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Effect of leachate inoculum on biopretreatment of municipal solid waste by a combined hydrolytic-aerobic process

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2009年第8期21卷 1162-1168页

作者： ZHANG Dongqing, HE Pinjing, SHAO Liming state key laboratory of Pollution Control and {3. Reuse, key laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji university, Shanghai 200092, china. [a]state key laboratory of Pollution Control and {3. Reuse Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China

The biopretreatment of municipal solid waste by a combined hydrolytic-aerobic process has become of great interest for biostabilization or biodrying. The study aimed at investigating the effect of leachate inoculurn on the biopretreatment. During the hydrolytic stage, the inoculum addition at the ratio of leachate to waste （LWR） of 5% and 7% stimulated the start-up of hydrolysis and enhanced the hydrolysis rate by 27.4% and 24.2%, respectively; whereas the inoculation at LWR of 1% had almost no effect on the hydrolysis rate and the inoculation at LWR of 10% reduced the hydrolysis rate by 12.7%. During the subsequent aerobic stage, the inoculations at LWRs greater than 5% decreased organics degradation rate. As a whole, compared with none inoculation, the total degradation rates of organics for inoculating trials at LWRs of 5%, 7% and 10% decreased by 14.5%, 14.3. and 3..7%, respectively. Correspondingly, their net water removal rates were reduced by 4.4%, 5.8% and 19.0%. The inoculation at LWR of 1% could not significantly affect the biopretreatment. The inoculum addition at LWR of 5% and 7% could shorten hydrolytic stage and thus accelerate the whole combined process. Moreover, the inoculations at LWRs greater than 5% were favorable for lignocelluloses degradation.

关键词： biopretreatment hydrolysis-aeration inoculation leachate municipal solid waste

A local f-x Cadzow method for noise reduction of seismic data obtained in complex formations

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Petroleum Science 2011年第3期8卷 269-277页

作者： Yuan Sanyi Wang Shangxu state key laboratory of Petroleum {3. and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China

A noise-reduction method with sliding called the local f-x Cadzow noise-reduction method, windows in the frequency-space （f-x） domain, is presented in this paper. This method is based on the assumption that the signal in each window is linearly predictable in the spatial direction while the random noise is not. For each Toeplitz matrix constructed by constant frequency slice, a singular value decomposition （SVD） is applied to separate signal from noise. To avoid edge artifacts caused by zero percent overlap between windows and to remove more noise, an appropriate overlap is adopted. Besides flat and dipping events, this method can enhance curved and conflicting events. However, it is not suitable for seismic data that contains big spikes or null traces. It is also compared with the SVD, f-x deconvolution, and Cadzow method without windows. The comparison results show that the local Cadzow method performs well in removing random noise and preserving signal. In addition, a real data example proves that it is a potential noise-reduction technique for seismic data obtained in areas of complex formations.

关键词： Cadzow sliding window noise reduction fidelity complex formations Toeplitz matrix,singular value decomposition

Experimental study of dynamic mechanical properties of reactive powder concrete under high-strain-rate impacts

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2010年第9期53卷 2435-2449页

作者： JU Yang1,2,LIU HongBin1,SHENG GuoHua1,3.& WANG HuiJie1 1 state key laboratory of Coal {3. and Safe Mining,Beijing key laboratory of Fracture and Damage Mechanics of Rocks and Concrete,china university of Mining and Technology,Beijing 100083.china 2 Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering,university of Calgary,2500 university Drive,AB T2N 1N4,Canada 3.School of {3. and Civil Engineering,Northeastern university,Shenyang 110004,china 1. state key laboratory of Coal {3. and Safe Mining Beijing Key Laboratory of Fracture and Damage Mechanics of Rocks and Concrete China University of Mining and Technology Beijing 100083 China2. Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering University of Calgary 2500 University Drive AB T2N 1N4 Calgary Canada3. School of Resources and Civil Engineering Northeastern University Shenyang 110004 China

The dynamic mechanical properties of reactive powder concrete subjected to compressive impacts with high strain rates ranging from 10 to 1.1×102 s-1 were investigated by means of SHPB (split-Hopkinson-pressure-bar) tests of the cylindrical specimens with five different steel fiber volumetric *** properties of wave stress transmission,failure,strength,and energy consumption of RPC with varied fiber volumes and impact strain rates were *** influences of impact strain rates and fiber volumes on those properties were characterized as *** general forms of the dynamic stress-strain relationships of RPC were modeled based on the experimental *** investigations indicate that for the plain RPC the stress response is greater than the strain response,showing strong brittle *** RPC with a certain volume of fibers sustains higher strain rate impact and exhibits better deformability as compared with the plain *** a constant fiber fraction,the peak compressive strength,corresponding peak strain and the residual strain of the fiber-reinforced RPC rise by varying amounts when the impact strain rate increases,with the residual strain demonstrating the greatest *** the fiber content makes trivial contribution to improving the residual deformability of RPC when the impact strain rate is *** tests also show that the fiber content affects the peak compressive strength and the peak deformability of RPC in a different *** a constant impact strain rate and the fiber fraction less than 1.75%,the peak compressive strength rises with an increasing fiber *** peak compressive strength tends to decrease as the fiber volume exceeds 1.75%.The corresponding peak strain,however,incessantly rises with the increasing fiber *** total energy Edisp that RPC consumed during the period from the beginning of impacts to the time of residual strains elevates with the fiber volume increment as long as the fiber fraction

关键词： impact reactive powder concrete (RPC) high strain rate dynamic strength energy consumption dynamic stress-strain response

High-pressure synchrotron x-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopic study of plumbogummite

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Chinese Physics B 2018年第1期27卷 541-546页

作者：康端巫翔袁冠黄圣轩牛菁菁高静秦善 key laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution Ministry of Education School of Earth and Space SciencesPeking University state key laboratory of Geological {3. and mineral resources China University of Geosciences

PbA13.PO4）2（OH,H20）6, an important environmental mineral, is in-situ studied by synchrotron x-ray diffraction （XRD） and Raman scattering combined with diamond anvil cells （DACs） at pressures up to - 11.0 GPa and room temper- ature. The XRD results indicate that plumbogummite does not undergo a phase transition between 0 GPa and 10.9 GPa. Moreover, the c axis is more compressible than the a axis, revealing its anisotropic behavior. The pressure-volume data are fitted to the third-order Birch-Murnaghan equation of state to yield the plumbogummite bulk modulus K0 of 68（ I ） GPa and KU of 6.1. The [PO4]3.and [HPO4]2 Raman vibrational modes exhibit scale nearly linearly as a function of pressure. The [PO4]3.stretching modes are generally more sensitive to pressure than the bending modes. The Grfineisen parameters range from -0.07 to 1.19, with an arithmetic mean of approximately 0.3..

关键词： plumbogummite equation of state Grfineisen parameter diamond anvil cell

The onset and advance of the Asian summer monsoon

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Science Bulletin 2006年第1期51卷 80-88页

作者： Lü Junmei1,2,4, ZHANG Qingyun1, TAO Shiyan1 & JU Jianhua3.1. state key laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sci- ences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029,{3. 2. Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Yunnan university, Kunming 650091,{3. 3.{3. Meteorological Administration Training Centre, Beijing 100081,{3. 4. Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10003.,{3. state key laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Department of Atmospheric Sciences Yunnan University Kunming 650091 China Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China china Meteorological Administration Training Centre Beijing 100081 China

Based on the daily outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) data from National Oceanic and At- mospheric Administration (NOAA) satellites, the Cli- mate Prediction Center’s merged analysis of pre- cipitation (CMAP) data and the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for At- mospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis dataset, the mean intraseasonal variability of the Asian summer monsoon (ASM) is investigated by using power spectrum analysis, band-pass filter, and diagnostic analyses. The processes of the onset and advance of monsoon over the southern part of Indo- china Peninsula, the east coast of Bay of Bengal, the South china Sea and the Indian subcontinent are explored. It is found that there is an abrupt change in OLR, precipitation and zonal wind during the onset and advance of the ASM. It is also indicated that the southern part of Indo{3. Peninsula and the adja- cent Andaman Sea is the region where the earliest onset of the ASM occurs in the 2nd pentad of May.

关键词： Asian summer monsoon intraseasonal variability onset advance.

Application of the phylogenetic analysis in mitochondrial disease study

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2008年第18期53卷 2733-2738页

作者： WANG ChengYe1,2,3. KONG QingPeng1,2 & ZHANG YaPing1,2? 1 state key laboratory of Genetic {3. and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223. china 2 laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resource, Yunnan university, Kunming 650091, china 3.Graduate university of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, china Chinese Acad Sci Kunming Inst Zool State Key Lab Genet Resources and Evolut Kunming 650223 Peoples R China.

Mitochondrial disease currently received an increasing concern. However, the case-control design commonly adopted in this field is vulnerable to genetic background, population stratification and poor data quality. Although the phylogenetic analysis could help solve part of these problems, it has not received adequate attention. This paper is a review of this method as well as its application in mito- chondrial disease study.

关键词：线粒体疾病分析单元型种群分布

Study of thrust and nappe tectonics in the eastern Jiaodong Peninsula, china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2007年第2期50卷 161-171页

作者： ZHANG HongYuan1,2, HOU QuanLin3. & CAO DaiYong4 1 china university of geosciences, Beijing 100083. china 2 state key laboratory of Geological processes and mineral resources, china university of geosciences, Beijing 100083. china 3.Graduate university of Chinese Acacemy of Sciences, Beijing 10003., china 4 key laboratory of Coal resources (CUMT), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083. china 1. china university of geosciences Beijing 100083 China 2. state key laboratory of Geological {3. and mineral resources China University of Geosciences Beijing 100083 China 3. Graduate university of Chinese Acacemy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China 4. key laboratory of Coal resources (CUMT) Ministry of Education Beijing 100083 China

Thrust and nappe tectonics have affected the eastern Jiaodong Peninsula, the easternmost terminal of the Sulu Ultra-high Pressure Metamorphic Belt. Four nappes have been mapped, named respectively the Shidao, Rongcheng, Mishan and Mouping nappes. The methods used included multi-scale struc- tural analysis and structural chronology analysis. These nappes define four deep level slip-thrust shear zones that were mainly active in the Mesozoic. The amount of ductile deformation decreases from the Shidao to Rongcheng to Mouping to Mishan shear zones, and shows an inverse relationship with temperature. 40Ar/3.Ar chronological analysis and the chronological results of former workers reveal four movement steps defined by the development of thrusts and nappes in the late Triassic (210-180 Ma), extensional movement from the Jurassic to early Cretaceous (180-13. Ma), slip-thrust movement in the Early Cretaceous (13.-120 Ma), and extensional movement since the Late Cretaceous (120 Ma). The order of boundary shear zone motion in the period of slip-thrust movement during the Early Cre- taceous (13.-120 Ma) was along the Shidao, Rongcheng, Mouping and finally the Mishan shear zone. This resulted in clockwise rotation of the nappes relative to block west to the Tan-Lu Faults. Because of the similar evolutionary history of the Tan-Lu Faults and the thrust and nappe structure in the eastern Jiaodong Peninsula, slip dislocation along the Tan-Lu Faults might have been absorbed by thrust and nappe tectonics in the Jiaodong area in the Mesozoic era, resulting in much less dislocation on the Tan-Lu faults in North Eastern china than that in south along the Jiaodong Peninsula.

关键词： eastern Jiaodong Peninsula Mesozoic era thrust and nappe tectonics structural features geochronology shear zones

EXPERIMENT OF IMPACT OF RIVER HYDRAULIC CHARACTERISTICS ON NUTRIENTS PURIFICATION COEFFICIENT

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2007年第3期19卷 387-393页

作者： WANG Pei-fang WANG Xiao-rong WANG Chao state key laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of Environment Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China state key laboratory of Hydrology-Water {3. and Hydraulic Engineering Hohai University Nanjing 210098 China key laboratory of Intergrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes College of Environmental Science and Engineering Hohai University Nanjing 210098 China

Hydraulic characteristics of a river are the key factors for river water quality improvement and river restoration. A simulated river was exploited to study the interactions between water contaminant purification coefficients and the characteristics of the river, such as the cross-section velocity, water depth, Reynolds number, and Froude number. To enhance the purification capacity of the river, detritus with 5 mm to 10 mm in diameter and contact surface area per volume of 87.6 m^2/m^3.were constructed naturally at the bed and along one side of the bank to form half shape of the river cross-section. During the one-month experiment （including 3.periods） from the third of November to the fourth of December, 2005, three categories of hydraulic conditions were investigated. Results show that the purification coefficient （K） of Total Nitrogen （TN） is closely coherent with the hydraulic retention time （T）, river length （L）, Reynolds number （Re） and Froude number （Fr）. The relationship of K and T generally agrees with the power law under the three experimental water hydraulic conditions. Based on these results, the optimal Re and Fr ranges can be obtain to serve as a guideline for ecological re-engineering design to improve river water quality and restore river ecosystem.

关键词： Hydraulic characteristics total nitrogen,purification coefficient interaction simulated river

Integrated modeling of nitrogen oxides formation in diesel engines

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2007年第12期17卷 1476-1481页

作者： Song Jinou, Yao Chunde and Wang Hongfu(state key laboratory of Engine, Tianjin {3., Tianjin 3.0072, china) state key laboratory of Engine Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China

To account for the effects of both chemistry and flow turbulence, the present study proposes an integrated NO sub-model that combines the extended Zel’dovich mechanism and engine CFD computations to simulate the NO histories in a diesel engine. NOx sub-model parameters and pollutant formation mechanisms can be more easily investigated by solving the NOx sub-model. The new NO formation model incorporating the effects of both chemical kinetics and turbulent mixing was applied to simulate a diesel engine with a quiescent combustion chamber, and one with a re-entrant combustion chamber; the premise of the model being the reaction rate is mainly determined by a kinetic timescale and a turbulent timescale. The results indicate that the predicted NO formulation from the new model agrees well with the measured data. As the utilization of fossil fuels continues to increase, the control of NOx emissions is a worldwide concern; and it is imperative to understand fully the NOx reaction processes in combustion systems. This technology has the potential to enhance the application of various combustion techniques used to reduce NOx emissions from practical combustion systems.

关键词： nitrogen oxides (NOx) combustion turbulence diesel.