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Radiometric cross-calibration of the CBERS-02 CCD camera with the TERRA MODIS

Science China(Technological Sciences) 2005年第S2期48卷 44-60页

作者： LI Xiaoying1,2,3. GU Xingfa1,3.4, MIN Xiangjun5. YU Tao1,3. FU Qiaoyan5. ZHANG Yong1,2,3.& LI Xiaowen1,3.1. State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Jointly Sponsored by the Institute of Remote Sensing Applications of Chinese Academy of Sciences and {5. Normal University, beijing 100101, China 2. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, {5. 10003., China {3., beijing 100101, China 4. Institut {5. de la Recherche Agronomique, Climat Sol Environnement, 84914 Avignon, France 5. China center for Resource Satellite Data and Application, {5. 10083., China 1. State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science Jointly Sponsored by the Institute of Remote Sensing Applications of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing Normal University 100101 Beijing China 2. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 100039 Beijing China 3. the center for national spaceborne demonstration 100101 Beijing China 4. Institut national de la Recherche Agronomique Climat Sol Environnement 84914 Avignon France 5. China center for Resource Satellite Data and Application 100830 Beijing China

For the application of the CCD camera, the most important payload on CBERS-02, the key is to provide long-term stable radiometric calibration coefficients. Although the vicarious calibration had been proved successful, it had its limitations such as test site requirement and unsuitable for historical data. Cross-calibration is one of the alternative methods, but it needs synchro surface spectrum to achieve spectral band matching factors. Our effort is to probe the influences on these factors. Simulations with a lot of surface spectrum showed that the factors changed with the viewing geometry, atmospheric condition and surface targets. However, simulating with the same viewing geometry and atmospheric condition, the spectral band matching factors of the same or similar surface targets’ spectrum acquired from different dates and different places would like to be consistent to each other within 1%―5.. Thus, the synchro measurement data can be substituted by the same or similar target from other source. Based on this method, using the MODIS as the reference, the cross-calibration was performed for CCD camera. The research demonstrated that the traditional method with single calibration site was inappropriate for CCD camera, since the offsets for its four spectral bands were not zeros. With four calibration sites, these offsets were obtained. And the camera was detected to degrade with dates based on four times of cross-calibrations.

关键词： CBERS-02 CCD camera cross-calibration the spectral band matching factors.

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Absolute radiometric calibration of CBERS-02 IRMSS thermal band

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2005年第S2期48卷 72-90页

作者： ZHANG Yong1,2,3. GU Xingfa1,3.4, YU Tao1,3. ZHANG Yuxiang5. CHEN Liangfu1,3. LI Xiaoying1,2,3. LI Xiaowen1,3.& HE Liming6 1. State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Jointly Sponsored by the Institute of Remote Sensing Applications of Chinese Academy of Sciences and beijing Normal University, beijing 100101, China 2. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 10003., China {3., beijing 100101, China 4. Institut {5. de la Recherche Agronomique, Climat Sol Environnement, 84914 Avignon, France 5. {5. Satellite Meteorological center, beijing 100081, China 6. State Environmental Protection Administration, beijing 100029, China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Remote Sensing Applicat State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci Beijing 100101 Peoples R China beijing Normal Univ State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci Beijing 100101 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Grad Univ Beijing 100039 Peoples R China Ctr Natl spaceborne Demonstrat Beijing 100101 Peoples R China INRA F-84914 Avignon France Natl Satellite Meteorol Ctr Beijing 100081 Peoples R China State Environm Protect Adm Beijing 100029 Peoples R China

Based on the laboratory calibration before launch of CBERS-02 IRMSS thermal infrared channel, the onboard blackbody calibration, the radiometric cross- calibration against TERRA MODIS corresponding channel and the in-flight field calibration at Lake Qinghai: water surface radiometric calibration test site of China on Aug. 17, 2004 are carried out in this research. When making onboard blackbody calibration of CBERS-02 IRMSS, it is necessary to understand inside structures and light path in IRMSS camera and receive and process calibration blackbody signals at normal and high temperatures. Onboard blackbody calibration results of each detector are very important to relative radiometric calibration of images processing and absolute radiometric calibration of each detector. In-flight field calibration mainly contains field experiments, obtaining synchronous images, spectrum marching and MODTRAN radiative transmi- ssion computation. Radiometric cross-calibration of CBERS-02 IRMSS thermal band against TERRA MODIS selected 6 times synchronous images of two sensors passing through Lake Qinghai and Lake Taihu from August to December, 2004 to compute the cross calibration data. Combining the in-flight field calibration and radiometric cross calibration data, the absolute radiometric calibration coefficients are calculated by the linear regression method. This new calibration model can obviously control the radiometric calibration uncertainties aroused by the single point method used in the in-flight calibration of CBERS-02 IRMSS, this kind of sensors cannot receive the cosmic background radiation. In this research, the radiometric calibration coefficients obtained through the linear regression model are 8.5.0}(gain, unit: DN/W m?2sr?1μm?1) and 44.92 (offset, unit: DN).

关键词： CBERS-02 IRMSS thermal band in-flight field calibration onboard blackbody calibration cross calibration.

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The quantification of remote sensing

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2005年第S2期48卷 1-11页

作者： GU Xingfa1,2,3.TIAN Guoliang1,2, LI Xiaowen1,2 & GUO Jianning4 1. State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Jointly Sponsored by the Institute of Remote Sensing Applications of Chinese Academy of Sciences and beijing Normal University, beijing 100101, China 2. The center for {3. {5. {5., beijing 100101, China 3. Institut {3. de la Recherche Agronomique, Climat Sol Environnement, 84914 Avignon, France 4. China center for Resource Satellite Data and Application, beijing 10083., China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Remote Sensing Applicat State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci Beijing 100101 Peoples R China beijing Normal Univ State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci Beijing 100101 Peoples R China Ctr Natl spaceborne Demonstrat Beijing 100101 Peoples R China Inst Natl Rech Agron F-84914 Avignon France China Ctr Resource Satellite Data & Applicat Beijing 100830 Peoples R China

The paper firstly defined the remote sensing information quantification, analyzed the necessity of developing remote sensing quantification, figured out the application guidelines requirement, and pointed out the importance of quantification research. Then taking the remote sensing application research of CBERS-02 data quantification as the example, the paper described the whole quantification system of “remotely sensed digital signal-radiation information-field parameter inversion”. Finally the paper gave the prospect for the development trend of the quantitative remote sensing.

关键词： remote sensing information quantification CBERS-02 radiometric calibration surface parame- ter reversion.

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In flight MTF monitoring and compensation for CCD camera on CBERS-02

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2005年第S2期48卷 29-43页

作者： GU Xingfa1,2,3. LI Xiaoying1,2,4, MIN Xiangjun5. YU Tao1,2, SUN Jijuan5. ZENG Yong1,2,4, XU Hua1,2 & GUO Ding2,6 1. State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Jointly Sponsored by the Institute of Remote Sensing Applications of Chinese Academy of Sciences and beijing Normal University, beijing 100101, China 2. The center for {3. {5. {5., beijing 100101, China 3. Institut {3. de la Recherche Agronomique, Climat Sol Environnement, 84914 Avignon, France 4. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 10003., China 5. China center for Resource Satellite Data and Application, beijing 10083., China 6. University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 61005., China State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science Jointly Sponsored by the Institute of Remote Sensing Applications of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing Normal University 100101 Beijing China The center for national spaceborne {3. 100101 Beijing China Institut national de la Recherche Agronomique Climat Sol Environnement 84914 Avignon France Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 100039 Beijing China China center for Resource Satellite Data and Application 100830 Beijing China University of Electronic Science and Technology of China 610054 Chengdu China

In this article, the approach of simulating ideal tarp scene was proposed to determine the MTF for CCD camera on CBERS-02. The MTF acquired from this technique was compared to those from some common methods. MTFs achieved from different approaches were employed to compensate the CCD images based on three restoration algorithms: the iterative method, the Wiener filter and the modified inverse filter (MIF). The two-dimensional MTF was established with the value at frequency 0.5.for 45. directional MTF as the value at its four corners. This article addressed the variations of the restored CCD images with different techniques of constructing two-dimensional MTF, restoring algorithms and determining the in-flight MTFs. Results showed images restored with the MTF determined from the technique of simulating ideal tarp scene represent the real scene best. And the restoration technique based on the MIF would produce better restored images than the other two techniques. This research also demonstrated that the two-dimensional MTF used for restoration should be interpolated under the control of the MTF for 45. axis, rather than by multiplying the cross-orbit MTF with along-orbit MTF.

关键词： CBERS-02 CCD MTF the technique of simulating ideal tarp scene.

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Comparison of the influence factors on NDVI for CCD camera and WFI imager on CBERS-02

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2005年第S2期48卷 100-115页

作者： YU Tao1,3. LI Xiaoying1,2,3. ZHANG Yong1,2,3. ZHAO Feng1,2,3. GU Xingfa1,3.4, ZHU Li1,2,3. WANG Pengxin5.& MIN Xiangjun6 1. State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science Institute of Remote Sensing Application, CAS, Bei- jing 100101, China 2. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 10003., China 3. the center for national spaceborne demonstration,{3., China 4. Institut national de la Recherche Agronomique, Climat Sol Environnement, 84914 Avignon, France 5. College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, beijing 100083. China 6. China center for Resource Satellite Data and Application, beijing 10083., China 1. State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science Institute of Remote Sensing Application CAS 100101 Beijing China 2. The center for national spaceborne {3. 100101 Beijing China 3. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 100039 Beijing China 4. Institut national de la Recherche Agronomique Climat Sol Environnent 84914 Avignon France 5. College of Information and Electrical Engineering China Agricultural University 100083 Beijing China 6. China center for Resource Satellite Data and Application 100830 Beijing China

CCD and WFI are payloads in the visible light and near infrared bands on CBERS satellites and they have not been applied widely, especially WFI. This article mainly probes into the potential of these two sensors’ application in the vegetation monitoring and analyses the influences of radiometric calibration, atmosphere conditions and sun-observing geometry, etc. on NDVI obtained from these two sensors respectively. In addition it analyses the effect of the spectral response difference of red and near infrared spectral bands in CCD and WFI sensors on NDVI. Results indicate that radiometric calibration is the most important factor on NDVI, which cannot be applied to vegetation monitoring without radiometric calibration. Results also demonstrate that near surface NDVI is different greatly from that of TOA which change with atmosphere conditions. The study shows that NDVI is also affected by the non-lambertian character of surface and the change of the atmospheric path with the observing geometry. And NDVI of WFI is higher than that of CCD. They are very different because of their spectral difference, but they have a good linear relevant relationship.

关键词： CCD WFI NDVI LAI.

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局部晚期非小细胞肺癌放疗靶区勾画和计划设计指南

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中华放射肿瘤学杂志 2024年第10期33卷 877-892页

作者：国家癌症中心/国家肿瘤质控中心朱广迎毕楠不详中日友好医院放射肿瘤科北京100029 国家癌症中心/国家肿瘤临床医学研究中心/中国医学科学院北京协和医学院肿瘤医院放疗科北京100021

局部晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)占所有NSCLC患者总数的1/3.包括ⅢA期(可手术切除和不可手术切除)、ⅢB期、ⅢC期患者。放射治疗是局部晚期NSCLC的主要治疗之一。对于不可切除局部晚期NSCLC,以放疗为基础的综合治疗使得患者5.生存率达到42... 详细信息

局部晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)占所有NSCLC患者总数的1/3.包括ⅢA期(可手术切除和不可手术切除)、ⅢB期、ⅢC期患者。放射治疗是局部晚期NSCLC的主要治疗之一。对于不可切除局部晚期NSCLC,以放疗为基础的综合治疗使得患者5.生存率达到42.9%。对于可切除ⅢA期患者,放疗的价值受到挑战,但多项回顾性研究和真实世界研究的部分高危患者依然可以从术后放疗中获益,提高生存率。整体上该期患者由于异质性较大,预后的个体差异较大。中国不同放射治疗中心的NSCLC诊疗常规、靶区勾画规范、计划设计规范仍有较大差异,医生、物理师的具体工作标准也可能存在差异。精准靶区勾画是放疗获益的重要前提,为了促进肺癌临床放疗的规范化、便于开展多中心临床研究,国家肿瘤质控中心参考国内外已发布的相关标准制定此精准放疗技术下局部晚期NSCLC根治性同步放化疗和术后放疗路径、适应证、靶区勾画和计划评价指南,旨在为国内各放疗单位提供参考。

关键词：癌,非小细胞肺局部晚期术后放射疗法靶区勾画计划设计

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Lithosphere types in North China:Evidence from geology and geophysics

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Science China Earth Sciences 2005年第11期48卷 1809-1827页

作者： QIU Ruizhao1,2, DENG Jinfu3. ZHOU Su3. LI Jinfa4, XIAO Qinghui1,5. WU Zongxu6 & LIU Cui3.1. Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, beijing 10003., China 2. Development and Research {5., China Geological Survey, beijing 10003., China 3. China University of Geosciences, beijing 100083. China 4. China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 43.074, China 5. Information {5. of Ministry of Land and Resources, beijing 100812, China 6. Institute of Geology, State Seismological Bureau, beijing 100029, China 1. Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences 100037 Beijing China 2. Development and Research center China Geological Survey 100037 Beijing China 3. China University of Geosciences 100083 Beijing China 4. China University of Geosciences 430074 Wuhan China 5. Information center of Ministry of Land and Resources 100812 Beijing China 6. Institute of Geology State Seismological Bureau 100029 Beijing China

On the basis of the characteristics of geology and geophysics in North China, three types of lithosphere, namely, the cratonic, the orogenic and the rift lithospheres can be classified. In terms of petrological method (based on the information from Precambrian rock assemblages, igneous activities, deep-seated enclaves, etc.) and the relationship between seismic velocity and rock compositions, the crust-mantle petrological and chemical structure models can be set up. Researching results indicate that the geology and geophysics of North China platform bears the similar characteristics in comparison with those of the global typical cratons. The Eerduosi(Ordos) block located in the west of the North China Platform is a remnant of cratonic lithosphere after the North China platform had undergone “activation” in Mesozoic and “reconstruction” in Cenozoic times. The continental crust consists mainly of TTG rock assemblage while the subcontinental lithosphere mantle mainly consists of strongly depleted harzburgite. The craton was finally formed in late Archaean and early Proterozoic, and has been kept in stability up to present; its crustal-mantle petrological structures of lithosphere can be set up as a reference for the study of North China craton and even Sino-Korean craton. In the Mesozoic period, the middle and east areas of North China platform were activated in the Yanshanian orogenic process, the continental crust was reformed by material and heat-transfer of convective mantle and the original crustal TTG component was reconstructed to be granitic crust, and the subcontinental lithosphere man- tle was replaced by the Yanshanian harzburgite-lherzolite. The Yanshan-Taihang Mountains were the remnants of orogenic lithosphere after the rifting in eastern North China in Cenozoic. The present thickness of continental crust and lithosphere in the Yanshan-Taihang Mountains is not equal to their thickness during the Yanshanian orogenic movement because they had undergone the

关键词： lithospheric types,evidence of geology and geophysics,crust-mantle petrological structure,deep process

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Southeastern extension of the Red River fault zone (RRFZ) and its tectonic evolution significance in western South China Sea

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Science China Earth Sciences 2006年第8期49卷 839-850页

作者： LIU Baoming1,2,3. XIA Bin1, LI Xuxuan1,3. ZHANG Minqiang1,3. NIU Binhua2, ZHONG Lifeng1, JIN Qinghuan1,4 & JI Shaocheng1,5.1. Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 5.0640, China 2. China University of Geosciences (beijing), beijing 100083. China 3. Research center of Science & Technology Department, CNOOC, beijing 100027, China 4. Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, Ministry of Land & Resources, Guangzhou 5.0075. China 5. Ecole Polytechnique Montreal, H3.3.7, Canada 1. Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology and Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510640 China 2. China University of Geosciences (beijing) Beijing 100083 China 3. Research center of Science & Technology Department CNOOC Beijing 100027 China 4. Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey Ministry of Land & Resources Guangzhou 510075 China 5. Ecole Polytechnique Montreal H3C3A7 Canada

Recent geophysical surveys and basin modeling suggest that the No.1 fault in the Ying- gehai basin (YGHB) is the seaward elongation of the Red River fault zone (RRFZ) in the South China Sea (SCS). The RRFZ, which separates the South China and Indochina block, extends first along the Yuedong fault, offshore of Vietnam, and then continues southward and breaks off into two branches: the Lupar fault and the Tinjia fault. The southern extension of the Lupar fault dies out beneath the NW Borneo while the Tinjia fault extends southeast and reaches the Brunei-Sabah area. According to the gravity and geomagnetic data, and the tectonic evolution of the basins, there are different evolution histories between the Wan’an basin (WAB) and the basins in the Nansha block. The Tinjia fault may be the boundary between the Balingian block and the Nansha block. Hence, the line linking the Yue- dong fault and the Tinjia fault, which both are continental margin faults and strike-slip ones in the geological evolution histories, constitute the boundary between the Indochina and Nansha block. The Lupar fault, in contrast, is an intraplate fault within the Indochina block. The results provide new hints for reconstructing the tectonic evolution history of the RRFZ and the opening of the SCS, and also a framework for hydrocarbon prospecting in the region.

关键词： Red River fault zone, tectonic evolution, fault, extension, western South China Sea.

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Sea-salt aerosol transport patterns over the Northern Hemisphere inferred from two subarctic ice core records

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Science China Earth Sciences 2005年第4期48卷 576-584页

作者： YAN Yuping1,2, KANG Shichang2,3.5. SUN Junying4,5. Paul A. Mayewski2 & QIN Dahe5.1. national Climate center, China Meteorological Administration, beijing 100081, China 2. Climate Change Institute, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA 3. Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100085. China 4. Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, beijing 100081, China 5. Key Laboratory of Ice Core and Cold Regions Environment, Cold and Arid Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 73.000, China 1. national Climate center China Meteorological Administration 100081 Beijing China 2. Climate Change Institute University of Maine 04469 Orono ME USA 3. Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences 100085 Beijing China 4. Key Laboratory of Ice Core and Cold Regions Environment Cold and Arid Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences 730000 Lanzhou China 5. Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences 100081 Beijing China

Atmospheric circulation reconstruction based on glaciochemical records requires knowledge of chemical concentration controls, such as source, transport pathway and strength. To gain insight into these processes, the relationships between glaciochemical records from two Northern Hemisphere sites (Mt. Logan in Yukon Territory and 20D in southern Greenland) and instrumental sea level pressure (SLP) series are investigated. Calibrations between Mt. Logan sea-salt sodium (ssNa+) concentration and SLP series show that ssNa+ concentrations are closely correlated with the autumntime (SON) Aleutian Low and the summertime (JJA) North Pacific Subtropical High. Both the deepened Aleutian Low and enhanced North Pacific Sub- tropical High strengthen the transport of sea-salt aerosols from the North Pacific to the Mt. Logan region. Calibrations between 20D ssNa+ concentrations and SLP series indicate that ssNa+ concentrations are closely related to the wintertime (Jan.) Icelandic Low. A deepening of the Icelandic Low strengthens winter storms and frequent cyclogenesis over the North Atlantic and pushes more sea-salt laden air masses to the Greenland ice sheet. Therefore, ice core ssNa+ records from the Mt. Logan region can be considered as a proxy for reconstructing the au- tumntime Aleutian Low and summertime North Pacific Subtropical High, and the ssNa+ records from Greenland ice core (20D) may provide a proxy for reconstructing the wintertime Icelandic Low.

关键词： sea-salt aerosol, ice core records, sea level pressure, subarctic regions.

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fMRI time series analysis based on stationary wavelet and spectrum analysis

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2006年第11期16卷 1171-1176页

作者： ZHI Lianhe~ 1,2,3., ZHAO Xia~4, SHAN Baoci~1**, PENG Silong~5. YAN Qiang~1, YUAN Xiuli~1 and TANG Xiaowei~ 1,6 (1. Key Laboratory of Nuclear Analysis Techniques, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100049, China 2. Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100049, China 3. Department of Physics, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466100, China 4. Research Imaging center, University of Texas Health Science center, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA 5. national ASIC Design and Engineering center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100049, China 6. Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 3.0027, China) [a]Key Laboratory of Nuclear Analysis Techniques Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China [b]Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China [c]Department of Physics Zhoukou Normal University Zhoukou China [d]Research Imaging center University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio Texas USA [e]national ASIC Design and Engineering center Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China [f]Department of Physics Zhejiang University Hangzhou China

The low signal to noise ratio (SNR) of functional MRI (fMRI) prefers more sensitive data analysis methods. Based on stationary wavelet transform and spectrum analysis, a new method with high detective sensitivity was developed for analyzing fMRI time series, which does not require any prior assumption of the characteristics of noises. In the proposed method, every component of fMRI time series in the different time-frequency scales of stationary wavelet transform was discerned by the spectrum analysis, then the components from noises were removed using the stationary wavelet transform, finally the components of real brain activation were detected by cross-correlation analysis. The results obtained from both simulated and in vivo visual experiments illustrated that the proposed method has much higher sensitivity than the traditional cross-correlation method.

关键词： fMRI stationary wavelet transform spectrum analysis data analysis.

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