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A convolutional neural network to detect possible hidden data in spatial domain images

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Cybersecurity 2024年第1期7卷 37-52页

作者： Jean de la Croix Ntivuguruzwa Tohari Ahmad department of Informatics Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember(ITS)Kampus ITS Keputih SukoliloSurabaya60111Indonesia African Center of Excellence in the Internet of Things College of Science and TechnologyUniversity of Rwanda3900KigaliRwanda

Hiding secret data in digital multimedia has been essential to protect the ***,attackers with a steganalysis technique may break *** steganalysis methods have good results with conventional Machine Learning(ML)techniques;however,the introduction of Convolutional Neural Network(CNN),a deep learning paradigm,achieved better performance over the previously proposed ML-based *** the existing CNN-based approaches yield good results,they present performance issues in classification accuracy and stability in the network training *** research proposes a new method with a CNN architecture to improve the hidden data detection accuracy and the training phase stability in spatial domain *** proposed method comprises three phases:pre-processing,feature extraction,and ***,in the pre-processing phase,we use spatial rich model filters to enhance the noise within images altered by data hiding;secondly,in the feature extraction phase,we use two-dimensional depthwise separable convolutions to improve the signal-to-noise and regular convolutions to model local features;and finally,in the classification,we use multi-scale average pooling for local features aggregation and representability enhancement regardless of the input size variation,followed by three fully connected layers to form the final feature maps that we transform into class probabilities using the softmax *** results identify an improvement in the accuracy of the considered recent scheme ranging between 4.6 and 10.2%with reduced training time up to 3..81%.

关键词： Information security Spatial domain steganalysis deep learning Convolutional neural network Infrastructure

Absolute radiometric calibration of CBERS-02 IRMSS thermal band

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2005年第S2期48卷 72-90页

作者： ZHANG Yong1,2,3. GU Xingfa1,3.4, YU Tao1,3. ZHANG Yuxiang5, CHEN Liangfu1,3. LI Xiaoying1,2,3. LI Xiaowen1,3.& HE Liming6 1. State Key laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Jointly Sponsored by the institute of Remote Sensing Applications of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100101, China 2. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10003., China 3. The Center for national Spaceborne demonstration, Beijing 100101, China 4. institut national de la recherche agronomique, Climat Sol Environnement, 84914.avignon, france 5. national Satellite Meteorological Center, Beijing 100081, China 6. State Environmental Protection Administration, Beijing 100029, China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Remote Sensing Applicat State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci Beijing 100101 Peoples R China Beijing Normal Univ State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci Beijing 100101 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Grad Univ Beijing 100039 Peoples R China Ctr Natl Spaceborne demonstrat Beijing 100101 Peoples R China INRA F-84914 Avignon France Natl Satellite Meteorol Ctr Beijing 100081 Peoples R China State Environm Protect Adm Beijing 100029 Peoples R China

Based on the laboratory calibration before launch of CBERS-02 IRMSS thermal infrared channel, the onboard blackbody calibration, the radiometric cross- calibration against TERRA MODIS corresponding channel and the in-flight field calibration at lake Qinghai: water surface radiometric calibration test site of China on Aug. 17, 2004 are carried out in this research. When making onboard blackbody calibration of CBERS-02 IRMSS, it is necessary to understand inside structures and light path in IRMSS camera and receive and process calibration blackbody signals at normal and high temperatures. Onboard blackbody calibration results of each detector are very important to relative radiometric calibration of images processing and absolute radiometric calibration of each detector. In-flight field calibration mainly contains field experiments, obtaining synchronous images, spectrum marching and MODTRAN radiative transmi- ssion computation. Radiometric cross-calibration of CBERS-02 IRMSS thermal band against TERRA MODIS selected 6 times synchronous images of two sensors passing through lake Qinghai and lake Taihu from August to december, 2004 to compute the cross calibration data. Combining the in-flight field calibration and radiometric cross calibration data, the absolute radiometric calibration coefficients are calculated by the linear regression method. This new calibration model can obviously control the radiometric calibration uncertainties aroused by the single point method used in the in-flight calibration of CBERS-02 IRMSS, this kind of sensors cannot receive the cosmic background radiation. In this research, the radiometric calibration coefficients obtained through the linear regression model are 8.53.(gain, unit: DN/W m?2sr?1μm?1) and 44.92 (offset, unit: DN).

关键词： CBERS-02 IRMSS thermal band in-flight field calibration onboard blackbody calibration cross calibration.

Radiometric cross-calibration of the CBERS-02 CCD camera with the TERRA MODIS

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2005年第S2期48卷 44-60页

作者： LI Xiaoying1,2,3. GU Xingfa1,3.4, MIN Xiangjun5, YU Tao1,3. FU Qiaoyan5, ZHANG Yong1,2,3.& LI Xiaowen1,3.1. State Key laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Jointly Sponsored by the institute of Remote Sensing Applications of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100101, China 2. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10003., China 3. The Center for national Spaceborne demonstration, Beijing 100101, China 4. institut national de la recherche agronomique, Climat Sol Environnement, 84914.avignon, france 5. China Center for Resource Satellite Data and Application, Beijing 10083., China 1. State Key laboratory of Remote Sensing Science Jointly Sponsored by the Institute of Remote Sensing Applications of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing Normal University 100101 Beijing China 2. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 100039 Beijing China 3. The Center for national Spaceborne demonstration 100101 Beijing China 4. institut national de la recherche {3. Climat Sol Environnement 84914 Avignon France 5. China Center for Resource Satellite Data and Application 100830 Beijing China

For the application of the CCD camera, the most important payload on CBERS-02, the key is to provide long-term stable radiometric calibration coefficients. Although the vicarious calibration had been proved successful, it had its limitations such as test site requirement and unsuitable for historical data. Cross-calibration is one of the alternative methods, but it needs synchro surface spectrum to achieve spectral band matching factors. Our effort is to probe the influences on these factors. Simulations with a lot of surface spectrum showed that the factors changed with the viewing geometry, atmospheric condition and surface targets. However, simulating with the same viewing geometry and atmospheric condition, the spectral band matching factors of the same or similar surface targets’ spectrum acquired from different dates and different places would like to be consistent to each other within 1%―5%. Thus, the synchro measurement data can be substituted by the same or similar target from other source. Based on this method, using the MODIS as the reference, the cross-calibration was performed for CCD camera. The research demonstrated that the traditional method with single calibration site was inappropriate for CCD camera, since the offsets for its four spectral bands were not zeros. With four calibration sites, these offsets were obtained. And the camera was detected to degrade with dates based on four times of cross-calibrations.

关键词： CBERS-02 CCD camera cross-calibration the spectral band matching factors.

Comparison of the influence factors on NDVI for CCD camera and WFI imager on CBERS-02

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2005年第S2期48卷 100-115页

作者： YU Tao1,3. LI Xiaoying1,2,3. ZHANG Yong1,2,3. ZHAO Feng1,2,3. GU Xingfa1,3.4, ZHU Li1,2,3. WANG Pengxin5 & MIN Xiangjun6 1. State Key laboratory of Remote Sensing Science institute of Remote Sensing Application, CAS, Bei- jing 100101, China 2. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10003., China 3. The Center for national Spaceborne demonstration, Beijing 100101, China 4. institut national de la recherche agronomique, Climat Sol Environnement, 84914.avignon, france 5. College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083. China 6. China Center for Resource Satellite Data and Application, Beijing 10083., China 1. State Key laboratory of Remote Sensing Science Institute of Remote Sensing Application CAS 100101 Beijing China 2. The Center for national Spaceborne demonstration 100101 Beijing China 3. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 100039 Beijing China 4. institut national de la recherche {3. Climat Sol Environnent 84914 Avignon France 5. College of Information and Electrical Engineering China Agricultural University 100083 Beijing China 6. China Center for Resource Satellite Data and Application 100830 Beijing China

CCD and WFI are payloads in the visible light and near infrared bands on CBERS satellites and they have not been applied widely, especially WFI. This article mainly probes into the potential of these two sensors’ application in the vegetation monitoring and analyses the influences of radiometric calibration, atmosphere conditions and sun-observing geometry, etc. on NDVI obtained from these two sensors respectively. In addition it analyses the effect of the spectral response difference of red and near infrared spectral bands in CCD and WFI sensors on NDVI. Results indicate that radiometric calibration is the most important factor on NDVI, which cannot be applied to vegetation monitoring without radiometric calibration. Results also demonstrate that near surface NDVI is different greatly from that of TOA which change with atmosphere conditions. The study shows that NDVI is also affected by the non-lambertian character of surface and the change of the atmospheric path with the observing geometry. And NDVI of WFI is higher than that of CCD. They are very different because of their spectral difference, but they have a good linear relevant relationship.

关键词： CCD WFI NDVI laI.

In flight MTF monitoring and compensation for CCD camera on CBERS-02

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2005年第S2期48卷 29-43页

作者： GU Xingfa1,2,3. LI Xiaoying1,2,4, MIN Xiangjun5, YU Tao1,2, SUN Jijuan5, ZENG Yong1,2,4, XU Hua1,2 & GUO Ding2,6 1. State Key laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Jointly Sponsored by the institute of Remote Sensing Applications of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100101, China 2. The Center for national Spaceborne demonstration, Beijing 100101, China 3. institut national de la recherche agronomique, Climat Sol Environnement,{3., france 4. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10003., China 5. China Center for Resource Satellite Data and Application, Beijing 10083., China 6. University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China State Key laboratory of Remote Sensing Science Jointly Sponsored by the Institute of Remote Sensing Applications of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing Normal University 100101 Beijing China The Center for national Spaceborne demonstration 100101 Beijing China institut national de la recherche {3. Climat Sol Environnement 84914 Avignon France Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 100039 Beijing China China Center for Resource Satellite Data and Application 100830 Beijing China University of Electronic Science and Technology of China 610054 Chengdu China

In this article, the approach of simulating ideal tarp scene was proposed to determine the MTF for CCD camera on CBERS-02. The MTF acquired from this technique was compared to those from some common methods. MTFs achieved from different approaches were employed to compensate the CCD images based on three restoration algorithms: the iterative method, the Wiener filter and the modified inverse filter (MIF). The two-dimensional MTF was established with the value at frequency 0.5 for 45° directional MTF as the value at its four corners. This article addressed the variations of the restored CCD images with different techniques of constructing two-dimensional MTF, restoring algorithms and determining the in-flight MTFs. Results showed images restored with the MTF determined from the technique of simulating ideal tarp scene represent the real scene best. And the restoration technique based on the MIF would produce better restored images than the other two techniques. This research also demonstrated that the two-dimensional MTF used for restoration should be interpolated under the control of the MTF for 45° axis, rather than by multiplying the cross-orbit MTF with along-orbit MTF.

关键词： CBERS-02 CCD MTF the technique of simulating ideal tarp scene.

Low-power SiPM readout BETA ASIC for space applications

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第3期35卷 153-169页

作者： Anand Sanmukh Sergio Gómez Albert Comerma Joan Mauricio Rafel Manera Andreu Sanuy Daniel Guberman Roger Catala Albert Espinya Marina Orta Oscar de la Torre David Gascon departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica(FQA) Institut de Ciències del Cosmos(ICCUB)Universitat de Barcelona(UB)08028 BarcelonaSpain institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya(IEEC) 08034 BarcelonaSpain Electronics department Serra Hunter fellow at Polytechnic University of Catalonia(UPC)08019 BarcelonaSpain

The BETA application-specific integrated circuit(ASIC)is a fully programmable chip designed to amplify,shape and digitize the signal of up to 64 Silicon photomultiplier(SiPM)channels,with a power consumption of approximately~1 mW/*** to its dual-path gain,the BETA chip is capable of resolving single photoelectrons(phes)with a signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)>5 while simultaneously achieving a dynamic range of~4000 ***,BETA can provide a cost-effective solution for the readout of SiPMs in space missions and other applications with a maximum rate below 10 *** this study,we describe the key characteristics of the BETA ASIC and present an evaluation of the performance of its 16-channel version,which is implemented using 13. nm *** ASIC also contains two discriminators that can provide trigger signals with a time jitter down to 400 ps FWHM for 10 *** linearity error of the charge gain measurement was less than 2%for a dynamic range as large as 15 bits.

关键词： Radiation detectors Silicon photomultipliers Photon sensors Front-end electronics Mixed-mode ASICs Space technology

Interplay of RNA-binding proteins controls germ cell development in zebrafish

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2024年第9期51卷 889-899页

作者： de-Li Shi laboratory of developmental Biology CNRS-UMR7622Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine(IBPS)Sorbonne University75005 ParisFrance

The specification of germ cells in zebrafish mostly relies on an inherited mechanism by which localized maternal determinants,called germ plasm,confer germline fate in the early *** studies have partially allowed the identification of key regulators governing germ plasm formation and subsequent germ cell ***-binding proteins,acting in concert with other germ plasm components,play essential roles in the organization of the germ plasm and the specification,migration,maintenance,and differentiation of primordial germ *** loss of their functions impairs germ cell formation and causes sterility or sexual *** is emerging that they instruct germline development through differential regulation of mRNA fates in somatic and germ ***,the challenge remains to decipher the complex interplay of maternal germ plasm components in germ plasm compartmentalization and germ cell *** failure to control the developmental outcome of germ cells disrupts the formation of gametes,it is important to gain a complete picture of regulatory mechanisms operating in the germ cell *** review sheds light on the contributions of RNA-binding proteins to germ cell development in zebrafish and highlights intriguing questions that remain open for future investigation.

关键词： Germplasm Primordialgerm cell Germlinestem cell Gametogenesis Zebrafish RNA-binding protein Posttranscriptional gene expression Translational activation and repression

Two upper bounds for the Erdos-Hooley delta-function

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Science China Mathematics 2023年第12期66卷 2683-2692页

作者： Regis de la Breteche Gerald Tenenbaum institut de Mathematiques Universite Paris CiteSorbonne UniversiteCNRSParis F-75013France institut Elie Cartan Universite de LorraineVandoeuvre-les-NancyBP 70239France

For integer n≥1 and real u,let Δ(n,u):=|{d:d] n,e^(u)deltafunction is then defined by Δ(n):=Max_(u∈R)Δ(n,u).We improve the current upper bounds for the average and normal orders of ... 详细信息

关键词： concentration of divisors average order normal order Waring’s problem

Prenatal multiple micronutrient-fortified balanced energy-protein supplementation and newborn telomere length and mitochondrial DNA content: a randomized controlled efficacy trial in rural Burkina Faso

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年

作者： Giles T.Hanley-Cook Yuri Bastos-Moreira Dries S.Martens Trenton Dailey-Chwalibóg laeticia Celine Toe Brenda de Kok Lionel Ouédraogo Alemayehu Argaw Kokeb Tesfamariam Patrick Kolsteren Lieven Huybregts Tim S.Nawrot Sarah de Saeger Marthe de Boevre Carl lachat department of Food Technology， Safety and Health， Faculty of Bioscience Engineering， Ghent University Center of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health， MYTOXSOUTH~(?) Coordination Unit， Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences， Ghent University Centre for Environmental Sciences， Hasselt University Unité Nutrition et Maladies Métaboliques， institut de recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS) Centre Muraz Center of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health， MYTOXSOUTH? Coordination Unit， Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences， Ghent University Nutrition， Diets， and Health Unit， department of Food and Nutrition Policy， International Food Policy Research institute (IFPRI) department of Public Health & Primary Care， University of Leuven department of Biotechnology and Food Technology， Faculty of Science， University of Johannesburg， Doornfontein Campus

Background: Evidence regarding the effectiveness of prenatal nutritional supplements has mainly considered anthropometric pregnancy outcomes. The effect on markers of health and disease， such as offspring telomere length (TL) and mitochondrial DNA content (mtDNAc) is unknown. Objectives: We assessed the efficacy of maternal multiple micronutrient (MMN)-fortified balanced-energy protein (BEP) and iron-folic acid (IFA) supplementation on newborn TL as a secondary outcome and mtDNAc as a non-declared outcome. design: We conducted a randomized controlled trial in rural Burkina Faso， among pregnant females (15-40 years old) enrolled at lative TL and mtDNAc were measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Linear regression models were fitted to assess TL and mtDNAc differences across trial arms. Results: We found that a combined daily MMN-fortified BEP supplement and IFA tablet did not affect newborn TL [β = -0.010 (95% CI: -0.057， 0.03.); P = 0.662] or mtDNAc [β = 0.065 (95% CI: -0.203. 0.073.; P = 0.3.4]， as compared to an IFA tablet alone. These findings were confirmed (P > 0.05) by adjusting the regression models for potential prognostic factors of study outcomes at enrollment. Exploratory analyses indicated higher， but non-significantly different mtDNAc among children born either small-for-gestational age， low birthweight， or preterm. Conclusions: Newborns from mothers who received daily nutritional supplements across gestation did not have different relative TL or mtDNAc.

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