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Discovery of a Late Permian Angara-Cathaysia mixed flora from Acheng of Heilongjiang,china,with discussions on the closure of the Paleoasian Ocean

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Science china Earth Sciences 2009年第12期52卷 1746-1755页

作者： DENG ShengHui1,2, WAN ChuanBiao3 & YANG JianGuo3 1 Research institute of petroleum Exploration and Development, Petrochina, Beijing 100083, china 2 State Key Laboratory of Enhanced Oil Recovery, Beijing 100083 china 3 Daqing institute of petroleum Exploration and Development, Petrochina, Daqing 164712, china Research institute of petroleum Exploration and Development PetroChina Beijing 100083 China State Key Laboratory of Enhanced Oil Recovery Beijing 100083 China Daqing institute of petroleum Exploration and Development PetroChina Daqing 164712 China

This work documents a new flora from the Upper Permian Hongshan Formation of Acheng County, Heilongjiang Province, Northwest china. The flora consists of 20 species: Paracalamites sp., Pecopteris tangwangheensis Huang, Callipteris obese Huang, Callipteris shenshuensis Huang, C. tangwangheensis Huang, C. heilongjiangensis Huang, C. zeilleri Zalessky, C. sp., Comia yichunensis Huang, C. tenueaxis Huang, Iniopteris sibirica Zalessky, Supaia teiliensis Huang, Compsopteris tchirkovae Zalessky, C. cf. adzvensis Zalessky, Nilssonia sp. 1, Nil. sp. 2, Taeniopteris cf. densissima Halle, T. cf. nystraemii Halle, T. sp. and Noeggerathiopsis derzavinii Neub. It is dominated by Angara species but mixed with some typical Cathaysian elements. The age of the flora is assigned to late of the Late Permian according to the stratigraphic ranges of the known species and the comparisons of it with the similar floras. The new discovery indicates that the final collision between the North china Plate and Siberian Plate occurred in Late Permian along the Xar Moron River-Changchun-Yanji sutured zone, and the Paleoasian Ocean was finally closed at the end of the Permian.

关键词： Late Permian mixed Angara-Cathaysia flora Paleoasian Ocean plate collision Heilongjiang Province of china

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Modeling of elastic wave propagation on a curved free surface using an improved finite-difference algorithm

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Science china(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2004年第5期47卷 633-648页

作者： WANG Xiuming1,3 & ZHANG Hailan2 1. CSIRO petroleum, ARRC, PO BOX 1130, Technology Park, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia 2. institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, china 3. Present address: institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, china 1. CSIRO petroleum ARRC Technology Park PO BOX 1130 6102 Bentley WA Australia 2. institute of Acoustics Chinese Academy of Sciences 100080 Beijing China

Based on existing direct and imaging methods of a staggered finite-difference scheme, an improved algorithm for staggered finite-difference is proposed to implement rugged topographic free boundary conditions. This method assumes that the free surface can be implemented with horizontal and vertical free surface segments and their corners; the free surface passes through the grid points of shear stress components, instead of the normal stress components. Imaging is carried out for stress components in both horizontal and vertical directions, thus increasing the accuracy. To update particle- velocities, imaging and updating are first performed in the horizontal direction, and then in the vertical direction. The numerical results for elastic flat horizontal free surface with the imaging method and those for flat free surfaces of various slope angles with the proposed method are compared, and are shown to be in good agreement. The advantage of the proposed method is that only the stresses are dealt with in implementing the free surface into the staggered algorithm, which improves computation efficiency.

关键词： elastic wave simulation, curved free surface, staggered finite-difference, algorithm stability.

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Community Tourism as Practiced in the Mountainous Qiang Region of Sichuan Province,china-a Case Study in Zhenghe Village

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Journal of Mountain Science 2008年第2期5卷 140-156页

作者： ZHOU Lianbin LIU Kaibang southwest institute for Nationalities Research Southwest University for Nationalities Sichuan China

In china, community tourism is still a relatively new phenomenon, but the villagers of a small Qiang village in the Qiang Autonomous County of Beichuan in southwestern Sichuan have initiated tourism in a way which conforms to the basic theory of community tourism development. This demonstrates that community tourism possesses a strength and vitality that can promote the development of tourism in the rural and mountainous areas. In the district of Zhenghe Village, the tourism industry, based on the community tourism model, is the mainstay of its economy. The practice of community tourism in the village not only promotes the economic development of the village community, but also leads to the protection of the mountainous natural environment and of the culture of the Qiang people. This paper investigates the development process of community tourism in Zhenghe and shows how the local residents participate in this process. It also looks at how profits have been distributed within the community. It demonstrates that community tourism is a correct choice by the Zhenghe people as they have dearly been moving from poverty to prosperity, while the local ecology and environment have been simultaneously protected. The authors hope that other minority villages with similar local conditions and natural resources will be able to use this example to develop their own community tourism.

关键词： Community protection Qiang minority Sichuan china tourism environmental region Zhenghe Village

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A hydrocarbon enrichment model and prediction of favorable accumulation areas in complicated superimposed basins in china

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petroleum Science 2010年第1期7卷 10-19页

作者： Pang Xiongqi Meng Qingyang Jiang Zhenxue Liu Luofu Lu Xiuxiang State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Basin and Reservoir Research Center China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Research institute of petroleum Exploration and Development PetroChina Beijing 100083 China

The geologic conditions of superimposed basins in china are very complicated. This is mainly shown by multi-phase structural evolution, multiple sets of source-reservoir-cap rock combinations, multiple stages of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion from source rocks, multi-cycle hydrocarbon enrichment and accumulation, and multi-phase reservoir adjustment and reconstruction. The enrichment, accumulation and distribution of hydrocarbon is mainly controlled by the source rock kitchen, paleo- anticline, regional cap rock and intensity of tectonic movement. In this paper, the T-BCMS model has been developed to predict favorable areas of hydrocarbon accumulation in complicated superimposed basins according to time and spatial relationships among five key factors. The five factors include unconformity surface representing tectonic balancing （B）, regional cap rock representing hydrocarbon protection （C）, paleo-anticline representing hydrocarbon migration and accumulation （M）, source rock kitchen representing hydrocarbon generation and expulsion （S） and geological time （T）. There are three necessary conditions to form favorable areas of hydrocarbon accumulation. First, four key factors BCMS should be strictly in the order of BCMS from top to bottom. Second, superimposition of four key factors BCMS in the same area is the most favorable for hydrocarbon accumulation. Third, vertically ordered combination and superimposition in the same area of BCMS should occur at the same geological time. The model has been used to predict the most favorable exploration areas in Ordovician in the Tarim Basin in the main hydrocarbon accumulation periods. The result shows that 95% of the discovered Ordovician hydrocarbon reservoirs are located in the predicted areas, which indicates the feasibility and reliability of the key factor matching T-BCMS model for hydrocarbon accumulation and enrichment.

关键词： Complicated superimposed basin key factor matching T-BCMS model favorable area for hydrocarbon accumulation hydrocarbon distribution prediction

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Stratigraphic thermohistory and its implications for regional geoevolution in the Tarim Basin,NW china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2010年第10期53卷 1495-1505页

作者： WANG TieGuan1,DAI ShiFeng2,LI MeiJun1,ZHANG WeiBiao1,3,Qiu NanSheng1 & WANG GuangLi1 1 State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resources and Prospecting,china University of petroleum,Beijing 102249,china 2 State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources & Safe Mining,china University of Mining & Technology,Beijing 100083,china 3 Exploration Research Center,Exploration & Development institute,china Petrochemical Corporation,Beijing 100083,china 1. State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China2. State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources & Safe Mining China University of Mining & Technology Beijing 100083 China3. Exploration Research Center Exploration & Development Institute China Petrochemical Corporation Beijing 100083 China

Fourteen vitrinite reflectance profiles from the Tarim Basin,NW china,show that the vitrinite reflectance profiles of individual wells follow a faulted and dislocated dual-stage pattern in the eastern section of the Tazhong Uplift and in the Tabei *** reflectance values in these profiles change sharply at the unconformity beneath the Lower Carboniferous Bachu or Upper Devonian Donghetang Formations,where the overlying Triassic to Carboniferous strata are still in a mature phase within the "liquid oil window".However,the underlying Lower Paleozoic reached the overmature phase beyond the "liquid oil window" towards the end of the Silurian,or in the Early Devonian at the *** the vitrinite reflectance profiles are attributed to a continuous,single-stage pattern in the western section of the Tazhong Uplift,in which the Lower Paleozoic is also in an overmature phase,their overmaturity would have been achieved relatively late in geological *** stratigraphic thermohistory has the following implications to regional geoevolution:(1) The overmature Lower Ordovician to Cambrian strata in the eastern section of the Tazhong Uplift and in the Tabei Uplift,as well as in the Manjiaer Depression,could not have acted as the source kitchen for normal oil(so-called black oil);(2) The dissimilarity in vitrinite reflectance profiles between the eastern and western sections of the Tazhong Uplift reveals Early Paleozoic paleotectonic features,i.e.,lower at the east and higher at the west,whereas recent tectonic features formed since the Late Paleozoic are in reverse,i.e.,higher in the east and lower at the west;(3) Reconstruction of the denuded thickness of sediments overlying the Lower Ordovician strata suggests reconsideration on the paleotectonic features in the Tarim Basin;(4) Based on the sustained duration of the "liquid oil window" for overmature source beds,it is predicted that the Suntuoguole Lower Uplift between the Awati and Manjiaer Depressions is a

关键词： vitrinite reflectance profile faulted and dislocated dual-stage pattern paleotectonic features sustained "liquid oil window" period source kitchen

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Mechanism and performance of a lithium chloride accelerator

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petroleum Science 2011年第3期8卷 328-334页

作者： Wang Chengwen Wang Ruihe Cheng Rongchao Chen Erding School of petroleum Engineering China University of Petroleum Qingdao Shandong 266555 China Department of Drilling Strategy and Planning CNPC Drilling Research Institute Beijing 100195 China Drilling Engineering and Technology Corp. Shengli Petroleum Administration Bureau Dongying Shandong 257064 China

To address present concerns about thickening time and high early-strength in deepwater cementing at low temperatures when using conventional accelerators, a new type of set-accelerating admixture comprising of lithium chloride, aluminium hydroxide and alkaline metal chlorides, named as LS-A, was studied in this paper. Mechanism analysis and performance tests show that the accelerator LS-A accelerated the hydration of tri- and dicalcium silicates （C3S and C2S） at low-temperatures by speeding up the breakdown of the protective hydration film and shortening the hydration induction period. Therefore, LS-A could shorten the low-temperature thickening time and the transition time of critical gel strength from 48 to 240 Pa of the Class-G cement slurry, and improve the early compressive strength of set cement at low-temperatures. It exhibited better performance than calcium chloride and had no effect on the type of hydration products, which remain the same as those of neat Class-G cement, i.e. the calcium silicate gel, Ca（OH）2 crystals and a small amount of ettringite AFt crystals. LS-A provides an effective way to guarantee the safety of cementing operations, and to solve the problems of low temperature and shallow water/gas flowing faced in deepwater cementing.

关键词： Deepwater cementing accelerator lithium chloride Class-G cement mechanism

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单系统的判定和求解

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西南师范大学学报（自然科学版） 1997年第2期22卷 135-139页

作者：张建军西南石油学院基础部

得到一个判别线性系统为单系统的方法

关键词：单对角系统负简殆常方程常微分方程

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Numerical modeling of DPSK pressure signals and their transmission characteristics in mud channels

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petroleum Science 2009年第3期6卷 266-270页

作者： Shen Yue Su Yinao Li Gensheng Li Lin Tian Shouceng College of Physics Science and Technology China University of Petroleum Dongying Shandong 257061 China CNPC Drilling Research institute Beijing 100083 China State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China

A numerical model and transmission characteristic analysis of DPSK （differential phase shift keying） pressure signals in mud channels is introduced. With the control logic analysis of the rotary valve mud telemetry, a logical control signal is built from a Gate function sequence according to the binary symbols of transmitted data and a phase-shift function is obtained by integrating the logical control signal. A mathematical model of the DPSK pressure signal is built based on principles of communications by modulating carrier phase with the phase-shift function and a numerical simulation of the pressure wave is implemented with the mathematical model by MATLAB programming. Considering drillpipe pressure and drilling fluid temperature profile along drillpipes, the drillpipe of a vertical well is divided into a number of sections. With water-based drilling fluids, the impacts of travel distance, carrier frequency, drillpipe size, and drilling fluids on the signal transmission were studied by signal transmission characteristic analysis for all the sections. Numerical calculation results indicate that the influences of the viscosity of drilling fluids and volume fraction of gas in drilling fluids on the DPSK signal transmission are more notable than the others and the signal will distort in waveform with differential attenuations of the signal frequent component.

关键词： Measurement while drilling (MWD) modulation binary symbol mathematical model numerical simulation differential phase shift keying (DPSK) signal transmission characteristics

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Effect of regularization parameters on geophysical reconstruction

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petroleum Science 2009年第2期6卷 119-126页

作者： Zhou Hui Wang Zhaolei Qiu Dongling Li Guofa Shen Jinsong State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resource and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Key Laboratory of CNPC Geophysical Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Research institute Bureau of Geophysical Prospecting Hebei 072751 China china University of petroleum Beijing 102249 China

In this paper we discuss the edge-preserving regularization method in the reconstruction of physical parameters from geophysical data such as seismic and ground-penetrating radar data. In the regularization method a potential function of model parameters and its corresponding functions are introduced. This method is stable and able to preserve boundaries, and protect resolution. The effect of regularization depends to a great extent on the suitable choice of regularization parameters. The influence of the edge-preserving parameters on the reconstruction results is investigated and the relationship between the regularization parameters and the error of data is described.

关键词： Geophysical data inversion error of data regularization regularization parameters

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Risk-opportunity analyses and production peak forecasting on world conventional oil and gas perspectives

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petroleum Science 2010年第1期7卷 136-146页

作者： Zhang Jian Sun Zandong Zhang Yiwei Sun Youshun Nail Toksoz ~Lab for Integration of Geology and Geophysics China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Earth Resources Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Mass. Ave Cambridge MA 02139 USA

To investigate the situation of conventional oil and gas, this paper examines the global oil and gas discoveries, proved reserves, production, consumption and price. All the influencing factors can be subjected to risk and opportunity analyses, so in the paper, we build upon a risk-opportunity analysis framework, which is a new train of thought. To forecast the peak time of oil and gas production, we used the methods of multi-Hubbert model forecasting and data forecasting. Our results showed that the world oil production will reach a peak between 2010 and 2015 and the gas production will reach a peak around 2030 Oil peak is coming and gas peak is on the way. The main purpose of forecasting oil and gas production peak is give people enough time for preparing mitigation and adaptation plans. This means taking decisive action well before the problem is obvious.

关键词： Production reserve risk opportunity forecasting

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