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A formal model of fair exchange protocols

Science in china(Series F) 2005年第4期48卷 499-512页

作者： QING Sihan1,2,3.& LI Gaicheng1,2,3.1. Engineering Research Center for Information Security Technology, institute of Software, chinese Aca- demy of sciences,{3., china 2. beijing Zhongke Ansheng Corporation of Information Technology,{3., china 3. Graduate School of the chinese academy of sciences, beijing 10003., china 1. Engineering Research Center for Information Security Technology Institute of Software Chinese Academy of Sciences 100080 Beijing China 2. beijing Zhongke Ansheng Corporation of Information Technology 100080 Beijing China 3. Graduate School of the chinese academy of sciences 100039 Beijing China

Based on the study of existing fair exchange protocols, this paper sets up an accurate formal model by stepwise refinement. In the process of refinement an unreliable channel is employed to simulate an attack behavior. The model provides a novel formal definition of exchanged items, and presents the formal goals for fairness, accountability, etc., reflecting the inherent requirements for fair exchange protocols across-the-board. In order to check, prove, and design fair exchange protocols effectively and efficiently, the model puts forward a novel property of abuse-freeness which applies to all fair exchange protocols, gives a formal definition for trust strand of the third party, and presents general criteria of designing a secure and effective fair exchange protocol. Taking a typical fair exchange protocol as an example, this paper presents the analysis steps of fair exchange protocols appealing to our model. An unknown attack is uncovered. The analysis reveals the process of a complete attack, discovering deeper reasons for causing an attack. Finally, we modify the flawed protocol and the revised protocol ensures the desirable properties.

关键词： events local causal relation local temporal relation global relation exchanged item security goals.

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Transport　of　atmospheric　trace　elements　and　dust－soil　to　the　Western　Pacific　Ocean

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Journal of Environmental sciences 1996年第4期8卷 460-465页

作者： Yang Shaojin Chen Bingru Yang Yinan(institute of High Energy physics,chinese {3. of sciences,beijing 100080,china) institute of High Energy physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China

Atmospheric aerosol and rainwater samples collected in the different Western Pacific area were analyzed by instrumental neutron activation and proton induced X-ray emission to (1) determine the atmospheric concentrations of trace elements over the Western Pacific and (2) to esti mate the atmospheric deposition of trace elements and dust-soil material to this region. High abundance of pollutant and crustal elements relative to oceanic sources was observed. Some characteristics of marine atmosphere relating to long-range transport of crustal and anthropogenic elements from continent to the remote ocean are discussed. The total dust-soil particle mass is estimated to be 0. 066-1.2 μg/m￣3.over the Western Pacific Ocean areas. Atmospheric inputs of dust-soil particles control the marine particle concentrations of crustal elements. In addition, the characteristics of marine rain water are discussed.

关键词： dust-soil marine rain-water atmospheric trace elements.

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The formation and stability of Si_(1-x)C_x alloys in Si implanted with carbon ions

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chinese Science Bulletin 2001年第3期46卷 200-204页

作者： WANG Yinshu, LI Jinmin, JIN Yunfan, WANG Yutian, SUN Guosheng & LIN Lanying1. Department of physics, beijing Normal University, beijing 100875,{3. 2. institute of Semiconductors, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100083.{3. 3. institute of Modern physics, chinese academy of sciences, Lanzhou 73.000,{3. Department of physics Beijing Normal University Beijing China institute of Semiconductors Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China institute of Modern physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China

Si1-xCx alloys of carbon (C) concentration between 0.6%-1.0% were grown in Si by ion implantation and high temperature annealing. The formation of Si1-xCx alloys under different ion doses and their stability during annealing were studied. If the implanted dose was less than that for amorphizing Si crystals, the implanted C atoms would like to combine with defects produced during implantation and it was difficult to form Si1-xCx alloys after being annealed at 850℃. With the increment of implanted C ion doses, the lattice damage increased and it was easier to form Si1-xCx alloys. But the lattice strain would become saturate and only part of implanted carbon atoms would occupy the substitutional positions to form Si1-xCx alloys as the implanted carbon dose increased to a certain degree. Once Si1-xCx alloys were formed, they were stable at 950℃, but part of their strain would release as the annealing temperature increased to 1 000℃. Stability of the alloys became worse with the increment of carbon

关键词： ion implantation Si1-xCx alloys stability of Si1-xCx alloys.

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Testing local realism in P → VV decays

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Science china(physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2010年第5期53卷 870-875页

作者： LI JunLi1 & QIAO CongFeng1,2 1Department of physics,Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100049,{3. 2theoretical physics Center for Science Facilities(TPCSF),chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100049,{3. 1. Department of physics Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China2. Theoretical Physics Center for Science Facilities (TPCSF) Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

It was found that the vector meson pair from the pseudoscalar decays can form an entangled *** this work we give out detailed explanations on the polarization correlation of the two entangled vector *** is demonstrated that an experimental test of the Clauser-Horne inequality can be carried out through measuring the azimuthal distribution of four pseudoscalars in the cascade decay ηc→ VV →(PP)(PP),and the measurement of this process is feasible with the current running experiments in tau-charm ***,a brief discussion on the polarization correlation of the two vector mesons from B → VV decays is also presented.

关键词： nonlocality test high energy experiment meson decays

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Algebraically explicit analytical solu-tions for the unsteady non-Newtonian swirling flow in an annular pipe

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Science china(physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2006年第4期49卷 396-400页

作者： CAI Ruixian1 & GOU Chenhua1,2 1. institute of Engineering Thermophysics, chinese academy of sciences,{3., china 2. Graduate School, chinese academy of sciences,{3., china 1. institute of Engineering Thermophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China 2. Graduate School Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China

This paper presents two algebraically explicit analytical solutions for the incompressible unsteady rotational flow of Oldroyd-B type in an annular pipe. The first solution is derived with the common method of separation of variables. The second one is deduced with the method of separation of variables with addition developed in recent years. The first analytical solution is of clear physical meaning and both of them are fairly simple and valuable for the newly developing computational fluid dynamics. They can be used as the benchmark solutions to verify the applicability of the existing numerical computational methods and to inspire new differencing schemes, grid generation ways, etc. Moreover, a steady solution for the generalized second grade rheologic fluid flow is also presented. The correctness of these solutions can be easily proven by substituting them into the original governing equation.

关键词： analytical solution, Oldroyd-B type fluid, swirling flow, non-Newtonian.

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ELTA-WAVE IN A SIMPLE 1-D 2 x 2 HYPERBOLIC PROBLEM

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 1996年第4期14卷 311-318页

作者： S.L. Yang(institute of Applied Mathematics, chinese academy of sciences, beijing,{3.) institute of Applied Mathematics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

A simple one-dimensional 2 x 2 hyperbolic system is considered in the *** model contains a linear hyperbolic equation, as well as a hyperbolic equation ofwhich the coefficients are about the solution of the linear one. The exact solution ispresented and discussed, then numerical experiments are given by TVD (or MmB)type schemes for Riemann problems. From the results, we know that the solutionsdo have δ-waves for some suitable initial data.

关键词： Zhang Figure DELTA-WAVE IN A SIMPLE 1-D 2 HYPERBOLIC PROBLEM

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Central simple Poisson algebras

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Science china Mathematics 2004年第2期47卷 245-263页

作者： SU Yucai & XU XiaopingDepartment of Mathematics, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 20003., china institute of Mathematics, academy of Mathematics and System {3., chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100080, china 1.Department of Mathematics Shanghai Jiaotong University 200030 Shanghai China 2.Institute of Mathematics Academy of Mathematics and System Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 100080 Beijing China

Poisson algebras are fundamental algebraic structures in physics and symplectic geometry. However, the structure theory of Poisson algebras has not been well developed. In this paper, we determine the structure of the central simple Poisson algebras related to locally finite derivations, over an algebraically closed field of characteristic *** Lie algebra structures of these Poisson algebras are in general not finitely-graded.

关键词： Poisson algebra, locally-finite operator, derivation, finitely-graded, isomorphism class.

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Characteristics of air particulate matter and their sources in urban and rural area of beijing, china

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2000年第4期12卷 402-409页

作者： YANG Shao jin, DONG Jin quan, CHENG Bing ru (institute of High Energy physics, chinese academy of sciences,{3., china) institute of High Energy physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China

During October 1993.and March 1996, the samples of fine and coarse air particulate matter have been collected at representative urban and rural site of beijing with the Gent Stacked Filter Unit Sampler. Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) and proton induced X ray emission (PIXE) method were used to determine the elemental composition of the particulate matter. Average elemental concentrations and enrichment factors were calculated for the fine and coarse size fractions. Based on the particulate matter data obtained at urban and rural site together with the chemical constituents of the aerosol from the different sources are discussed. The results show that the relative particulate mass and elemental concentrations of crustal and pollutant elements in the air particulate matter collected over the urban are higher than rural and winter heating period are higher than in ordinary season. beijing atmosphere is polluted by aerosols from regional and faraway sources. It was noticed that the toxic or harmful elements such as As, Sb, Pb, Cu, Ni, S and Zn were mainly enriched in fine particles with diameter less than 2 μm. A receptor model was used to assess the relative contribution of major air pollution sources at receptor sites in beijing. Trace elements were used as the markers for the above assessment. Factor analysis method was used to identify possible emission sources of air particles. The major sources of dust soil, coal burning, motor vehicle emission, industry emission and refuse incineration were identified.

关键词： atmospheric particulate matter urban rural source aerosol

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Entropy of Dilatonic Black Hole due to Arbitrary Spin Fields

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chinese Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2001年第4期1卷 357-364页

作者： You-Gen Shen and Chang-Jun Gao (Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, chinese academy of sciences, Shanghai 20003. National Astronomical Observatories, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100012 {3. of theoretical physics, chinese academy of Scienc institute of theoretical physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080

Using the membrane model based on the brick-wall model, we calculate the free energy and entropy of dilatonic black hole due to arbitrary spin fields. The result shows that the entropy of scalar field and the entropy ... 详细信息

关键词： black hole physics - entropy - spin

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δ-WAVE FOR 1-D AND 2-D HYPERBOLIC SYSTEMS

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 1996年第3期14卷 256-262页

作者： S.L. Yang(institute of Applied Mathematics, chinese academy of sciences, beijing,{3.) chinese ACAD SCI INST APPL MATHBEIJINGPEOPLES R CHINA

Here a new kind of nonlinear wave, which is called δ-wave, is described by some high resolution difference solutions for Riemann problems of one-dimensional (1-D) and two-dimensional (2-D) nonlinear hyperbolic systems in conservation laws. Some phenomena are numerically shown for the solutions of Riemann problems for 2-D gas dynamics systems

关键词： Zhang WAVE FOR 1-D AND 2-D HYPERBOLIC SYSTEMS

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