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Turbulent intensity and its similarity function over an Inner Mongolian grassland during spring

Science china Earth Sciences 2010年第5期53卷 773-780页

作者： YUE Ping1,2,3, NIU ShengJie2, HU YinQiao4 & ZHANG Qiang1 1 Key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Reducing Disaster of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Reducing Disaster of CMA, Institute of Arid Meteorology, CMA, Lanzhou 730020, china 2 Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, china 3 zhangye national meteorological observatory, zhangye 734000, china 4 Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou 730000, china 1. Key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Reducing Disaster of Gansu Province Key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Reducing Disaster of CMA Institute of Arid Meteorology CMA Lanzhou 730020 China2. Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing 210044 China3. Zhangye National Meteorological Observatory Zhangye 734000 China4. Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Science Lanzhou 730000 China

Macroscopic reason for the development of turbulences in fluid is the conjunction action of velocity and temperature shears. We use the 2008 spring flux observations in the surface layer over Inner Mongolian grassland, obtain the similarity functions of turbulent intensity under different stratification stability conditions, and calculate the clear day turbulent intensity in the spring, which is then analyzed and compared with the observed values of turbulent intensity. The results show that in the Inner Mongolian grassland, under the condition of spring unstable stratification of the surface layer, dependence of the similarity function of turbulent intensity on stratification stability follows a "2/3 power law". The structural function is a constant under the neutral stratification condition, and complicated under the stable condition. The calculated turbulent intensity has a close correlation with the observed one, which verifies the accuracy of the similarity functions and the suitability of the theorem of turbulent intensity in the grassland region.

关键词： turbulent intensity variance of velocity similarity function grassland

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Arabian Peninsula-North Pacific Oscillation and its association with the Asian summer monsoon

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第7期51卷 1001-1012页

作者： SUN JianQi1, YUAN Wei2 & GAO YuZhong3 1 Nansen-Zhu International Research Centre, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, china 2 china meteorological Administration Training Centre, Beijing 100081, china 3 Heilongjiang meteorological observatory, Harbin 150030, china 1. Nansen-Zhu International Research Centre Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China 2. china meteorological Administration Training Centre Beijing 100081 China 3. Heilongjiang meteorological observatory Harbin 150030 China

Using correlation and EOF analyses on sea level pressure from 57-year NCEP-NCAR reanalysis data, the Arabian Peninsula-North Pacific Oscillation (APNPO) is identified. The APNPO reflects the co-variability between the North Pacific high and South Asian summer monsoon low. This teleconnec- tion pattern is closely related to the Asian summer monsoon. On interannual timescale, it co-varies with both the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) and South Asian summer monsoon (SASM); on decadal timescale, it co-varies with the EASM: both exhibit two abrupt climate changes in the middle 1960s and the late 1970s respectively. The possible physical process for the connections between the APNPO and Asian summer monsoon is then explored by analyzing the APNPO-related atmospheric circulations. The results show that with a strong APNPO, the Somali Jet, SASM flow, EASM flow, and South Asian high are all enhanced, and an anomalous anticyclone is produced at the upper level over northeast china via a zonal wave train. Meanwhile, the moisture transportation to the Asian monsoon regions is also strengthened in a strong APNPO year, leading to a strong moisture convergence over India and northern china. All these changes of circulations and moisture conditions finally result in an anoma- lous Asian summer monsoon and monsoon rainfall over India and northern china. In addition, the APNPO has a good persistence from spring to summer. The spring APNPO is also significantly corre- lated with Asian summer monsoon variability. The spring APNPO might therefore provide valuable in- formation for the prediction of Asian summer monsoon.

关键词： Arabian Peninsula-North Pacific Oscillation East Asian summer monsoon South Asian summer monsoon wave train abrupt climate change

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Application of the moist vorticity vector in the analysis of a heavy rainfall event in North china

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2007年第12期17卷 1457-1465页

作者： Zhao Yu1,2,3, Wang Jianguo4 and Xue Deqiang2(1. Laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Severe Storms, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, china 2. Shandong Provincial meteorological observatory, Jinan 250031, china 3. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, china 4. Shandong Provincial meteorological Bureau, Jinan 250031, china) Laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Severe Storms Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Shandong Provincial meteorological observatory Jinan 250031 China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China Shandong Provincial meteorological Bureau Jinan 250031 China

The moist vorticity vector (MVV), defined as (ζa×▽qv)/ρ introduced by Gao et al. is used to study a heavy rainfall event in North china. The MVV has zonal, meridional and vertical components in a three-dimensional framework. Analysis of domain-mean and mass-integrated quantities shows that the variation of the vertical component of the MVV closely follows the variation of the cloud hydrometeors, with a linear correlation coefficient of 0.95, indicating that the vertical component of the MVV is strongly associated with midlatitude convection. Further analysis shows that the vertical component of the MVV reflects the interaction between the horizontal vorticity and the horizontal specific humidity gradient, which can associate dynamic and thermodynamic processes with cloud microphysical processes. Thus, this study can help to understand how the interaction between circulations and clouds aids the development of convection, and the MVV can be used to trace the development and evolution of heavy rainfall.

关键词： moist vorticity vector heavy rainfall modeling study.

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Temporal variations of δ^(18)O of atmospheric water vapor at Delingha

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第7期51卷 966-975页

作者： YIN ChangLiang1, YAO TanDong2, TIAN LiDe2, LIU DongNian3, YU WuSheng2 & QU DongMei2 1 State Key Laboratory of Cryoshperic Science, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, china 2 Laboratory of Environment and Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, china 3 meteorological observatory of Haixi Prefecture of Qinghai Province, Delingha 817000, china 1. State Key Laboratory of Cryoshperic Science Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China 2. Laboratory of Environment and Processes Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China 3. meteorological observatory of Haixi Prefecture of Qinghai Province Delingha 817000 China

Oxygen stable isotope of atmospheric water vapor is widely used to study the modern process of cli- mate. Atmospheric water vapor samples were collected at Dlingha, northeast of Tibetan Plateau during the period from July 2005 to February 2006. The variation of δ18O and the relationships between δ18O and both the temperature and specific humidity are analyzed in this paper. Results show that the sea- sonal variation of δ18O of atmospheric water vapor at Delingha is remarkable with higher δ18O in summer and lower δ18O in winter. The temporal variation of vapor δ18O shows obvious fluctuations, with magnitude of over 37‰. The daily variation of the δ18O is highly correlated with air temperature. The relationship between δ18O and atmospheric water vapor content is complex. Study shows that δ18O of atmospheric water vapor is positively correlated with specific humidity in winter in seasonal scale and inversely correlated with specific humidity in summer rainy period. The δ18O values of at- mospheric water vapor are lower than those of precipitation at Delingha, and the average difference is 10.7‰. Variations of δ18O of atmospheric water vapor is also found to be affected by precipitation events, The model results show that the precipitation effect could have caused the vapor δ18O in the raining season to lower by 7% in average in July and August.

关键词： Delingha δ18O atmospheric water vapor

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Potential　enstrophical　diagnostic　analyses　on　the　mechanism　of　change　of　tropical　cyclone　intensity

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 1994年第3期13卷 361-375页

作者： Laing Biqi and He Caifu(This project is supported by the national Natural Science Foundation of china.).(Department of Atmospheric Science,Zhongshan University, Guangzhou 510275, china)( Jiangxi meteorological observatory, Nanchang 330046, china)

It is indicated that the change of mean potential enstrophy within tropical cyclone (TC) corresponds tothe change of TC intensity. A series of factors influencing the intensity change have been discussed by calculating budget of potential enstrophy in tangential wave-number domain in cylindric coordinates. The results indicate thatthe vertical distribution of mean diabatic heating is an important factor that influences the change of TC intensitythrough transformation mechanism of the Coriolis effect and cyclonic vorticity, especially in the sudden intensifyingstage of TC. It is favourable to the intensification when the diabatic heating is largest in upper-middle troposphere,while TC weakens when this kind of role of heating become small or the heating is largest in lower troposphere. Therole of the axisymmetric fields of TC is different from that of the non-axisymmetric fields. In addition,we have analysed some other factors that influence TC intensity.

关键词： Change of TC intensity potential enstrophy diabatic heating beating profile

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Analysis of the severe group dust storms in eastern part of Northwest china

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2002年第3期12卷 357-362页

作者： ZHOU Zijiang, WANG Xiwen(1. national meteorological Center, Beijing 100081, china 2. Lanzhou Central meteorologicalobservatory, Lanzhou 730020, china) national meteorological Center 北京 100081 Lanzhou Central meteorological observatory Lanzhou 730020

Based on the available original dust storm records from 60 meteorological stations, we discussed the identification standard of severe dust storms at a single station and constructed a quite complete time series of severe group dust storms in the eastern part of Northwest china in 1954–2001. The result shows that there were 99 severe group dust storms in this region in recent 48 years. The spatial distribution indicates that the Alax Plateau, most parts of the Ordos Plateau and most parts of the Hexi Corridor are the main areas influenced by severe group dust storms. In addition, the season and the month with the most frequent severe group dust storms are spring and April, accounting for 78.8% and 41.4% of the total events respectively. During the past 48 years the lowest rate of severe group dust storms occurred in the 1990s. Compared with the other 4 decades, on the average, the duration and the affected area of severe group dust storms are relatively short and small during the 1990s. In 2000 and 2001, there were separately 4 severe group dust storms as the higher value after 1983 in the eastern part of Northwest china.

关键词： eastern part of Northwest china severe group dust storms temporal and spatial distribution characteristics

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Climatological Characteristics of Frontogenesis and Related Circulations over East china in June and July

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Acta meteorologica Sinica 2013年第2期27卷 144-169页

作者：侯俊管兆勇 Key Laboratory of meteorological Disaster of Ministry of Education Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Jiangsu meteorological observatory

Based on daily precipitation data from 212 stations in East china and NCEP/NCAR daily global final analysis data in June and July from 2000 to 2010, the climatological characteristics of frontogenesis and related circulations have been analyzed. The results demonstrate that frontogenesis function distributes non- uniformly in East china. The different terms of the kinematic frontogenesis show different intensities and distributions of frontogenesis. The strongest frontogenesis integrated from different kinematic frontogenesis terms is observed in the Jianghuai area. Frontogenesis events are separated into four types as per the different shear and convergence types of horizontal wind along the strong frontogenesis band at 850 hPa. The four types include the warm shear type, cold shear type （with two subtypes）, west wind convergence type, and east wind convergence type. The events in different frontogenesis types occur with different frequencies over the past decade. The warm shear type occurs most frequently. Different types of frontogenesis have distinctive horizontal and vertical structures. Strong frontogenesis is featured with 340-K contour of 0se parallel to the frontal zone in the vertical. Varied large-scale circulation patterns manifested in shifted location and strength of cyclone or anticyclone, wind convergence, as well as vertical circulation structure are associated with different types of frontogenesis. Moreover, a strong positive correlation between frontogenesis and precipitation is found, i.e., the stronger the frontogenesis, the more precipitation there is. Daily precipitation related to the warm shear type frontogenesis is the largest, and often occurs inside the frontal zone with the same orientation with the strong frontogenesis belt. The second largest daily precipitation occurs with the cold shear type frontogenesis, and related rainfall is usually observed to the south of the frontal zone, with the rain belt extending northeastward. Precipitat

关键词： frontogenesis circulation pattern precipitation East china boreal summer

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Analysis of Doppler Radar Data of the Largest Snow Process since Winter

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meteorological and Environmental Research 2011年第10期2卷 20-22,28页

作者： WANG Hong1,2,PEI Yu-jie3,LIU Yuan-yuan4,JING Hua3 1.Atmospheric Science Institute,Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology,Nanjing 210044,china 2.Chengde meteorological Bureau,Chengde 067000,china 3.Hebei meteorological observatory,Shijiazhuang 050021,china 4.Chengde meteorological Station,Chengde 067000,china

[Objective] Characteristics of Doppler radar data of the largest snow process since winter in Chengde City on February 26,2011 were discussed.[Method] By dint of reflection rate factors,radial velocity,and VWP product of Doppler radar in C wave in Chengde of Hebei Province,and coupled with large scale of circulation situation,the largest snow process since the winter in Chengde City on February 26,2011 was discussed.[Result] The echo intensity of snow was *** there was certain range of 30 dBz echo and was stable,there might be strong *** warm advection,convection and warm and wet air climbing over the thin cold cushion in the lower layer was the main reason of the *** structure of 'cattle eye' and the torrent in the lower air provided incessant water vapor for the generation of strong *** the wind in the vertical direction changed,there was wind speed divergence,which indicated that the precipitation weakened and *** existence of warm advection and shear layer was the essential reason for the maintenance of *** 'ND' area in the middle layer and the northwest wind at any height indicated the end of precipitation.[Conclusion] The study provided theoretical basis for the forecast of strong snow.

关键词： Since winter Snow Doppler radar Materials analysis china

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Climatology of medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances observed by a GPS network in central china

Climatology of medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbanc...

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中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所第11届（2011年度）学术年会

作者： Feng Ding,Weixing Wan,Guirong Xu,Tao Yu,Guanglin Yang, and Jing-song Wang 1 Beijing national observatory of Space Environment,Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,china. 2 Institute of Heavy Rain,china meteorological Administration, Wuhan,china. 3national Center for Space Weather,china meteorological Administration,Beijing,china.

[1]The 15-month climatology of medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) during a solar minimum period has been constructed from observations of a dense GPS receiver array in Central *** total,793 MSTID events are identified, with peaks in occurrence at 1500 LT and 0100 *** occurrence of MSTIDs decreases following an increase in geomagnetic activity,with 46%of the MSTIDS occurring in the *** MSTIDs are characterized by a major occurrence maximum around the winter solstice and by an equatorward propagation *** period,phase velocity,azimuth,and amplitude of daytime MSTIDs are 20-60 min,100-400 m/s, 130°-270°,and 0.8-1.5%,*** remaining 54%of the MSTIDs occurred at night,and were characterized by a peak in occurrence at the summer solstice and by a southwestward propagation *** period,phase velocity,azimuth,and amplitude of nighttime MSTIDs are 20-70 min,50-230 m/s,170°-300°,and 2-7%,respectively. The propagation directions and the seasonal behaviors support the view that daytime MSTIDs are an ionospheric manifestation of atmospheric gravity waves from the lower atmosphere,while a possible excitation mechanism of nighttime MSTIDs is the electrodynamics process caused by plasma instability in the F layer.

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Lightning activity and precipitation structure of hailstorms

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Science china Earth Sciences 2007年第4期50卷 629-639页

作者： FENG GuiLi1,2, QIE XiuShu3,1, YUAN Tie1 & NIU ShuZhen4 1 Laboratory of Lightning and Thunderstorm, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, china 2 Shandong Research Institute of Meteorology, Jinan 250031, china 3 Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, china 4 The meteorological observatory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450003, china 1. Laboratory of Lightning and Thunderstorm Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China 2. Shandong Research Institute of Meteorology Jinan 250031 China 3. Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China 4. The meteorological observatory of Henan Province Zhengzhou 450003 China

By using the cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning location data from the lightning detection network of He- nan Province, surface Doppler radar data and standard orbit data of PR, TMI and LIS on TRMM satellite, the spatial and temporal characteristics of CG lightning flashes in 10 severe hailstorms are analyzed. The results show that the percentage of +CG lightning in these hailstorms is high with an average value of 45.5%. There is a distinct increase in CG flash rate during the rapid development stage of hailstorms. The hailstone falling corresponds to an active positive flash period, and the increase of +CG flash rate is generally accompanied with a decrease of –CG flash rate. The flash rate declines rapidly during the dissipating stage of hailstorms. The precipitation structure and lightning activity in two typical hail- storms are studied in detail. It is found that strong convective cells with reflectivity greater than 30dBZ mainly are situated in the front region of hailstorms, whereas the trailing stratiform region is in the rear part of the hailstorms. The maximum heights of echo top are higher than 14 km. Convective rain con- tributes much more rainfall to the total than stratiform rain, and the convective rain takes about 85% and 97% of the total in the two cases, respectively. Total lightning in the hailstorms is very active with the flash rate up to 183 fl/min and 55 fl/min, respectively. The results also indicate that most lightning flashes occurred in the echo region greater than 30 dBZ and its immediate periphery. The probability of lightning occurrence is 20 times higher in the convective region than in the stratiform region. The result suggests that the lightning information is helpful to the identification of convective rain region. The linear relationship between flash rate and ice water content is disclosed primarily.

关键词： total lightning activity positive CG lightning hailstorm convective rain ice water content

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