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Inertial theory of the mean Hadley circulation under the condition of nonstatic equilibrium

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Science china Earth Sciences 2006年第5期49卷 546-553页

作者： CHAO Jiping1 & LIU Fei2,3.1. National Marine Environmental Forecasting center, beijing 100081, china 2. Key Laboratory Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100029, china 3. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100049, china 1. National Marine Environmental Forecasting center Beijing 100081 China 2. Key Laboratory Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China 3. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

Tropical atmosphere is divided into two layers, the layer near the ground is the planet boundary layer, where the motion is linear, if the radiation equilibrium temperature is given at the top of the boundary layer, the vertical motion there can be obtained. It is the non-viscous ideal atmos- pheric layer above the boundary one, where the motion is nonlinear. After getting the conservation laws of angular momentum, potential temperature and potential vortex, the inertial theory of the Hadley circulation driven by the vertical motion of the boundary layer is established, followed by sev- eral examples of its application.

关键词： Hadley circulation, inertial theory, conservation laws of angular momentum, potential temperature and potential vortex.

Deformation in the Three Gorges Reservoir after the first impoundment determined by GPS measurements

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2005年第6期15卷 515-522页

作者： DU Ruilin 1,2 , QIAO Xuejun 1,2 *, WANG Qi 1,2 , XING Canfei 1,2 and YOU Xinzhao 1,3.(1. Institute of Seismology, CEA, Wuhan 43.071, china 2. Laboratory of Crustal Movement and Earth Observation, Wuhan 43.071, china 3. center for Analysis and Prediction, CEA, {3. 10003., china) Institute of Seismology CEA Wuhan 430071 China Laboratory of Crustal Movement and Earth Observation Wuhan 430071 China center for Analysis and Prediction CEA Beijing 100036 China

A 6-year long GPS observation (1998—2003. indicates that crustal deformation in the Three Gorges area is less active at a marginally measurable rate of 0—5 mm/a relative to stable South china block. However, the impounding water in June 2003.has induced transient displacement at the Three Gorges dam and the emerging reservoir. GPS measurements after the first stage of water filling of the reservoir demonstrate that vertical subsidence close by Yangtze River is about 10—40 mm, and the horizontal displacement is less than 5—10 mm. The maximum subsidence induced by the impoundment is located in the segment of the reservoir from Maoping to Xiangxi. The water loading-induced deformation diminishes rapidly with the distance from banks of the reservoir. The overall pattern of transient deformation is consistent with the simulation result of Farrell, and is attributed to the elastic response of upper lithosphere crust to overlying water reservoir.

关键词： Three Gorges GPS impoundment deformation.

Integrated precise orbit determination of Shenzhou IV unmanned spacecraft

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2004年第5期47卷 518-525页

作者： L Congmin1,2, GU Yidong3. LIN Baojun3.& GUO Jiong3.1. center for Space Science and Applied Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100080, china 2. Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 10003., china 3. General Establishment of Space Science and Application, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100080, china Correspondence should be addressed to L Congmin 1. center for Space Science and Applied Research Chinese Academy of Sciences 100080 Beijing China 2. Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences 100039 Beijing China 3. General Establishment of Space Science and Application Chinese Academy of Sciences 100080 Beijing China

Considering the characteristic orbit of Shenzhou IV spacecraft and the advantages and disadvantages of several types of domestic orbit measurements, a scheme of IPOD is determined, which uses GPS, SLR and USB observation data jointly plus precise ionosphere corrections to GPS observation data. IPOD system and mathematic models of OD are introduced. The results of different joint OD are analyzed using true observation data, and show that radial accuracy is better than 2 m.

关键词： Shenzhou IV unmanned spacecraft integrated precise orbit determination GPS SLR USB.

Interannual variability of Antarctic Oscillation and its influence on East Asian climate during boreal winter and spring

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Science china Earth Sciences 2006年第5期49卷 554-560页

作者： FAN Ke1,2,3.& WANG Huijun2 1. Nansen-Zhu International Research center, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100029, china 2. Department of Atmospheric Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, china 3. Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100049, china 1. Nansen-Zhu International Research center Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China 2. Department of Atmospheric Science Yunnan University Kunming 650091 China 3. Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

The interannual variability of Antarctic Oscillation (AAO) and its influence on East Asian climate during both boreal winter and spring are addressed. The results show that the positive AAO anomaly decreases the cold activity over East Asia during both boreal winter and spring. AAO-related barotropic meridional teleconnection from Antarctic to Arctic is found through analysis of mean me- ridional circulations. This meridional teleconnection is remarkable over Eurasia during boreal winter and over the Pacific Ocean during boreal spring. The results also show that zonal mean zonal wind at high latitudes in Southern Hemisphere has well positive correlation with that of Eurasia during boreal winter and has negative correlation with Pacific North American teleconnection (PNA) during boreal spring, which again display the meridional teleconnection. Thus, local meridional teleconnection is a possible linkage for interaction of circulations at mid-high latitudes between both hemispheres.

关键词： Antarctic Oscillation, Eurasian west wind, meridional teleconnection, mean meridional circulation.

Radiometric cross-calibration of the CBERS-02 CCD camera with the TERRA MODIS

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2005年第S2期48卷 44-60页

作者： LI Xiaoying1,2,3. GU Xingfa1,3.4, MIN Xiangjun5, YU Tao1,3. FU Qiaoyan5, ZHANG Yong1,2,3.& LI Xiaowen1,3.1. State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Jointly Sponsored by the Institute of Remote Sensing Applications of Chinese Academy of Sciences and beijing Normal University, beijing 100101, china 2. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 10003., china 3. The center for National Spaceborne Demonstration, beijing 100101, china 4. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Climat Sol Environnement, 84914 Avignon, France 5. china center for Resource Satellite Data and Application, beijing 10083., china 1. State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science Jointly Sponsored by the Institute of Remote Sensing Applications of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing Normal University 100101 Beijing China 2. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 100039 Beijing China 3. The center for National Spaceborne Demonstration 100101 Beijing China 4. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Climat Sol Environnement 84914 Avignon France 5. china center for Resource Satellite Data and Application 100830 Beijing China

For the application of the CCD camera, the most important payload on CBERS-02, the key is to provide long-term stable radiometric calibration coefficients. Although the vicarious calibration had been proved successful, it had its limitations such as test site requirement and unsuitable for historical data. Cross-calibration is one of the alternative methods, but it needs synchro surface spectrum to achieve spectral band matching factors. Our effort is to probe the influences on these factors. Simulations with a lot of surface spectrum showed that the factors changed with the viewing geometry, atmospheric condition and surface targets. However, simulating with the same viewing geometry and atmospheric condition, the spectral band matching factors of the same or similar surface targets’ spectrum acquired from different dates and different places would like to be consistent to each other within 1%―5%. Thus, the synchro measurement data can be substituted by the same or similar target from other source. Based on this method, using the MODIS as the reference, the cross-calibration was performed for CCD camera. The research demonstrated that the traditional method with single calibration site was inappropriate for CCD camera, since the offsets for its four spectral bands were not zeros. With four calibration sites, these offsets were obtained. And the camera was detected to degrade with dates based on four times of cross-calibrations.

关键词： CBERS-02 CCD camera cross-calibration the spectral band matching factors.

Exotic structure of the third excited state in^(21)Na

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2005年第23期50卷 2677-2680页

作者： LI Xihan1,2,3. LIANG Yujie1,2,3. DENG Fuguo1,2,3. LIU Zuhua1,4 & ZHOU Hongyu1,2,3.1. Key Laboratory of Beam Technology and Material Modification of Minister of Education, beijing Normal University, beijing 100875, china 2. Institute of Low Energy Nuclear Physics, and Department of Material Science and Engineering, beijing Normal University, beijing 100875, china 3. beijing Radiation center, beijing 100875, china 4. china Institute of Atomic Energy, beijing 102413. china Key Laboratory of Beam Technology and Material Modification of Minister of Education Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Institute of Low Energy Nuclear Physics and Department of Material Science and Engineering Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China beijing Radiation center Beijing 100875 China china Institute of Atomic Energy Beijing 102413 China

The probability of the last proton being out of the binding potential, P and the root-mean-square (rms) ra- dius (1/2= of the third excited state in 21Na are calcu- lated by means of asymptotic normalization coefficient (ANC) method with the experimental date existing. The results are P=54.73. and 1/2=5.28 fm respectively. The P value and the contribution of the asymptotic part to the 1/2 are compared with those of several other low energy states in 21Na. It is found that the valence particle in the third excited state has an obvious larger P than those of other states. The density distribution of the valence proton in this state is also compared with the nucleons in the nuclear core 20Ne, and a far extended tail can be seen clearly. These results show that the third ex- cited state in 21Na is a proton halo state.

关键词：钠第三激发态外部结构有效半径密度分布渐近标准化系数

Reconstruction of precipitation variation from tree rings in recent 1000 years in Delingha, Qinghai

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第7期48卷 939-949页

作者： SHAO Xuemei1, HUANG Lei1, LIU Hongbin2, LIANG Eryuan1, FANG Xiuqi3.& WANG Lili1 1. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100101, china 2. National Climate center, beijing 100081, china 3. beijing Normal University, beijing 100875, china Institute of Geographic Sciences Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China National Climate center Beijing 100081 China beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China

Using seven well-replicated Qilian juniper (Sabina przewalskii Kom.) ring-width chronologies developed at Zongwulong and Shalike Mts. in the northeastern part of the Qaidam Basin annual precipitation from previous July to current June in the recent 1000 years was re- constructed for Delingha. The reconstruction can capture 63.1% of precipitation variance and the equation was stable over time. For the reconstructed precipitation, wet periods occurred in AD1520—163. and 193.—2001, whereas dry intervals in 1429—1519 and 163.—1741. In ad- dition, the magnitude in precipitation variation was lower before 143. with about 15 mm, but it increased to 3. mm during the period of 143. to 1850. After 1850, the precipitation variance de- creased again. In contrast to the increase in temperature, a decrease in annual precipitation was evident since the 1990s. The agreement in low-frequency variation between the reconstruction and the glacier accumulation and particulate content in Dunde ice cores during the recent several hundred years suggested that the precipitation reconstructed in this study was rather reliable, and represented a regional signal. This 1000-year reconstruction could benefit our understanding of climatic variation in decadal to century-scale in this region, and provide basic data to climate models and to prediction of future climate in the 21st century.

关键词： northeastern part of the Qaidam Basin tree-ring width series of Qilian juniper precipitation reconstruction in 1000 years.

Water target based cross-calibration of CBERS-02 CCD camera with MODIS data

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2005年第S2期48卷 61-71页

作者： TANG Junwu1,2, GU Xingfa2, NIU Shengli1, MA Chaofei1 & MIN Xiangjun3.1. National Satellite Ocean Application Service (NSOAS), beijing 100081, china 2. State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, beijing 100010, china 3. china center for Resource Satellite Data and Applications (CRESDA), beijing 100083. china 1. National Satellite Ocean Application Service (NSOAS) 100081 Beijing China 2. State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science 100010 Beijing China 3. china center for Resource Satellite Data and Applications (CRESDA) 100083 Beijing China

In order to make quantitative watercolor sensing with china-Brazil Earth Resources Satellite (CBERS-02) CCD camera, the MODIS data with higher accuracy is used to cross-calibrate the CCD camera over water targets. In homogeneous clear water area, two pairs of images obtained over the same area on the same day by the two sensors are selected. The top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiances of the multispectral bands of CCD are calculated with the water and aerosol parameters from MODIS based on a water-atmosphere radiative transfer algorithm. The stripes in CCD image that caused by unequal response of the CCD array detectors are firstly removed before making the cross-calibration. The same part of CCD detectors is selected for the calibrations in the two images to eliminate the residual error of destriping and uniformity correction for the focus plane irradiance. It is shown that the calibration results from two different images are consistent. The error of this method is about 5%.

关键词： CBERS-02 CCD MODIS radiometric calibration cross-calibration. DOI: 10.13.0/05ze1006

A tentative study for the prediction of the CME related geomagnetic storm intensity and its transit time

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2005年第6期48卷 648-668页

作者： ZHAO Xinhua1,2 & FENG Xueshang1,3.1. SIGMA Weather Group, Key Laboratory of Space Weather, center for Space Science and Applied Re-search, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100080, china 2. Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 10003., china 3. School of Geophysics and Geoinformation Systems, china University of Geosciences, beijing 100083. china 1. SIGMA Weather Group Key Laboratory of Space Weather Center for Space Science and Applied Research Chinese Academy of Sciences 100080 Beijing China 2. Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences 100039 Beijing China 3. School of Geophysics and Geoinformation Systems China University of Geosciences 100083 Beijing China

Using 80 CME-ICME events during 1997.1―2002.9, based on the eruptive source locations of CMEs and solar magnetic field observation at the photosphere, a current sheet magnetic coordinate (CMC) system is established in order to study the propagation of CME and its geoeffectiveness. In context of this coordinate system, the effect of the eruptive source location and the form of heliospheric current sheet (HCS) at the eruptive time of CME on the geomagnetic storm intensity caused by CME and the CME’s transit time at the Earth is investigated in detail. Our preliminary conclusions are: 1) The geomagnetic disturbances caused by CMEs tend to have the so-called “same side-opposite side effect”, i.e. CMEs erupt from the same side of the HCS as the earth would be more likely to arrive at the earth and the geomagnetic disturbances associated with them tend to be of larger magnitude, while CMEs erupting from the opposite side would arrive at the earth with less probability and the corresponding geomagnetic disturbance magnitudes would be relatively weaker. 2) The angular separation between the earth and the HCS affect the corresponding disturbance intensity. That is, when our earth is located near the HCS, adverse space weather events occur most probably. 3. The erupting location of the CME and its nearby form of HCS will also affect its arrival time at the earth. According to these conclusions, in this context of CMC coordinate we arrive at new prediction method for estimating the geomagnetic storm intensity (Dstmin) caused by CMEs and their transit times. The application of the empirical model for 80 CME-ICME events shows that the relative error of Dst is within 3.% for 59% events with Dstmin≤?50 nT, while the averaged absolute error of transit time is lower than 10 h for all events.

关键词： coronal mass ejections, current sheet magnetic coordinate system, geomagnetic storm intensity, transit time, prediction method.