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Improving the accuracy of image-based forest fire recognition and spatial positioning

Science China(Technological sciences) 2010年第S1期53卷 184-190页

作者： JIANG LiLi 1,QI QingWen 1,ZHANG An 1,GUO ChaoHui 2.& CHENG Xi 1,3.1 Institute of Geographical sciences and Natural Resources Research,{2. {2. of sciences,beijing 100101,China 2.China Center for Resources Satellite Data and Applications,beijing 100094,China 3.6} university of {2. {2. of sciences,beijing 100049,China Institute of Geographical sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China China Center for Resources Satellite Data and Applications Beijing China graduate university of {2. {3. of sciences Beijing China

Forest fires are frequent natural *** is necessary to explore advanced means to monitor,recognize and locate forest fires so as to establish a scientific system for the early detection,real-time positioning and quick fighting of forest *** paper mainly expounds methods and algorithms for improving accuracy and removing uncertainty in image-based forest fire recognition and spatial ***,we discuss a method of forest fire recognition in visible-light *** are four aspects to improve accuracy and remove uncertainty in fire recognition:(1)eliminating factors of interference such as road and sky with high brightness,red leaves,other colored objects and objects that are lit up at night,(2.excluding imaging for specific periods and azimuth angles for which interference phenomena repeatedly occur,(3.improving the thresholding method for determining the flame border in image processing by adjusting the threshold to the season,weather and region,and (4)integrating the visible-light image method with infrared image ***,we examine infrared-image-based methods and approaches of improving the accuracy of forest fire recognition by combining the spectrum threshold with an object feature value such as the normalized difference vegetation index and excluding factors of disturbance such as interference signals,extreme weather and high-temperature ***,a method of visible analysis to enhance the accuracy of forest fire positioning is examined and realized;the method includes decreasing the visual angle,selecting central points,selecting the largest spots,and judging the selection of fire spots according to the central *** studies are examined and the results are found to be satisfactory.

关键词： forest fire monitoring spatial positioning accuracy improvement

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An efficient chiral synthesis of (R)-N-[3.acetyl-4-(2.hydroxy-3.isopropylamino-propoxy)phenyl]-butanamide with high enantioselectivity

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Science China Chemistry 2009年第8期52卷 1216-1219页

作者： WANG NaiXing1,2.& TANG XinLiang1,3.1 Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry,chinese {2. of {2.,{3. 100080,China 2.College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,graduate university of chinese {2. of {2.,{3. 100049,China 3.School of Chemical Engineering and Environment,{3. Institute of Technology,{3. 100081,China Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China School of Chemical Engineering and Environment Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China

R-Enantiomer of the β-receptor antagonist N-[3.acetyl-4-(2.hydroxy-3.isopropylamino-propoxy)phenyl] butanamide with high enantioselectivity was synthesized from cheap starting materials and enantiopure chiral reagent through an efficient,convenient and practical synthetic *** product was detected by 1H NMR,13. NMR,and MS,and the enatiomeric excess was determined by chiral HPLC analysis using a chiracel AD-H column.

关键词： chiral synthesis enantioselectivity enatiomeric excess chiral HPLC analysis

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Land cover changes based on plant successions: Deforestation, rehabilitation and degeneration of forest in the upper Dadu River watershed

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Science China Earth sciences 2005年第12期48卷 2214-2230页

作者： YAN Jianzhong1,2.3. ZHANG Yili1, BAI Wanqi1, LIU Yanhua4, BAO Weikai5, LIU Linshan1, 2.& ZHENG Du1 1. Institute of Geographic sciences and Natural Resources Research, {2. {2. of sciences, beijing 100101, China 2. graduate School of the {2. {2. of sciences, beijing 10003., China 3. College of Resources and Environment, Southwest Agricultural {12., Chongqing 400716, China 4. The Ministry of Science and Technology, P. C. China, beijing 100862. China 5. Chengdu Institute of Biology, {2. {2. of sciences, Chengdu 610041, China Institute of Geographic sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China graduate School of the chinese {2. of {3. Beijing China College of Resources and Environment Southwest Agricultural University Chongqing China The Ministry of Science and Technology P. C. China Beijing China Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu China

To link regional land use/cover changes with environmental effects, land cover changes are required to reflect vegetation successions, whereas the land cover classification systems commonly used nowadays cannot serve this purpose. In this paper, a new land cover classification system is established in which land covers are classified by the vegetation succes-sions, taking Zamtang County, Barkam County and Jinchuan County in the upper Dadu River watershed as a study area. Using multi-temporal remote sensing images, the land cover data of 1967, 1986 and 2.00 are obtained by means of integration of unsupervised classification and visual interpretation methods. The database facilitates the study of land use/cover changes, en-vironmental effects and ecological construction. Land cover changes reflect the main ecological processes in the upper Dadu River watershed. The landscape composed mainly of grasslands, wildwoods and alpine scrubs in 1967 was changed to that of grasslands, secondary forests, al-pine scrubs, fragmentary wildwoods, artificial forests, secondary scrubs in 2.00, meanwhile, the landscape got more fragmentized. The total area of the forests decreased by 9.43.. Study results have shown the process of restoration of logged areas in forest centers. From 1967 to 2.00, only 6.86 percents of logged areas were converted to shrubs, meadows or crop-lands, and the rest were converted into artificial forests or secondary forests. So the ecological shelter functions will be restored, stage by stage. Firewood collection, charcoal production and overgrazing are the three major triggers for the extensive degradation of alpine oak forests, Sa-bina tibetica forests and meadows. The arid valley grasslands expanded too. The degradation of vegetation in the southern slopes impairs ecological shelter functions and affects livelihood of local residents, so it is essential to find effective measures for ecological restoration and recon-struction. Field investigations have found

关键词： land use/cover classification, upper Dadu River watershed, vegetation successions, GIS, RS.

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Constraints of authigenic carbonates on trace elements (Sr,Mg) of lacustrine ostracod shells in paleoenviron-ment reconstruction and its mechanism

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Science China Earth sciences 2008年第5期51卷 654-664页

作者： HU Guang1,2. JIN ZhangDong1 & ZHANG Fei3.1 State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, chinese {2. of {2., Xi’an 710075, China 2.{3. university of the chinese {2. of {2., beijing 100049, China 3.College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural university, Nanjing 2.0095, China State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi’an China graduate university of the {2. {3. of sciences Beijing China College of Resources and Environmental Science Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China

Molar ratios of Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca were measured in two species of ostracod shells preserved in the upper core (15–55 m) of the Hequing Basin in Yunnan Province, southwest China. By correlating the molar ratios between Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca and comparing them with Sr concentrations of the sediments, we suggested that: (1) the molar Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca ratio variations in respective ostracod primo reflected the changes in its ambient water composition and ecology; (2. the molar Sr/Ca ratios responded better to the salinity change linearly than Mg/Ca without aragonite precipitation in the system, and otherwise there was no linear relation between them; and (3. the molar Sr/Ca ratios were mainly controlled by salinity and authigenic carbonate precipitation, whereas the molar Mg/Ca ratios were related to both salinity and temperature. In fact, the rate of ostracod growth owing to temperature controls the fluctuation of Mg/Ca in shells. Here, more attentions should be paid to the constraint of authigenic mineral precipitation processes on the trace elements in ostracod shells and to the correlation between these trace elements in biogenic carbonates and compositions of the sediments in systems and in future in vitro experiments.

关键词： ostracod shell molar Sr/Ca ratio molar Mg/Ca ratio environmental response Heqing Basin

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Taxonomic revision of Lepisorus(***.) Ching ***(Polypodiaceae) from China

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2009年第6期47卷 581-598页

作者： ~(1,2.Xin-Ping QI ~1Xian-Chun ZHANG~* 1(State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany,Institute of Botany,chinese academy of {2.,{3. 100093.China) 2.graduate university of chinese academy of {2.,{3. 100049,China) (State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China) (graduate university of {2. {3. of sciences Beijing 100049 China)

The taxonomy of Lepisorus(***.) Ching *** in China was revised based on herbarium specimen examinations,field observations,and microscopic study of rhizome scales,soral paraphyses,leaf epidermis, and *** a result,nine species were recognized:Lepisorus macrosphaerus(Baker) Ching,Lepisorus asterolepis (Baker) Ching,Lepisorus marginatus Ching,Lepisorus kuchenensis(***) Ching,Lepisorus megasorus(***.) Ching,Lepisorus kawakamii(Hayata) Tagawa,Lepisorus subsessilis Ching & ***,Lepisorus affinis Ching, and Lepisorus nudus(Hook.) *** kawakamii(Hayata) Tagawa was reinstated;Lepisorus gyirongensis Ching & *** and Lepisorus longus Ching were reduced to synonyms *** and ***,respectively. The subdivision ofLepisorus macrosphaerus was not *** scales and paraphyses are the most useful characters for species delimitation as well as for infrageneric *** of the leaf epidermis and spore ornamentation are usually stable and thus of great significance in understanding the relationships among groups within the genus.

关键词： China Lepisorus Lepisorus sect.Lepisorus Polypodiaceae taxonomic revision

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Parentage determination of an isolated Yangtze finless porpoise population Neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis in the Yangtze Tian-e-Zhou Baiji National Natural Reserve based on molecular data

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2005年第2期15卷 54-61页

作者： XIA Junhong 1,2. ZHENG Jinsong 1,2. XU Limei 1,2.and WANG Ding1*(1. Institute of Hydrobiology, chinese academy of {2., Wuhan 43.072. China 2. {3. School of the chinese academy of {2., beijing 10003., China) Inst. of Hydrobiology Chinese Acad. of Sciences Wuhan 430072 China graduate Sch. Chinese Acad. of Sciences Beijing 100039 China

Reproductive behaviors are poorly known for the Yangtze finless porpoise Neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis. In this study, the parentage of an isolated Yangtze finless porpoise population inhabiting the Yangtze Tian-e-Zhou Baiji National Natural Reserve is determined by analysis of microsatellite loci and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region sequences, and the porpoise's reproductive behaviors are studied. Overall 4 full parentage assignments and additional 3.single parentage assignments were determined for the population of 2.0}individuals. The analysis shows that their estimated reproductive cycle is shorter than that reported previously and there probably exists an overlapping between gestation and lactation period. The study also shows that the female does not show fidelity to a particular male for breeding and vice versa, the oldest males did not monopolize mating and the dominance rank could not be so strict for the porpoise society. Moreover, the porpoise's mating pattern and relatedness among candidate parents are discussed here. These results provide important information for making guidelines of management and conservation for this protected population.

关键词： Yangtze finless porpoise isolated population reproductive behavior parentage

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Optimization of mathematical models for thematic maps

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Science China(Technological sciences) 2010年第S1期53卷 15-24页

作者： QI QingWen1,ZHANG An1,JIANG LiLi1,ZOU XiuPing2.XU Li3.& CHENG Xi1,4 1 Institute of Geographical sciences and Natural Resources Research,{2. {2. of sciences,beijing 100101,China 2.Institute of Policy and Management,{2. {2. of sciences,beijing 100080,China 3.Taishan university,Taian 2.102.,China 4 {12. university of {2. {2. of sciences,beijing 100049,China Institute of Geographical sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Institute of Policy and Management Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Taishan university Taian China graduate university of {2. {3. of sciences Beijing China

The thematic map is a major class of maps designed to demonstrate particular features or concepts,functioning as an indispensable tool in geographical *** process of thematic mapping is one into which geographical research goes deeply and *** key activity and course of thematic map production is the use of mathematical models to create thematic data ***,the selection and optimization of mathematical models is in the forefront of thematic map *** theoretical foundations,mechanisms and methods of mathematical model optimization are expounded in this paper,including two approaches,the phase by phase mode and the multi-aim scheme balance *** studies in eco-environment mapping and emergency mapping are described and analyzed,with a hierarchical analysis method being used in the model optimization for eco-environment fragility and sensitivity assessment mapping in Beibuwan (Guangxi) District,the dynamic system (DS) method being used in the model optimization for ecological security adjustment mapping in Xishuang Banna,Yunnan province,and the multi-phase mode being used in the models for forest fire and infectious diseases mapping.

关键词： thematic map mathematic model optimization

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Biomass estimation and uncertainty analysis based on CBERS-02.CCD camera data and field measurement

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Science China(Technological sciences) 2005年第S2期48卷 116-128页

作者： CHEN Liangfu1,2. GAO Yanhua1,3. CHENG Yu1,3. WEI Zheng1,3. XIAO Qing1,4, LIU Qinhuo1, YU Tao1, LIU Qijing5, GU Xingfa1 & TIAN Guoliang1 1. State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing Applications, chinese academy of {2., {3. 100101, China 2. Geography and Environment College, Jiangxi Normal university, Nanchang 3.002., China 3. graduate university of chinese academy of sciences, beijing 10003., China 4. {3. Research Institute of Uranium Geology, {3. 100875, China 5. Institute of Geographic {2. and Natural Resources Research, chinese academy of {2., {3. 100101, China State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science Institute of Remote Sensing Applications Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Geography and Environment College Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330027 China graduate university Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology Beijing 100875 China Institute of Geographic sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China

The study site is located in Qianyanzhou experimental station and the surrounding area. Based on CBERS-02.satellite data and field measurement, we not only discussed the relationship between NDVI and biomass of two species of coniferous plantations, namely, Pinus massoniana Lamb and Pinus elliottii Engelm, but also introduced the biomass models based on NDVI. The comparison between measured biomass in Qianyanzhou and biomass derived from CBERS-02.CCD data showed that it is feasible to estimate biomass based on NDVI. But its limitations cannot be ignored. This kind of model depends on the dominant vegetation species. There are some effect factors in estimating biomass based on NDVI. This paper analyzes these factors based on fine-resolution CBERS-02.CCD data and some conclusions are drawn: In Qianyanzhou, the area with good vegetation coverage, the nonlinearity of NDVI has little influence on scaling-up of NDVI. As a result of surface heterogeneity, scaling-up can cause NDVI within each pixel to change. Because scaling-up can cause pixel attribute to change, the applicability of biomass model is one of the sources of error in estimating biomass.

关键词： NDVI biomass scaling effect scaling-up.

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Birthrates and delay times of Type Ia supernovae

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2010年第3期53卷 586-590页

作者： WANG Bo1,2.3. LIU ZhengWei1,2.3. HAN YunKun1,2.3. LEI ZhenXin1,2.3. LUO YangPing1,2.3.& HAN ZhanWen1,2.1National Astronomical Observatories/Yunnan Observatory, chinese academy of {2., Kunming 650011, China 2.ey Laboratory for the Structure and Evolution of Celestial Objects, chinese academy of {2., Kunming 650011, China 3.6} {12. of chinese academy of {2., beijing 100049, China National Astronomical Observatories/Yunnan Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China Key Laboratory for the Structure and Evolution of Celestial Objects Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China graduate university of {2. {3. of sciences Beijing China

Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) play an important role in diverse areas of astrophysics, from the chemical evolution of galaxies to observational cosmology. However, the nature of the progenitors of SNe Ia is still unclear. In this paper, according to a detailed binary population synthesis study, we obtained SN Ia birthrates and delay times from different progenitor models, and compared them with observations. We find that the Galactic SN Ia birthrate from the double-degenerate (DD) model is close to those inferred from observations, while the birthrate from the single-degenerate (SD) model accounts for only about 1/2.2.3.of the observations. If a single starburst is assumed, the distribution of the delay times of SNe Ia from the SD model is a weak bimodality, where the WD + He channel contributes to the SNe Ia with delay times shorter than 100 Myr, and the WD + MS and WD + RG channels to those with age longer than 1 Gyr.

关键词： binaries: close stars: evolution supernovae: general white dwarfs

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Quaternary marine transgressions in eastern China

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2012年第2期1卷 105-125页

作者： Lin Jingxing1, 3. Dai Luping2. 3.1. Institute of Geology, {2. academy of Geological {2.,{3., China 2. Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental {2., Institute of Oceanology, {2. academy of {2., Qingdao 2.6071, China 3. College of Earth Science, graduate {12. of {2. academy of {2., {13. 100049, China Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100037 China College of Earth Science Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental sciences Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao 266071 China

Based on the data from 117 holes (9151 samples) and the research on ecology and palaeoecology of Foraminifera combined with that on Ostracoda, diatoms, pollen and spores, eight marine transgressions have been recognized in the great plain regions through the Quaternary sequences and two marine transgressions have been found since the Late Pleistocene in the coastal plain (bedrock coast) areas. In the North China Plain, these are in ascending order:the Bohai transgression in the Early Pleistocene, the Haixing and Huanghua transgressions in the Middle Pleistocene, the Baiyangdian and Cangzhou transgressions in the Late Pleistocene, and the Tianjin transgression in the Holocene. In the Yangtze River Delta region the Rugao and Zhoupu transgressions occurred in the Early Pleistocene, the Shanghai, Jiading, and Wangdian transgressions in the Middle Pleistocene, the Jiangyin and Ge Hu transgressions in the Late Pleistocene, and the Zhenjiang transgression in the Holocene. In the coastal plain (bedrock coast) areas of North China, the Cangzhou transgression was recorded in the Late Pleistocene and the Tianjin transgression in the Holocene, whereas in South China the Fuzhou transgression took place in the Late Pleistocene and the Changle transgression in the Holocene. The transgressions correspond to warm periods and regressions to cold periods. The younger transgressions were not only of shorter duration, but also of larger magnitude. These findings point to the existence of four flood event strata since the Middle Pleistocene: two in the late Middle Pleistocene and another two in the Late Pleistocene.

关键词： Quaternary marine transgressions palaeoclimate eastern China

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