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Effects of Different Energy Levels on Nutrient Utilization and Serum Biochemical Parameters of Early-Weaned Calves

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agricultural sciences in china 2010年第5期9卷 729-735页

作者： ZHANG Rong, DIAO Qi-yu, ZHANG Nai-feng, TU Yan and JIANG Cheng-gang Feed research institute, Chinese academy of agricultural sciences, Beijing 100081, P.R.china [a] Feed research institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 P.R.China

Current study was performed to investigate the effects of different energy levels on nutrient digestion metabolism and serum biochemical parameters of early-weaned calves. Twelve neonatal Holstein calves were selected and assigned randomly to receive 1 of 3 treatments that contained 18.51, 19.66 and 20.80 MJ kg^-1 gross energy, respectively （n=4 per treatment）. Digestion and metabolism trials were carried out in 5 phases （12-20, 22-30, 32-40, 42-50, and 52-60 d of age）. At the same time, blood metabolites were determined at 21, 31, 41, 51, and 61 d of age prior to morning feeding. The results indicated that either dry matter （DM）, organic matter （OM） and gross energy （GE） apparent digestibility or N and P retention tended to increase as age advanced; the average value of DM and OM apparent digestibility and Ca retention in high-energy treatment was significantly lower than that of other groups （P 〈 0.05）; there were no significant differences in the concentration of serum glucose, triglyceride and urea N among treatments, whereas a significant effect of age was found on the level of triglyceride （P 〈 0.05）. To sum up, medium-energy milk replacer seems to be more beneficial for GE digestibility and N utilization, whereas low-energy milk replacer appears to be more rewarding for Ca and P utilization.

关键词： calf milk replacer energy apparent digestibility metabolic rate

Saline-alkali soil reclamation and utilization in china:progress and prospects

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Frontiers of agricultural Science and Engineering 2024年第2期11卷 216-228页

作者： guangzhou WANG Gang NI Gu FENG Haley MBURRILL Jianfang LI Junling ZHANG Fusuo ZHANG State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management(SKLNUM) College of Resources and Environmental SciencesNational Academy of Agriculture Green DevelopmentChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China The institute of Ecology and Evolution University of OregonEugeneOR97403USA

Soil salinity is a global threat to the productivity of arable land. With the impact of population growth and development of social economy in china, the area of arable land has been shrinking in recent decades and is approaching a critical threshold of 120 Mha, the minimum area for maintaining the national food security. Saline-alkaline land, as important backup reserve, has been receiving increased attention as an opportunity to expand land resources. This review first summarizes the general principles and technologies of saline soil reclamation to support plant growth, including leaching salts or blocking the rise of salts, and soil fertility enhancement to improve the buffering *** the progress in this area in china is described including the customization of technologies and practices used in different saline-alkali regions. Following the soil management strategies, the concept of selecting crops for saline soil is proposed. This encompasses halophyte planting, salt-tolerant crop breeding and the application of saline-adapted functional microorganisms to improve the adaptation of crops. Finally, the current problems and challenges are evaluate, and future research directions and prospects proposed for managing this major soil constraint.

关键词： Food security land reserve reclamation saline-alkali soil utilization

research on the method for retrieving soil moisture using thermal inertia model

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Science china Earth sciences 2006年第5期49卷 539-545页

作者： LIU Zhenhua1 & ZHAO Yingshi2 1. Information College, South china agricultural University, guangzhou 510642, china 2. Graduate University of Chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100049, china 1. Information College South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 China 2. Graduate University of Chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China

In order to improve accuracy of soil moisture inversion using remote sensing, a new thermal inertia model is proposed in this paper. The improved model needs only surface maximum temperature as the temperature parameter input instead of input of the surface temperature difference, as well as the surface sensible and latent fluxes are introduced into boundary conditions of thermal conductivity equation. Furthermore, surface soil conductive heat transfer equation of two-layer model is used to solve the soil thermal inertia so that the remote sensing thermal inertia method can be ap- plied to regions with better-covered vegetation, but usually only for the bare areas or worse vegetation covered areas. The model has been tested at several locations in the area of west Inner Mongolia. Comparing the simulation of the new model with the measurements obtained by apparent thermal inertia and by field test, the result shows that the inertia thermal model can be used to estimate soil moisture in more reasonable accuracy.

关键词： thermal model, thermal conductivity equation, soil initial, sensible flux, latent flux, two-layer model.

Antisense expression of a rice cellular apoptosis susceptibility gene (OsCAS} alters the height of transgenic rice

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2007年第1期17卷 39-43页

作者： XU Chunxiao and HE Chaozu ( National Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, institute of Microbiology, Chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100080, china Graduate University of Chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100039, china Shenzhen Laboratory of Superhybrid rice research, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, china) [a]National Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China [b]Graduate University of Chinese academy of sciences Beijing China

Cellular apoptosis susceptibility (CAS) gene plays important roles in mitosis, development and export of importin a from the nucleus, but its function in plant is unknown. In this study, a rice CAS ortholog (OsCAS), which encodes a predicted protein of 983 amino acids with 62% similarity to human CAS, was identified. DNA gel blot analysis revealed a single copy of OsCAS in the rice genome. A 973 bp fragment at the 3' end of OsCAS cDNA was cloned from rice cDNA library and transferred into rice in the antisense direction under the control of CaMV 35S promoter via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation method, 105 transgenic lines were obtained. Expression of OsCAS was suppressed in the antisense transgenic lines as revealed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The antisense transgenic lines showed dwarf phenotypes. The results indicated that OsCAS was involved in culm development of rice.

关键词： antisense dwarf ortholog OsCAS rice.

Analysis on Carbon Emissions from Energy Consumption in Agriculture and Reduction Measures in guangdong Province

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Meteorological and Environmental research 2011年第7期2卷 66-69,73页

作者： XIE Shu-juan1,2,3 1.guangzhou institute of Geochemistry,Chinese academy of sciences,guangzhou 510640,china 2.Graduate University of Chinese academy of sciences,Beijing 100049,china 3.guangdong academy of Social sciences,guangzhou 510610,china

[Objective] The aim was to study CO2 emissions from energy consumption in agricultural production in guangdong Province and put forward feasible reduction measures.[Method] Based on the data from china Energy Statistical Yearbook and guangdong Statistical Yearbook,CO2 emissions from agricultural energy use in guangdong Province from 2000 to 2009 was estimated by using the formula of carbon emissions recommended by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC),and corresponding reduction measures were put forward.[Result] With the rapid increase of agricultural output and energy consumption,CO2 emissions from energy consumption in agricultural production in guangdong Province showed increasing trend from 2000 to 2009,that is to say,increasing from 423.63×104 t C million tons in 2000 to 605.99×104 t C in 2009,with annual growth rate of 4.1%.Meanwhile,carbon emissions intensity during energy consumption in agriculture went down in recent ten years,in other words,decreasing from 0.424 t C/×104 yuan in 2000 to 0.301 t C/×104 yuan in 2009,and its annual decreasing rate was 3.7%.The variation of CO2 emissions from energy consumption in agriculture mainly resulted from the increase of agricultural output,improvement of energy utilization efficiency,high carbonization in agricultural energy consumption structure and so ***,in order to reduce CO2 emissions from energy consumption in agriculture,it is necessary to vigorously develop rural renewable energy,develop and popularize advanced technology for energy utilization,advance the energy conservation of agricultural machines,establish and improve the macroeconomic control mechanism for carbon emissions from the energy consumption in agricultural production in the further.[Conclusion] The study could provide references for the establishment of policy about reducing carbon emissions from agricultural energy consumption in guangdong Province.

关键词： Energy consumption in agriculture Energy consumption structure CO2 emissions Carbon emissions intensity china

Chromosome Analysis of Parents and Offspring of Crosses between Cymbidium sinense and Hybrid Cymbidium

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Chromosome Analysis of Parents and Offspring of Crosses betw...

The Assessment and Utilization of Straw Resources in china

作者： Zhu Genfa Lu Fubing Wang Biqing Chen Mingli (Floricultural research institute of guangdong academy of agricultural sciences,Wushan,guangzhou,510640 china)

Cymbidium Sinense is famous orchid in china and east Asia,because of its fragrance,compact plantshape,short and elegant leaves,and easy flowering in The Spring *** 1000 varieties have been selected by natu-ral mutation in *** Cymbidium is modem commercial large flower Cymbidium,but most varieties belong to nofragrance,long and dishevelled leaves,and difficult flowering in soust *** order to breeding compact,easy flowering,fragrant and large flower Cymbidium,we had done 45 different crosses between Cymbidium sinense and hybrid *** embryoes of 17 crosses were cultured in Kyoto medium,offspring of 8 crosses between *** and hy-brid Cymbidium were obtained by aseptic *** were analyzed on Cymbidium sinense,hybrid Cymbidium and its offspring.3 varieties of *** includes“Qijian Baimo”,“Qijian Heimo”,“Yangmingjing”are diploid(2n=40),but ***“Jinzhui”is ane-uploid(2n=41).The chromosome number of 33 varieties of hybrid Cymbidium imported from Japan are different,which 7varieties are diploid,15 varieties are triploid,10 varieties are tetraploid,and 1 variety is *** the 8 crosses of *** and hybrid Cymbidium,the Offspring of 2 crosses of Hybrid Cymbidium(2n=40)×***(2n=40)are different,One hybrid is diploid,which is *** Moon“Wanderland”(2n=40)×***“Jinzhui”(2n=40),another is triploid(2n=60),which is *** Jean“Ice Cascade”(2n=40)×***“Yangmingjing”(2n=40).Plants from 4 crosses of Hybrid Cymbidium(2n=60)×***(2n=40)are tetraploid(2n=80),including *** Auther(2n=60)×***“Jinzhui”,*** Auther ×***“Qijian Baimo”(2n=40),*** Auther ×***“Qijian Heimo”(2n=40)and *** Color(2n=60) ×***“Jinzhui”.Leaf Variance occurs in hybrid Plants of ***“Qijian Baimo”×***“Sinseiki”(2n=60),All of offspring are aneuploid,the chromosome number is among 43 to *** of ***“Jinzhui”×*** Sto

关键词： Cymbidium sinense Cymbidium hybrid offspring chromosome analysis

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agricultural sciences in china 2010年第12期9卷 1807-1815页

作者： WANG Ya-jing, BI Yu-yun and GAO Chun-yu institute of agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese academy of agricultural sciences, Beijing 100081, P.R.china [a] institute of agricultural Resources Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 P.R.China

The study was undertaken to evaluate the collectable and usable volume of existing straw resources, its suitability for different ways of utilization and fully reorganization of its development potential in china. Based on the results on the stubble heights of major crops in the Huang-Huai-Hai area （the area along the Yellow River, Huai River, and Hai River）, the evaluation of the collectable and usable coefficients, and the collectable and usable volumes of various straw resources in china were worked out during 2005. The respective collectable and usable volumes of straw resources were worked out on the basis of suitability as fuel, feed, fertilizer, and base material for edible mushrooms. The total collectable and utilizable quantity of straw in china was 685 950 000 t, and the mean collection coefficient was 0.81 during 2005. The quantity of straw residue and wasted straw accounted for 19%. The collectable and utilizable quantities of grain, cash crop, and other crop straw were 492 310 000, 162 610 000, and 31 030 000 t which accounted for 71.77, 23.71, and 4.52%, respectively of the total collectable and utilizable quantity of straw. The quantity of straw which could be used as fuel was 635 000 000 t, which accounted for 92.63% of total quantity of the straw in the country during 2005. Among the total quantity of collectable and utilizable straw in china during 2005, the quantities of straw suitable and unsuitable for being processed as feedstuff were 587 640 000 and 98 310 000 t, which accounted for 85.67 and 14.33%, respectively. The quantity of straw residue returned to the field and collectable and utilizable straw for direct field restoration was 616 000 000 t, which accounted for about three-fourths of the total straw yield, while the quantity of straw for cultivation of edible mushrooms and industrial processing was about 587 000 000 t, which accounted for more than 85% of the total collectable and utilizable straw. The evaluation results indicate that t

关键词： china straw resources collectable and utilizable quantity suitability assessment

Use of Controlled Release Fertilizer for Increasing N Efficiency of Direct Seeding rice

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Pedosphere 2001年第4期11卷 333-339页

作者： FU JIANRONG, ZHU YUANHONG and JIANG LINA institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Zhejiang academy of agricultural sciences, Hangzhou 310021 (china) 浙江省农业科学院土壤与肥料所浙江杭州 310021

Field trials on a silt-loamy paddy soil derived from shallow-sea deposit in direct seeding rice fields were conducted in Zhejiang, china, in 1996 to compare N efficiency of controlled release fertilizers (LP fertilizers) with the conventional urea. Six treatments including CK (no N fertilizer), conventional urea and different types of LP fertilizers at different rates were designed for two succeeding crops of early and late rice. A blend of different types of LP fertilizers as a single preplant "co-situs" application released N in a rate and amount synchronizing with uptake pattern of direct seeding rice. A single preplant application of the LP fertilizers could meet the N requirement of rice for the whole growth period without need of topdressing. Using LP fertilizer blends, equivalent grain yields could be maintained even if the N fertilization rates were reduced by 25%～50% compared with the conventional urea. Agronomic efficiency of the LP fertilizers was 13.6%～ 86.4% higher than that of the conventional urea in early rice and 100%～164.1% in late rice, depending on the amounts of the LP fertilizers applied. N fertilizer recovery rate increased from 27.4% for the conventional application of urea to 41.7%～54.l% for the single preplant "co-situs" application of the LP fertilizers. Use of the LP fertilizers was promising if the increase in production costs due to the high LP fertilizer prices could be compensated by increase in yield and N efficiency, reduction in labor costs and improvement in environment.

关键词： controlled release fertilizer direct seeding rice N efficiency

A research ON THE DYNAMIC MONITORING SYSTEM FOR FORAGE-LIVESTOCK BALANCE IN THE TEMPERATE CRASSLAND OF china

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干旱区资源与环境 1993年第Z1期7卷 275-278页

作者： Li Bo Shi Peijun Lin Xiaoquan Grassland research institute, Chinese academy of agricultural sciences, Hohhot, china Beijing Normal University, china GRI, Chinese academy of agricultural sciences, Hohhot

Some principles and methods for the dynamic monitoring of forage-livestock bal-ance in the grazing system on the temperate grassland of china were discussed in thispaper. To prepare a dynamic monitoring system or the ... 详细信息

关键词： Temperate Grassland Forage-Livestock Balance Remote Sensing Estimaion for Production Grassland Dynamic Monitoring