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Soil erosion and sediment transport in the gullied Loess Plateau:Scale effects and their mechanisms

Science china(Technological Sciences) 2009年第5期52卷 1283-1292页

作者： LI TieJian1,WANG GuangQian1,XUE Hai2,3 & WANG Kai4 1 State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,china 2 Yellow River Engineering Consulting Co.,Ltd.,zhengzhou 450003,china 3 north china institute of water conservancy and hydropower,zhengzhou 450008,china 4 china institute of water Resources and hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,china State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering Tsinghua University china institute of water Resources and hydropower Research

Scale effects exist in the whole process of rainfall-3-runoff-3-soil erosion-3-sediment transport in river basins. The differences of hydrographs and sediment graphs in different positions in a river basin are treated as basic scale effects, which are more complex in the gullied Loess Plateau, a region notorious for high intensity soil erosion and hyper-concentrated sediment-laden flow. The up-scaling method of direct extrapolation that maintains dynamical mechanism effective in large scale application was chosen as the methodology of this paper. Firstly, scale effects of hydrographs and sediment graphs were analyzed by using field data, and key sub-processes and their mechanisms contributing to scale effects were clearly defined. Then, the Digital Yellow River Model that integrates sub-models for the subprocesses was used with high resolution to simulate rainfall-3-runoff-3-soil erosion-3-sediment transport response in Chabagou watershed, and the distributed results representing scale effects were obtained. Finally, analysis on the simulation results was carried out. It was shown that gravitational erosion and hyper-concentrated flow contribute most to the spatial variation of hydrographs and sediment graphs in the spatial scale. Different spatial scale distributions and superposition of different sub-processes are the mechanisms of scale effects.

关键词： scale effect soil erosion hyper-concentrated sediment-laden flow the Loess Plateau

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Jackson type theorems on complex curves

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Science china Mathematics 2009年第3期52卷 493-506页

作者： TU TianLiang Deptartment of Mathematics and Informatics, north china institute of water conservancy and Hydroelectric Power, zhengzhou 450011, china Deptartment of Mathematics and Informatics North China Institute of Water Conservancy and Hydroelectric Power Zhengzhou China

Let Γ be a closed smooth Jordan curve in the complex plane. In this paper, with the help of a class of fundamental functions of Hermite interpolation, the author introduces a continuous function interpolation which uniformly approximates to f(z) ∈ C(Γ ) with the same order of approximation as that in Jackson Theorem 1 on real interval [1, 1]. The accuracy of the order of approximation is proved. Using the method different from the early works, the author studies simultaneous approximation to function and its derivatives and the desired results analogues to that in Jackson Theorem 2 on real interval [1, 1] are obtained.

关键词： complex curves interpolation uniform approximation order of approximation 30E05 30E10 41A05 41A25 41A28

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Synergetic-bifurcated prediction model of slope occurrence and its application

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2003年第Z1期46卷 69-77页

作者： HUANG Zhiquan & WANG Sijing north china institute of water conservancy and Hydroelectric Power, zhengzhou 450008, china institute of Geology & Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, china N china Inst water conservancy & Hydroelect Power Zhengzhou 450008 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Geol & Geophys Beijing 100029 Peoples R China

Landslide prediction is one of the most important aspects of prevention and control for geological hazards and the environmental protection. In order to study the nonlinear methods for landslide prediction, the synergetic-bifurcated model of predicting the timing of slope failure is established by combining Synergetics with Bifurcation Theory based on single-state variable friction law in this paper. The synergetic effects and bifurcated process of the factors in the slope evolution can be characterized in the model. Taking the Xintan Landslide as an example, the prediction of landslide is carried out based on the model suggested.

关键词： friction law, landslide, synergetic-bifurcated model, time prediction.

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Experimental Research on Shear Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Composite Beams Under Uniformly Distributed Load

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china Ocean Engineering 1998年第4期13卷 467-476页

作者： ZHAO Shunbo Ass. Prof., north china institute of water conservancy and Hydroelectric Power, zhengzhou 450045, P. R. china. N. china Inst. water Conserv./H.P. Zhengzhou 450045 China

An experimental program was carried out to study the shear behavior of the reinforced concrete composite beam (RCCB) subjected to two-phase uniformly distributed load. A total of 12 reinforced concrete composite beams were tested: 10 of them were the RCCB subjected to two-phase uniformly distributed load, the other 2 were the comparative reinforced concrete beams cast at the same time as the RCCB subjected to one-phase uniformly distributed load. The interface of precast unit and recast concrete was natural and rough. The test range of the main composite factors: the ratio of precast section depth to composite section depth was from 0.35 to 0.65, the ratio of first-phase load moment to precast section ultimate bearing moment was from 0.25 to 0.65. Based on the test results, the stresses of the longitudinal reinforcements and stirrups, the load-bearing properties of the interface, the crack state and the failure characteristics of the RCCB under uniformly distributed load are discussed. The effects of the stirrups, the concrete strength and the composite factors on the shear resistance of the RCCB are analyzed, and the method for evaluating the shear resistance of the RCCB is proposed.

关键词： reinforced concrete composite beam shear resistance composite factor mechanism of failure

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Transport Properties of LCMO Granular Films Deposited by the Pulsed Electron Deposition Technique

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2011年第6期26卷 1027-1031页

作者：陈雷明 zhengzhou institute of Aeronautical Industry Management

By finely controlling the deposition parameters in the pulsed electron deposition process, granular La 2/3 Ca 1/3 MnO 3 （LCMO） film was grown on silicon substrates. The substrate temperature, ambient pressure in the deposition chamber and acceleration potential for the electron beam were all found to affect the grain size of the film, resulting in different morphologies of the samples. Transport properties of the obtained granular films, especially the magnetoresistance （MR）, were studied. Prominent low-field MR was observed in all samples, indicating the forming of grain boundaries in the sample. The low-field MR show great sensitive to the morphology evolution, which reaches the highest value of about 40% for the sample with the grain size of about 250 nm. More interestingly, positive-MR （p-MR） was also detected above 300 K when low magnetic field applying, whereas it disappeared with higher magnetic field applied up to 1.5 and 2 Tesla. Instead of the spin- polarized tunneling process being commonly regarded as a responsible reason, lattice mismatch between LCMO film and silicon substrate appears to be the origin of the p-MR

关键词： colossal magnetoresistance granular film transport properties

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Unified solutions for stresses and displacements around circular tunnels using the Unified Strength Theory

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2010年第6期53卷 1694-1699页

作者： ZHANG ChangGuang1,WANG JiangFeng2 & ZHAO JunHai3 1 Department of Geotechnical Engineering,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,china 2 north china institute of water conservancy and Hydroelectric Power,zhengzhou 450011,china 3 School of Civil Engineering,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710061,china Department of Geotechnical Engineering Tongji University Shanghai China north china institute of water conservancy and Hydroelectric Power Zhengzhou China School of Civil Engineering Chang’an University Xi’an China

The unified solutions are presented for stresses and displacements around a circular tunnel subjected to a hydrostatic stress *** rock mass is assumed to be elastic-brittle-plastic and governed by the Unified Strength *** displacements are obtained accounting for three different definitions for elastic strains and different Young's modulus in the plastic *** unified solutions obtained in this paper are especially versatile in reflecting the intermediate principal stress effect to different extents for different *** conventional solutions,based on the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion and the Generalized Twin Shear Stress yield criterion,are special cases of the present unified *** new unified solutions can compare with those computed by the latest generalized Hoek-Brown failure *** results obtained demonstrate the importance of the intermediate principal stress influence for the stresses and displacements *** effects of different definitions for elastic strains and different Young's modulus in the plastic zone on the displacements are significant.

关键词： Unified Strength Theory intermediate principal stress different definitions for elastic strains different Young’s modulus

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Thermal Conductivity and Heat Transfer Coefficient of Concrete

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2011年第4期26卷 791-796页

作者：郭利霞 north china University of water Resources and Electric Power

A very simple model for predicting thermal conductivity based on its definiensis was presented. The thermal conductivity obtained using the model provided a good coincidence to the investigations performed by other authors. The heat transfer coefficient was determined by inverse analysis using the temperature measurements. From experimental results, it is noted that heat transfer coefficient increases with the increase of wind velocity and relative humidity, a prediction equation on heat transfer coefficient about wind velocity and relative humidity is given.

关键词： thermal conductivity heat transfer coefficient relative humidity wind velocity

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Numerical simulation of two-phase turbulent flow in hydraulic and hydropower engineering

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2007年第z1期50卷 79-89页

作者： DAI HuiChao1,2?, WANG LingLing1, GAO JiZhang3, ZHANG XiaoDong3 & YANG ZhongHua2 1 College of water conservancy and hydropower Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, china 2 china Yangtze River Three Gorges Project Development Corporation, Yichang 443002, china 3 china institute of water Resources and hydropower Research, Beijing 100044, china College of water conservancy and hydropower Engineering Hohai University china institute of water Resources and hydropower Research

In connection with the specific features of high velocity aerated flow generated by hydraulic engineering structures, the mathematical model is developed for high turbulence air-water two-phase flow with the use of twin flow theoretical model in this paper. Furthermore the numerical method is proposed to treat bubbled flows. In addition, on the basis of air-water stratified twin flow model, the new calculation methods and free surface tracking technique are proposed to describe complicated movements of the free surface. Finally, the proposed model is used to calculate artificial aerated flows. The computed results coincide quite well with experimental results. This means that the proposed method can provide solid basis for practical engineering design.

关键词： high turbulence two-phase flow twin flow model aerated flow free surface

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Efficiency of sediment transport by flood and its control in the Lower Yellow River

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2004年第z1期47卷 173-185页

作者： NI Jinren1, LIU Xiaoyong2, LI Tianhong1, ZHAO Ye’an3 & JIN Ling1 1. Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University The Key Laboratory of water and Sedi- ment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, china 2. General institute of water Resources and hydropower Planning and Design, Ministry of water Re- sources, Beijing 100011, china 3. The Yellow River conservancy Commission, zhengzhou 450003, china Department of Environmental Engineering Peking University The Key Laboratory of water and Sediment Sciences Ministry of Education

This paper presents the characteristics of sediment transport by flood in the Lower Yellow River with the reach from Huayuankou to Gaocun, which is regarded as a typical braided pattern. The Artificial Neural Network Model on water Use for Sediment Transport (WUST) by flood was established based on the measured data from 1980 to 1998. Consequently, simulations of controlling process of sediment transport by flood were made in terms of the control theory under different scenarios. According to the situation of sediment transport by flood in the Lower Yellow River, Open-Loop control system and feedback control system were adopted in system design. In the Open-Loop control system, numerical simulations were made to reveal the relationship between average discharge of flood and the WUST with varying sediment concentrations. The results demonstrate that sediment concentration has significant influence on the controlling process of flood flow to WUST. It is practical and efficient to control WUST if sediment concentration is less than 20 kg/m3. In the feedback control system, controlling processes of sediment concentration and flood discharge for sediment transport were simulated respectively under given conditions, and it was found that sediment transport process could be controlled completely by sediment concentration and discharge at the inlet of the reach from Huayuankou to Gaocun. Using the same method, controlling processes of sediment transport by flood in other reaches in the Lower Yellow River were also simulated. For the case of sediment concentration being 20 kg/m3, the optimized controlling discharge ranges from 2390 to 2900 m3/s in the lower reach of Huayuankou. This study is also of significance to flood control and flushing sediment in the Lower Yellow River with proper operation modes of Xiaolangdi Reservoir.

关键词： the Lower Yellow River, flood, sediment transport, efficiency, simulation, control.

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The Energy Growth Property for Harmonic Maps

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Chinese Quarterly Journal of Mathematics 1996年第1期11卷 53-55页

作者： Li Hongyi Zhao Di(north china institute of water conservancy and Hydroelectric Power, zhengzhou, 450045 ) 华北水利电力学院河南郑州 450045 华北水利电力学院河南郑州

In this paper,we study the energy growth property for a class of harmonic maps. A special estimation of energy growth is obtained.

关键词： harmonic maps energy density

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