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Absolute radiometric calibration of CBERS-02 IRMSS thermal band

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2005年第S2期48卷 72-90页

作者： ZHANG Yong1,2,3. GU Xingfa1,3.4, YU Tao1,3. ZHANG Yuxiang5, CHEN Liangfu1,3. LI Xiaoying1,2,3. LI Xiaowen1,3.& HE Liming6 1. State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Jointly Sponsored by the Institute of Remote Sensing Applications of Chinese Academy of Sciences and beijing Normal University, beijing 1.01.1. China 2. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 10003., China 3. the center for national spaceborne demonstration, beijing 1.01.1. China 4. Institut national de la Recherche Agronomique, Climat Sol Environnement, 84914 Avignon, France 5. national Satellite Meteorological center, beijing 100081, China 6. State Environmental Protection Administration, beijing 100029, China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Remote Sensing Applicat State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci Beijing 100101 Peoples R China beijing Normal Univ State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci Beijing 100101 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Grad Univ Beijing 100039 Peoples R China Ctr Natl spaceborne Demonstrat Beijing 100101 Peoples R China INRA F-84914 Avignon France Natl Satellite Meteorol Ctr Beijing 100081 Peoples R China State Environm Protect Adm Beijing 100029 Peoples R China

Based on the laboratory calibration before launch of CBERS-02 IRMSS thermal infrared channel, the onboard blackbody calibration, the radiometric cross- calibration against TERRA MODIS corresponding channel and the in-flight field calibration at Lake Qinghai: water surface radiometric calibration test site of China on Aug. 1., 2004 are carried out in this research. When making onboard blackbody calibration of CBERS-02 IRMSS, it is necessary to understand inside structures and light path in IRMSS camera and receive and process calibration blackbody signals at normal and high temperatures. Onboard blackbody calibration results of each detector are very important to relative radiometric calibration of images processing and absolute radiometric calibration of each detector. In-flight field calibration mainly contains field experiments, obtaining synchronous images, spectrum marching and MODTRAN radiative transmi- ssion computation. Radiometric cross-calibration of CBERS-02 IRMSS thermal band against TERRA MODIS selected 6 times synchronous images of two sensors passing through Lake Qinghai and Lake Taihu from August to December, 2004 to compute the cross calibration data. Combining the in-flight field calibration and radiometric cross calibration data, the absolute radiometric calibration coefficients are calculated by the linear regression method. This new calibration model can obviously control the radiometric calibration uncertainties aroused by the single point method used in the in-flight calibration of CBERS-02 IRMSS, this kind of sensors cannot receive the cosmic background radiation. In this research, the radiometric calibration coefficients obtained through the linear regression model are 8.53.(gain, unit: DN/W m?2sr?1.m?1. and 44.92 (offset, unit: DN).

关键词： CBERS-02 IRMSS thermal band in-flight field calibration onboard blackbody calibration cross calibration.

A preliminary study on seismic design criteria of offshore platforms in Bohai Sea of China

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2010年第2期9卷 223-231页

作者： Peng Yanju1.Lu Yuejun1.Yan Jiaquan2,Tang Rongyu1.Wang Junqin3.and Li Jiagang3.1. Institute of Crustal Dynamics,China Earthquake Administration,beijing 1.0085,China 2. Institute of Geophysics,China Earthquake Administration,beijing 1.0081.China 3. beijing Research {3. of China national Offshore Oil Corp.,beijing 1.0027,China Institute of Crustal Dynamics China Earthquake Administration Beijing 100085 China

This paper analyzes the seismicity in Bohai Sea,introducing a shape factor K to characterize the seismic risk distribution in sub-regions of the sea. Based on the seismic design ground motions for 46 platforms located in the Bohai Sea,a statistical analysis was performed for different peak ground acceleration (PGA) ratios at two different probability levels. In accordance with the two-stage design method,a scheme of two seismic design levels is proposed,and two seismic design objectives are established respectively for the strength level earthquake and the ductility level earthquake. By analogy with and comparison to the Chinese seismic design code for buildings,it is proposed that the probability level for the strength level earthquake and ductility level earthquake have a return period of 200 and 1.00 - 2500 years,respectively. The validity of these proposed values is discussed. Finally,the PGAs corresponding to these two probability levels are calculated for different sub-regions of the Bohai Sea.

关键词： fixed offshore platform seismic design level seismic design objective return period Bohai Sea

Radiometric cross-calibration of the CBERS-02 CCD camera with the TERRA MODIS

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2005年第S2期48卷 44-60页

作者： LI Xiaoying1,2,3. GU Xingfa1,3.4, MIN Xiangjun5, YU Tao1,3. FU Qiaoyan5, ZHANG Yong1,2,3.& LI Xiaowen1,3.1. State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Jointly Sponsored by the Institute of Remote Sensing Applications of Chinese Academy of Sciences and beijing Normal University, beijing 1.01.1. China 2. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 10003., China 3. the center for national spaceborne demonstration, beijing 1.01.1. China 4. Institut national de la Recherche Agronomique, Climat Sol Environnement, 84914 Avignon, France 5. China center for Resource Satellite Data and Application, beijing 10083., China 1. State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science Jointly Sponsored by the Institute of Remote Sensing Applications of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing Normal University 100101 Beijing China 2. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 100039 Beijing China 3. the center for national spaceborne demonstration 100101 Beijing China 4. Institut national de la Recherche Agronomique Climat Sol Environnement 84914 Avignon France 5. China center for Resource Satellite Data and Application 100830 Beijing China

For the application of the CCD camera, the most important payload on CBERS-02, the key is to provide long-term stable radiometric calibration coefficients. Although the vicarious calibration had been proved successful, it had its limitations such as test site requirement and unsuitable for historical data. Cross-calibration is one of the alternative methods, but it needs synchro surface spectrum to achieve spectral band matching factors. Our effort is to probe the influences on these factors. Simulations with a lot of surface spectrum showed that the factors changed with the viewing geometry, atmospheric condition and surface targets. However, simulating with the same viewing geometry and atmospheric condition, the spectral band matching factors of the same or similar surface targets’ spectrum acquired from different dates and different places would like to be consistent to each other within 1.―5%. Thus, the synchro measurement data can be substituted by the same or similar target from other source. Based on this method, using the MODIS as the reference, the cross-calibration was performed for CCD camera. The research demonstrated that the traditional method with single calibration site was inappropriate for CCD camera, since the offsets for its four spectral bands were not zeros. With four calibration sites, these offsets were obtained. And the camera was detected to degrade with dates based on four times of cross-calibrations.

关键词： CBERS-02 CCD camera cross-calibration the spectral band matching factors.

Reconstruction of precipitation variation from tree rings in recent 1.00 years in Delingha, Qinghai

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Science China Earth Sciences 2005年第7期48卷 939-949页

作者： SHAO Xuemei1. HUANG Lei1. LIU Hongbin2, LIANG Eryuan1. FANG Xiuqi3.& WANG Lili1.1. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, {1. 1.01.1. China 2. national Climate {3., {1. 1.0081. China 3. {1. Normal University, {1. 1.0875, China Institute of Geographic Sciences Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China national Climate {1. Beijing 100081 China beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China

Using seven well-replicated Qilian juniper (Sabina przewalskii Kom.) ring-width chronologies developed at Zongwulong and Shalike Mts. in the northeastern part of the Qaidam Basin annual precipitation from previous July to current June in the recent 1.00 years was re- constructed for Delingha. The reconstruction can capture 63.1. of precipitation variance and the equation was stable over time. For the reconstructed precipitation, wet periods occurred in AD1.20—1.3. and 1.3.—2001. whereas dry intervals in 1.29—1.1. and 1.3.—1.41. In ad- dition, the magnitude in precipitation variation was lower before 1.3. with about 1. mm, but it increased to 3. mm during the period of 1.3. to 1.50. After 1.50, the precipitation variance de- creased again. In contrast to the increase in temperature, a decrease in annual precipitation was evident since the 1.90s. The agreement in low-frequency variation between the reconstruction and the glacier accumulation and particulate content in Dunde ice cores during the recent several hundred years suggested that the precipitation reconstructed in this study was rather reliable, and represented a regional signal. This 1.00-year reconstruction could benefit our understanding of climatic variation in decadal to century-scale in this region, and provide basic data to climate models and to prediction of future climate in the 21.t century.

关键词： northeastern part of the Qaidam Basin tree-ring width series of Qilian juniper precipitation reconstruction in 1.00 years.

Inertial theory of the mean Hadley circulation under the condition of nonstatic equilibrium

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Science China Earth Sciences 2006年第5期49卷 546-553页

作者： CHAO Jiping1.& LIU Fei2,3.1. {1. Marine Environmental Forecasting center, beijing 1.0081. China 2. Key Laboratory Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 1.0029, China 3. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 1.0049, China 1. national Marine Environmental Forecasting {1. Beijing 100081 China 2. Key Laboratory Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China 3. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

Tropical atmosphere is divided into two layers, the layer near the ground is the planet boundary layer, where the motion is linear, if the radiation equilibrium temperature is given at the top of the boundary layer, the vertical motion there can be obtained. It is the non-viscous ideal atmos- pheric layer above the boundary one, where the motion is nonlinear. After getting the conservation laws of angular momentum, potential temperature and potential vortex, the inertial theory of the Hadley circulation driven by the vertical motion of the boundary layer is established, followed by sev- eral examples of its application.

关键词： Hadley circulation, inertial theory, conservation laws of angular momentum, potential temperature and potential vortex.

Water target based cross-calibration of CBERS-02 CCD camera with MODIS data

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2005年第S2期48卷 61-71页

作者： TANG Junwu1.2, GU Xingfa2, NIU Shengli1. MA Chaofei1.& MIN Xiangjun3.1. {1. Satellite Ocean Application Service (NSOAS), beijing 1.0081. China 2. State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, beijing 1.001., China 3. China {3. for Resource Satellite Data and Applications (CRESDA), beijing 1.0083. China 1. national Satellite Ocean Application Service (NSOAS) 100081 Beijing China 2. State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science 100010 Beijing China 3. China {1. for Resource Satellite Data and Applications (CRESDA) 100083 Beijing China

In order to make quantitative watercolor sensing with China-Brazil Earth Resources Satellite (CBERS-02) CCD camera, the MODIS data with higher accuracy is used to cross-calibrate the CCD camera over water targets. In homogeneous clear water area, two pairs of images obtained over the same area on the same day by the two sensors are selected. The top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiances of the multispectral bands of CCD are calculated with the water and aerosol parameters from MODIS based on a water-atmosphere radiative transfer algorithm. The stripes in CCD image that caused by unequal response of the CCD array detectors are firstly removed before making the cross-calibration. The same part of CCD detectors is selected for the calibrations in the two images to eliminate the residual error of destriping and uniformity correction for the focus plane irradiance. It is shown that the calibration results from two different images are consistent. The error of this method is about 5%.

关键词： CBERS-02 CCD MODIS radiometric calibration cross-calibration. DOI: 1..1.0}0/05ze1.06

Numerical simulation of topography effects on the “00.7” severe rainfall in beijing

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2005年第9期15卷 818-826页

作者： ZHANG Chaolin1.*, JI Chongping1. KUO Yinghwa2, FAN Shuiyong1. XUAN Chunyi3.and CHEN Min1.1. Institute of Urban Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, {1. 1.0089, China 2. Mesoscale and Microscale Meteorology Division, national center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 803.7-3.00, USA 3. {1. Meteorological Bureau, {1. 1.0089, China) Institute of Urban Meteorology China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100089 China. Mesoscale and Microscale Meteorology Division National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder CO 80307-3000 USA. beijing Meteorological Bureau Beijing 100089 China

In an effort to study the severe rainfall event of 4—5th July 2000 in beijing (with 24h accumulated precipitation of 240 mm), we perform numerical simulations to investigate this event using the MM5v{1.6 model. The model is initialized with the MM5/WRF {1.VAR analysis, which incorporates the ground-based GPS precipitable water vapor, automatic and conventional meteorological observations in its assimilation step. For 24 h accumulated precipitation forecast, the threat scores are 0.72, 0.76, 0.67 and 0.6{1. for thresholds of 1. 5, 1., and 20 mm, respectively. Holding other factors unchanged, sensitivity experiments were conducted with different topographic resolutions of 1.0, 50 and {1.7 km to investigate the topographic effects on precipitation over the beijing area. In these sensitivity experiments, we attempt to preserve the realistic orographic distribution in the model topography under the condition of keeping the dynamic-thermodynamic consistency of the initial model atmosphere to the extent possible. Results indicate that the unique topographic distribution and variations in the beijing area play an important role in determining the location, distribution and intensity of heavy precipitation.

关键词： topography heavy rainfall 3.VAR ground-based GPS numerical simulation.

Comparison of the influence factors on NDVI for CCD camera and WFI imager on CBERS-02

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2005年第S2期48卷 100-115页

作者： YU Tao1,3. LI Xiaoying1,2,3. ZHANG Yong1,2,3. ZHAO Feng1,2,3. GU Xingfa1,3.4, ZHU Li1,2,3. WANG Pengxin5 & MIN Xiangjun6 1. State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science Institute of Remote Sensing Application, CAS, Bei- jing 1.01.1. China 2. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 10003., China 3. the center for national spaceborne demonstration, beijing 1.01.1. China 4. Institut national de la Recherche Agronomique, Climat Sol Environnement, 84914 Avignon, France 5. College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, beijing 100083. China 6. China center for Resource Satellite Data and Application, beijing 10083., China 1. State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science Institute of Remote Sensing Application CAS 100101 Beijing China 2. The center for {1. spaceborne {3. 100101 Beijing China 3. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 100039 Beijing China 4. Institut national de la Recherche Agronomique Climat Sol Environnent 84914 Avignon France 5. College of Information and Electrical Engineering China Agricultural University 100083 Beijing China 6. China center for Resource Satellite Data and Application 100830 Beijing China

CCD and WFI are payloads in the visible light and near infrared bands on CBERS satellites and they have not been applied widely, especially WFI. This article mainly probes into the potential of these two sensors’ application in the vegetation monitoring and analyses the influences of radiometric calibration, atmosphere conditions and sun-observing geometry, etc. on NDVI obtained from these two sensors respectively. In addition it analyses the effect of the spectral response difference of red and near infrared spectral bands in CCD and WFI sensors on NDVI. Results indicate that radiometric calibration is the most important factor on NDVI, which cannot be applied to vegetation monitoring without radiometric calibration. Results also demonstrate that near surface NDVI is different greatly from that of TOA which change with atmosphere conditions. The study shows that NDVI is also affected by the non-lambertian character of surface and the change of the atmospheric path with the observing geometry. And NDVI of WFI is higher than that of CCD. They are very different because of their spectral difference, but they have a good linear relevant relationship.

关键词： CCD WFI NDVI LAI.

Local and non-local sources of airborne particulate pollution at beijing——The ratio of Mg/Al as an element tracer for estimating the contributions of mineral aerosols from outside beijing

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Science China Chemistry 2005年第3期48卷 253-264页

作者： HAN Lihui1. ZHUANG Guoshun1.2,3. SUN Yele1.& WANG Zifa3.1. The center for Atmospheric Environmental Study, Department of Chemistry, beijing Normal University, beijing 1.0875, China 2. center for Atmospheric Chemistry Study, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 20043., China 3. LAPC/NZC, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, CAS, beijing 1.0029, China 1. The center for Atmospheric Environmental Study Department of Chemistry Beijing Normal University 100875 Beijing China 2. center for Atmospheric Chemistry Study Department of Environmental Science & Engineering Fudan University 200433 Shanghai China 3. Institute of Atmospheric Physics CAS LAPC/NZC 100029 Beijing China

A new element tracer technique has firstly been established to estimate the contri-butions of mineral aerosols from both inside and outside beijing. The ratio of Mg/Al in aerosol is a feasible element tracer to distinguish between the sources of inside and outside beijing. Mineral aerosol, inorganic pollution aerosol mainly as sulfate and nitrate, and organic aerosol are the major components of airborne particulates in beijing, of which mineral aerosol accounted for 3.%―67% of total suspended particles （TSP）, 1.%―70% of fine particles （PM2.5）, and as high as 74% and 90% of TSP and PM2.5, respectively, in dust storm. The sources from outside beijing contributed 62% （3.%―86%） of the total mineral aerosols in TSP, 69% （52%―90%） in PM1., and 76% （59%―93.） in PM2.5 in spring, and 69% （52%―83.）, 79% （52%―93.）, and 45% （7%―79%） in TSP, PM1., and PM2.5, respectively, in winter, while only20% in summer and autumn. The sources from outside beijing contributed as high as 97% during dust storm and were the dominant source of airborne particulates in beijing. The contributions from outside Bei-jing in spring and winter are higher than those in summer, indicating clearly that it was related to the various meteorological factors.

关键词： mineral aerosol local sources non-local sources dust storm re-suspended dust element tracer technique.