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Crustal structure of Gondwana-and Yangtze-typed blocks:An example by wide-angle seismic profile from Menglian to Malong in western Yunnan

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第11期48卷 1828-1836页

作者： ZHANG Zhongjie1, BAI Zhiming1, WANG Chunyong2, TENG Jiwen1, Lü Qingtian3. LI Jiliang1, SUN Shanxue1 & WANG Xinzheng1 1. institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100029, china 2. institute of Geophysics, Chinese Seismological Bureau, beijing 100081, china 3. institute of deposition resource, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, beijing 10003., china 1. institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences 100029 Beijing China 2. institute of Geophysics Chinese Seismological Bureau 100081 Beijing China 3. institute of deposition resource Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences 100037 Beijing China

The wide-angle seismic profile between Menglian and Malong crosses the Baoshan block (Gondwana-typed), and Simao and southwestern Yangtze blocks (Yangtze-typed). By in-terpreting the wide-angle seismic data, we obtained the seismic crust/upper mantle structure of P-wave velocities together with the seismic reflections of these three blocks, Changning- Menglian and Mojiang suture zones among the mentioned three blocks. Our interpreting results demonstrate that the P-wave crustal velocity of Simao block is slower than that of Baoshan and southwestern Yangtze block and the crustal thickness gradually thickens from the Baoshan block, Simao to southwestern Yangtze block. Crustal reflection patterns of these three blocks have dis-tinct differences too. For the Gondwana-typed blocks, seismic reflections in the upper crust are well developed while in middle-lower crust they are very weak. The crustal reflections in the Yangtze block are very well developed. The crustal reflection patterns in Simao and southwest-ern Yangtze blocks are distinguishable. The average thickness of the crust in the studied area is about 40 km. And we make some discussions on the crustal thickening model of the three blocks in western Yunnan and tectonic setting of seismic developing and interaction of Gondwana and Yangtze blocks.

关键词： Gondwana blocks,Yangtze blocks,wide-angle profile,crustal structure,tectonic setting

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The crustal structure under Sanjiang and its dynamic implications:Revealed by seismic reflection/refraction profile between Zhefang and Binchuan,Yunnan

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第9期48卷 1329-1336页

作者： ZHANG Zhongjie1, BAI Zhiming1, WANG Chunyong2, TENG Jiwen1, Lü Qingtian3. LI Jiliang1, LIU Yifeng1 & LIU Zhenkuan4 1. institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100029, china 2. institute of Geophysics, china Seismological Bureau, beijing 100085, china 3. institute of deposition resource, Chinese Academy of Geosciences, beijing 10003., china 4. School of Exploration and Information, china University of Geosciences, beijing 100083. china 1. institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences 100029 Beijing China 2. institute of Geophysics China Seismological Bureau 100085 Beijing China 3. institute of deposition resource Chinese Academy of Geosciences 100037 Beijing China 4. School of Exploration and Information China University of Geosciences 100083 Beijing China

The fault belts in Sanjiang mainly include Jinshajiang-Honghe fault, Lancangjiang fault and Nujiang fault (called Sanjiang faults) in western Yunnan Province, china. By interpreting the wide-angle seismic reflection/refraction profile between Zhefang and Binchuan, which crosses Tengchong and Baoshan blocks in Dianxi (western Yunnan) tectonic zone, we recon- struct the crustal structure with seismic traveltime tomography for crustal P-wave velocity and the seismic scattering image for crustal seismic reflection structure. In this paper, we firstly present the crustal structure images of P-wave velocity and seismic reflection under the wide-angle seismic profile. These results demonstrate that, the crustal velocity structure and seismic reflec- tion structure along the profile can be divided into 3.segments, and there is an obvious difference of crustal structure among the eastern, the western and the middle segment. Generally, crustal P-wave velocities in the Baoshan segment are 0.1―0.2 km/s slower and seismic reflection am- plitudes from Moho discontinuity are stronger than the other 2 segments. In the studied area, crustal thickness is about 40 km, and shows the thickening tendency from west to east along the profile. Additionally, it can be seen that there is one strong-amplitude seismic reflection event as bright points at the depths of 8―10 km, along the segment of 80―115 km of the profile (south- ward of Tengchong); and seismic reflection wave-field from Moho discontinuity varies obviously along the lateral direction. Finally, we make some discussions on the crustal thickening pattern in the Sanjiang fault belt, structural environment of earthquake development and the contact rela- tionship between the Tengchong block, Banshan block and Luxi trough.

关键词： Sanjiang area wide-angle seismic profile crustal structure.

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Propagation characteristics of converted refracted wave and its application in static correction of converted wave

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S2期51卷 226-232页

作者： LIU Yang1,2 & WEI XiuCheng3.1 State Key Laboratory of Petroleum resource and Prospecting,china University of Petroleum,beijing 102249,china 2 CNPC Geophysical Exploration Key Laboratory,china University of Petroleum,beijing 102249,china 3.Exploration and Production Research institute,SINOPEC,beijing 100083.china china Univ Petr State Key Lab Petr Resource & Prospecting Beijing 102249 Peoples R China china Univ Petr CNPC Geophys Explorat Key Lab Beijing 102249 Peoples R China SINOPEC Explorat & Prod Res Inst Beijing 100083 Peoples R China

Three-component seismic exploration through P-wave source and three-component geophone is an effective technique used in complicated reservoir exploration. In three-component seismic exploration data processing,one of the difficulties is static correction of converted wave. This paper analyzes propagation characteristics of non-converted and converted refracted waves,and discovers a favor-able condition for the formation of converted refracted wave,i.e. the velocity of overlaying medium S wave is much lower than that of underlying medium S wave. In addition,the paper proposes the static correction method of converted wave based on PPS converted refracted wave,and processes the real three-component seismic data with better results of static correction of converted wave.

关键词： PPS converted refracted wave converted wave static correction

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The quantification of remote sensing

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2005年第S2期48卷 1-11页

作者： GU Xingfa1,2,3.TIAN Guoliang1,2, LI Xiaowen1,2 & GUO Jianning4 1. State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Jointly Sponsored by the institute of Remote Sensing Applications of Chinese Academy of Sciences and beijing Normal University, beijing 100101,{3. 2. The Center for National Spaceborne Demonstration, beijing 100101,{3. 3. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Climat Sol Environnement, 84914 Avignon, France 4.{3. Center for resource Satellite Data and Application, beijing 10083.,{3. Chinese Acad Sci Inst Remote Sensing Applicat State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci Beijing 100101 Peoples R China beijing Normal Univ State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci Beijing 100101 Peoples R China Ctr Natl Spaceborne Demonstrat Beijing 100101 Peoples R China Inst Natl Rech Agron F-84914 Avignon France china Ctr resource Satellite Data & Applicat Beijing 100830 Peoples R China

The paper firstly defined the remote sensing information quantification, analyzed the necessity of developing remote sensing quantification, figured out the application guidelines requirement, and pointed out the importance of quantification research. Then taking the remote sensing application research of CBERS-02 data quantification as the example, the paper described the whole quantification system of “remotely sensed digital signal-radiation information-field parameter inversion”. Finally the paper gave the prospect for the development trend of the quantitative remote sensing.

关键词： remote sensing information quantification CBERS-02 radiometric calibration surface parame- ter reversion.

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Study on the changes of water cycle and its impacts in the source region of the Yellow River

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2004年第z1期47卷 142-151页

作者： ZHANG Shifeng1, JIA Shaofeng1, LIU Changming1, CAO Wenbing2, HAO Fanghua3. LIU Jiuyu4 & YAN Huayun5 1. institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100101,{3. 2.{3. University of Geosciences, beijing 100083.{3. 3. beijing Normal University, beijing 100875,{3. 4. Bureau of Hydrology of Yellow River Conservancy Commission, Zhengzhou 450003.{3. 5. Bureau of Hydrology and Water resource Investigation of Qinghai Province, Xining 810001,{3. 1. institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences 100101 Beijing China2. China University of Geosciences 100083 Beijing China3. Beijing Normal University 100875 Beijing China4. Bureau of Hydrology of Yellow River Conservancy Commission 450003 Zhengzhou China5. Bureau of Hydrology and Water Resource Investigation of Qinghai Province 810001 Xining China

The water cycle in the source region of the Yellow River underwent great changes in the 1990s. The major features of the changes are as follows: the gauged runoff declined significantly while the precipitation increased slightly, and the runoff process was more concentrated on the flood season. Water balance analyses indicate that the pondage was kept in the status of negative equilibrium, causing eco-environmental problems. The runoff decrement is due to evaporation increment in this region. Studies show that the runoff process in this region is closely related to that of the other hydrological stations in the upper reaches. When the runoff declines in the source regions, the amount of water also declines in the whole upper reaches of the Yellow River, affecting the balance between water demand and supply. Meanwhile changes will take place in the water cycle of the river course system when the eco-environment deteriorates. The trend of water cycle change in the source region is that the runoff will keep declining with the increment of evaporation caused by temperature rise in the northwest of china in the 21st century. But the hydraulic engineering in the source region will help to mitigate the deterioration of local eco-environment system, though the impacts to the lower reaches of this project may not be the case.

关键词： source region of the Yellow River, water cycle, evaporation, negative equilibrium.

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Re-Os(ICP-MS)dating of the massive sulfide ores from the Jinchuan Ni-Cu-PGE deposit

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第10期48卷 1672-1677页

作者： YANG Gang1,2, DU Andao1, LU Jiren3. QU Wenjun1 & CHEN Jiangfeng2 1. National Research Center of Geoanalysis, beijing 10003., china 2. Laboratory for Earth Material Cycling, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of china, Hefei 23.026, china 3. institute of Mineral resource, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, beijing 10003., china National Research Center of Geoanalysis beijing china Laboratory for Earth Material Cycling School of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China institute of Mineral resource Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences beijing{3.

Massive sulfide ore from the Jinchuan Ni-Cu-PGE deposit was dated by Re-Os technique using Carius Tube digestion, Os distillation, Re extraction by acetone and ICP-MS measurement. An isochron giving an age of 83. ± 3. Ma, initial 187Os/188Os ratio of 0.279 ± 0.018 (MSWD = 1.7) and γOs = 13. ± 15 is obtained. The Re-Os age obtained agrees, within analytical uncertainties, with previous SHRIMP zircon U-Pb age of 827 ± 8 Ma (n=5, MSWD = 4.3.. The result suggests that the deposit was formed at Neoproterozoic and that the formation of the Jinchuan Ni-Cu-PGE sulfide deposit may be closely related to the plume activity, which were attributed to the breakup of the Rodinia supercontinent. The high γOs of the massive ores sug-gests that crustal material was involved in the formation of the Jinchuan deposit, however, the quantity of the added crustal material is less than 10%.

关键词： Jinchuan Ni-Cu-PGE deposit, Re-Os dating, ICP-MS.

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Effects of abnormally high heat stress on petroleum in reservoir——An example from the Tazhong 18 Well in the Tarim Basin

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第4期51卷 515-527页

作者： ZHU DongYa1, JIN ZhiJun1, HU WenXuan2 & ZHANG XueFeng3.1 Petroleum Exploration and Production institute, china Petroleum & Chemical Corporation, beijing 100083. china 2 Department of Earth Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093. china 3.School of resource and Information, china University of Petroleum, beijing 102249, china Petroleum Exploration and Production institute China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation Beijing China Department of Earth Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing China School of resource and Information China University of Petroleum Beijing China

An igneous intrusion of 94m thick was discovered intruding into the Silurian sandstone from Tazhong 18 Well. The petroleum previously preserved in the Silurian sandstone reservoir was altered into black carbonaceous bitumen by abnormally high heat stress induced by the igneous intrusion. The reflec-tance of the carbonaceous bitumen reaches as high as 3.54%, indicating that the bitumen had evolved into a high thermal evolution level. Similar to the Silurian samples from the neighboring Tazhong 11, Tazhong 12. Tazhong 45 and Tazhong 47 wells, the distribution of C27, C28 and C29 steranes of the car-bonaceous bitumen is still "V" -shaped and can still be employed as an efficient parameter in oil source correlation. The "V" -shaped distribution indicates that the hydrocarbons from the Tazhong 18 and the neighboring wells were all generated from the Middle-Upper Ordovician hydrocarbon source rocks. However, the oil source correlation parameters associated with and terpanes had been changed greatly by the high heat stress and can no longer be used in oil source correlation. The δ 13. values of the pe-troleum from the neighboring wells are between -3..53. and -3..3.‰, coincident with those of the Paleozoic marine petroleum in the Tarim Basin. However, the δ 13. values of the carbonaceous bitumen from the Tazhong 18 Well are between -27.18‰ and -29.26‰, isotopically much heavier than the pe-troleum from the neighboring wells. The content of light hydrocarbons (nC14-nC20) of the saturated hydrocarbon fraction in the carbonaceous bitumen is extremely higher than the content of heavy hy-drocarbons. The light/heavy hydrocarbon ratios (ΣnC21-/ΣnC22+) are between 4.56 and 3..17. In the saturated fraction, the even numbered hydrocarbons are predominant to the odd numbered, and the OEP (Odd to Even Predominance) values are between 0.22 and 0.49. However, the content of light hy-drocarbons in the petroleum from the neighboring wells is relatively low and the content of the even numb

关键词： Tarim Basin igneous intrusive abnormally high heat stress bitumen carbon isotope PAH

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Radiometric cross-calibration of the CBERS-02 CCD camera with the TERRA MODIS

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2005年第S2期48卷 44-60页

作者： LI Xiaoying1,2,3. GU Xingfa1,3.4, MIN Xiangjun5, YU Tao1,3. FU Qiaoyan5, ZHANG Yong1,2,3.& LI Xiaowen1,3.1. State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Jointly Sponsored by the institute of Remote Sensing Applications of Chinese Academy of Sciences and beijing Normal University, beijing 100101,{3. 2. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 10003.,{3. 3. The Center for National Spaceborne Demonstration, beijing 100101,{3. 4. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Climat Sol Environnement, 84914 Avignon, France 5.{3. Center for resource Satellite Data and Application, beijing 10083.,{3. 1. State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science Jointly Sponsored by the Institute of Remote Sensing Applications of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing Normal University 100101 Beijing China 2. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 100039 Beijing China 3. The Center for National Spaceborne Demonstration 100101 Beijing China 4. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Climat Sol Environnement 84914 Avignon France 5. china Center for resource Satellite Data and Application 100830 Beijing China

For the application of the CCD camera, the most important payload on CBERS-02, the key is to provide long-term stable radiometric calibration coefficients. Although the vicarious calibration had been proved successful, it had its limitations such as test site requirement and unsuitable for historical data. Cross-calibration is one of the alternative methods, but it needs synchro surface spectrum to achieve spectral band matching factors. Our effort is to probe the influences on these factors. Simulations with a lot of surface spectrum showed that the factors changed with the viewing geometry, atmospheric condition and surface targets. However, simulating with the same viewing geometry and atmospheric condition, the spectral band matching factors of the same or similar surface targets’ spectrum acquired from different dates and different places would like to be consistent to each other within 1%―5%. Thus, the synchro measurement data can be substituted by the same or similar target from other source. Based on this method, using the MODIS as the reference, the cross-calibration was performed for CCD camera. The research demonstrated that the traditional method with single calibration site was inappropriate for CCD camera, since the offsets for its four spectral bands were not zeros. With four calibration sites, these offsets were obtained. And the camera was detected to degrade with dates based on four times of cross-calibrations.

关键词： CBERS-02 CCD camera cross-calibration the spectral band matching factors.

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On three-dimensional geological modeling and visualization

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Science china Earth Sciences 2004年第8期47卷 739-748页

作者： WU Qiang1 & XU Hua2 1. Department of resource Exploitation Engineering, china University of Mining and Technology, beijing 100083. china 2. beijing institute of Petrochemical Technology, beijing 102617, china 1. Department of resource Exploitation Engineering China University of Mining and Technology 100083 Beijing China 2. beijing institute of Petrochemical Technology 102617 Beijing China

The technology of 3. geological modeling will bring about great changes in the methods of geological data acquiring, storing, processing and displaying. However, no perfect or convenient software systems have been developed up to now since the geologic data which re-flect geological entities bear the feature of diversity, uncertainty and complexity. Some supervoxel models, mathematical models of fault and geometrical models of fold have been contrived so as to show the space geometric configuration of the complicated geologic structures. The application-oriented system architecture for 3. geological modeling is established; and a novel design concept based on spatial data processing is also proposed with the technology of solid modeling as its core and the application of models as its objective. Theories and methods for 3. geological modeling will hopefully be enriched and developed. In the light of these theories and methods, a feature-based navigation visualization technique is also put forward in the paper. By integrating geo-database, graphics libraries and KBS with 3. dynamic simulation systems, geologists will be able to capture the partial characteristics and whole structure embodied in the geological data in a direct-viewing, figurative and accurate manner.

关键词： 3. geological modeling,geometrical model,system architecture,visualization

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A new method for spatio-temporal prediction of rainfall-induced landslide

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Science china Earth Sciences 2006年第4期49卷 421-430页

作者： DING Jixin1,2, YANG Zhifa2, SHANG Yanjun2, ZHOU Shenghua1 & YIN Juntao3.1. china Non-ferrous Metals resource Geological Survey, beijing 1000{3. china 2. institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering Geomechanics, beijing 100029, china 3. School of Geoscience & Environmental Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083. china 1. china Non-ferrous Metals resource Geological Survey Beijing 100012 China 2. institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Engineering Geomechanics Beijing 100029 China 3. School of Geoscience & Environmental Engineering Central South University Changsha 410083 China

Geological condition and rainfall are two most principal conditions inducing landslides in the Chongqing region. By analyzing the forming conditions of rainfall-induced landslides, a new method for spatio-temporal prediction of rainfall-induced landslide is brought forward on the basis of grading and overlapping geological condition and rainfall factor in this paper. At first, semi-quantitative assessment and grading for the geological condition of a certain area or slope can be carried out with the multi-factor interactive matrix. Then the severity of rainfall in that area is grading according to the maximum daily rainfall and the total rainfall in a rainfall course. Finally, the “landslide probability judgement factor” can be worked out through grading and overlapping “geological condition influenc- ing factor” and “rainfall influencing factor”, by which the landslide can be graded into 4 grades, they are landslide extremely easily happening, landslide easily happening, landslide difficultly happening and landslide hardly ever happening respectively. More accurate spatio-temporal prediction of rain- fall-induced landslides can come true on the ground of detailed geological survey of some dangerous slopes in an area and more precise weather forecast. Finally, the reliability and feasibility of carrying out the spatio-temporal prediction of rainfall-induced landslides with the method of “two factors” grading and overlapping are validated by the example of Jipazi landslide.

关键词： rainfall-induced landslide, geological condition, rainfall, two factors, grading and overlapping, interactive matrix, spatio-temporal prediction.

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