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Biogas recovery from microwave heated sludge by anaerobic digestion

Science china(Technological Sciences) 2010年第1期53卷 144-149页

作者： QIAO Wei1,WANG Wei2,ZHU CuiPing3 & ZHANG ZhongZhi1 1 college of Chemical Science and Engineering,china University of Petroleum,beijing 102249,china 2 Department of Environmental Science and Engineering,Tsinghua University,beijing 10084,china 3 j & k china cleaning energy technology co.ltd.,beijing 100085,china college of Chemical Science and Engineering China University of Petroleum Beijing China Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing China j & k china cleaning energy technology co. ltd. Beijing China

Biogas generated from sewage sludge,livestock waste,and food waste by anaerobic digestion is a valuable renewable energy ***,conventional anaerobic digestion is not an efficient process.A long hydraulic retention time and low biogas recovery rate hinder the applications of those *** effective pretreatment method to destroy sludge microbial cells has been one of the major concerns regarding improvement of the biogas *** article focuses on the effects of microwave heating on sludge anaerobic *** suspended solid(VSS) and chemical organic demand solubilization of heated sludge were *** heating was found to be a rapid and efficient process for releasing organic substrates from *** increase of organic dissolution ratio was not obvious when holding time was over 5 min with microwave *** effect of the VSS solubilization was primarily dependent on heating *** highest value of VSS dissolving ratio,36.4%,was obtained at 170°C for 30 *** coD dissolving ratio was about 25% at 170°*** organic carbon of treated sludge liquor was 1.98 and 2.73 g/L at 150°C and 170°C for 5 min,respectively.A biochemical methane potential(BMP) test of excess sludge and a mixture of primary and excess sludge demonstrated an increase in biogas *** total biogas from microwave treated mixture sludge increased by 12.9% to 20.2% over control after 30 days of *** production was 11.1% to 25.9% higher for excess sludge than for untreated *** VS removal ratios of mixture sludge and excess sludge were 12% and 11% higher,respectively,compared to the untreated sludge.

关键词： biogas recovery microwave heating sludge anaerobic digestion

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Estimation of methane and nitrous oxide emissions from biomass waste in china:A case study in Hebei Province

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2010年第1期53卷 19-23页

作者： LUO YuXiang1,WANG Wei1,WAN Xiao2,DENG Zhou2 & ZHU CuiPing2 1 Department of Environmental Science and Engineering,Tsinghua University,beijing 10084,china 2 j&k china cleaning energy technology company Limited,beijing 100085,china Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing China j&k china cleaning energy technology company Limited Beijing China

Crop residue,animal manure and MSW are selected as representative biomass *** gas emissions from treatment and disposal process of biomass waste in Hebei province are estimated for the period from 2002 to 2007,using the methodologies recommended by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate *** gas emission was about 10 Mt co2-equivalent *** 6% of greenhouse gas emission came from open burning of crop residue,74% from management system of animal manure,and 20% from MSW *** all the greenhouse gas sources,landfill is the most concentrated one,and has significant potential of emission reduction.

关键词： biomass waste methane nitrous oxide IPCC methodology

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Measurement Methodology for Monitoring Fouling Resistance in condenser of Chiller

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湖南大学学报（自然科学版） 2009年第S1期36卷 119-122页

作者： YU Dan1,3,GAN Li-si1,CAO Yong2(1.beijing University of technology,beijing 100022,china 2.Build Environment and energy Efficiency,china Academy of Building Research,beijing 100013,china 3.beijing Institute of Civil Engineering and Architecture,beijing 100044,china) beijing University of technology Beijing 100022 China beijing Institute of Civil Engineering and Architecture Beijing 100044 China Build Environment and energy Efficiency China Academy of Building Research Beijing 100013 China

This paper established an on-line monitoring model for fouling resistance of cooling water based on heat transfer theory,which was mainly applied to the fouling resistance test for condenser of chiller in operation,and the test requirements were *** proves that the load ratio of chiller has big influence on the test result,and the best load ratio for test is the range of 80%～100%.A case has been executed to validate the model's feasibility.

关键词： fouling resistance monitoring condenser cooling water

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Dark output characteristic of γ-ray irradiated CMOS digital image sensors

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Rare Metals 2002年第1期21卷 79-84页

作者： MENG Xiangti and kANG A iguo Institute of Nuclear energy technology, Tsinghua University, beijing 100084, china Institute of Nuclear energy technology Tsinghua University 北京 100084

The quality of dark output images from the CMOS (complementarymetal oxide semiconductor) black and white (B & W) digital imagesensors captured before and after γ-ray irradiation was studied. Thecharacteristic parameters of the dark output images captured atdifferent radiation dose, e.g. average brightness and itsnon-uniformity of dark out- put images, were analyzed by our testsoftware. The primary explanation for the change of the parameterswith the radi- ation dose was given.

关键词： CMOS digital image sensor gamma radiation dark output characteristic Si

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Optimal reactions for the synthesis of superheavy nucleus ^(270)Hs

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Science china(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2006年第6期49卷 641-648页

作者： LIU Zuhua1,3 & BAO jingdong1,2 1. key Laboratory of Beam technology and Material Modification of Ministry of Education, beijing Normal University, beijing 100875, china 2. Physics Department, beijing Normal University, beijing 100875, china 3. china Institute of Atomic energy, beijing 102413, china key Laboratory of Beam technology and Material Modification of Ministry of Education Beijing Normal University Beijing China china Institute of Atomic energy Beijing China Physics Department Beijing Normal University Beijing China

The superheavy nucleus 270Hs is expected to be a “double-magic” deformed nucleus. We have calculated its cross sections of evaporation residue for the reactions 248Cm(26Mg,4n)270Hs, 244Pu(30Si,4n)270Hs, 238U(36S,4n)270Hs and 226Ra(48Ca,4n)270Hs using a two-parameter Smoluchowski equation. It is found from our results that 226Ra(48Ca,4n)270Hs and 238U(36S,4n)270Hs are two optimal reactions for the synthesis of the superheavy nucleus 270Hs due to their large negative Q-values.

关键词： diffused fusion barrier,Smoluchowski equation,superheavy nuclei.

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A preliminary study on seismic design criteria of offshore platforms in Bohai Sea of china

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2010年第2期9卷 223-231页

作者： Peng Yanju1,Lu Yuejun1,Yan jiaquan2,Tang Rongyu1,Wang junqin3 and Li jiagang3 1. Institute of Crustal Dynamics,china Earthquake Administration,beijing 100085,china 2. Institute of Geophysics,china Earthquake Administration,beijing 100081,china 3. beijing Research Center of china National Offshore Oil corp.,beijing 100027,china Institute of Crustal Dynamics China Earthquake Administration Beijing China Institute of Geophysics China Earthquake Administration Beijing China beijing Research Center of china National Offshore Oil corp. Beijing China

This paper analyzes the seismicity in Bohai Sea,introducing a shape factor k to characterize the seismic risk distribution in sub-regions of the sea. Based on the seismic design ground motions for 46 platforms located in the Bohai Sea,a statistical analysis was performed for different peak ground acceleration (PGA) ratios at two different probability levels. In accordance with the two-stage design method,a scheme of two seismic design levels is proposed,and two seismic design objectives are established respectively for the strength level earthquake and the ductility level earthquake. By analogy with and comparison to the Chinese seismic design code for buildings,it is proposed that the probability level for the strength level earthquake and ductility level earthquake have a return period of 200 and 1000 - 2500 years,respectively. The validity of these proposed values is discussed. Finally,the PGAs corresponding to these two probability levels are calculated for different sub-regions of the Bohai Sea.

关键词： fixed offshore platform seismic design level seismic design objective return period Bohai Sea

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comparative study on co_2 corrosion behavior of N80,P110,X52 and 13Cr pipe lines in simulated stratum water

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2010年第9期53卷 2342-2349页

作者： CAI YiDong1,GUO PengChao1,LIU DaMeng1,CHEN ShiYu2 & LIU junLai3 1 School of energy Resources,china University of Geosciences,beijing 100083,china 2 School of Materials Science and Engineering,University of Science and technology beijing,beijing 100083,china 3 School of Earth Sciences and Resources,china University of Geosciences,beijing 100083,china School of energy Resources China University of Geosciences Beijing China School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing China School of Earth Sciences and Resources China University of Geosciences Beijing China

To better understand the carbon dioxide (co2) corrosion behavior of carbon steel and its influence on petroleum development (including drilling,production and transportation) in the Daqing Oilfield,co2 corrosion behaviors of N80,P110,X52 and 13Cr pipe lines in simulated solution at high temperature and high pressure condition are investigated by dynamic corrosion experiments,scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) *** show that the corrosion rate of all pipe lines increases quickly when co2 partial pressure increases from 0.5 to 1.5 MPa,but it slows down when co2 partial pressure further increases from 1.5 to 4.5 MPa,during which localized corrosion is *** the experimental temperature ranges from 60 to 120°C,localized corrosion *** corrosion rate of all pipe lines decreases sharply when the temperature changes from 60 to 100°C,and it becomes stable after the temperature is higher than 100°*** the flow rate is in the range of 0–1.5 m/s,the corrosion rate of sample X52 remains unchanged,but localized corrosion gradually becomes very serious when the flow rate further *** analyzing the corrosion product scales of sample 13Cr,some remarkable phenomena are *** the temperature range of 60–100°C,the corrosion product scales are loose and thick,but become very compact when the temperature increases above 100°*** the later case,localized corrosion is *** main components of the corrosion product scales are Feco3 and Cr2O3.

关键词： co2 corrosion pipe lines weight loss SEM EDS

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STUDY OF Ag DIFFUSION INTO Cu SINGLE CRYSTALS BY RUTHERFORD BACkSCATTERING SPECTROMETRY

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2003年第5期16卷 332-334页

作者： R.Wang 1) key Laboratory of Beam technology and Materials Modification, Ministry of Education, beijing 100875, china2) Institute of Low energy Nuclear Physics, beijing Normal University, beijing 100875, china3) beijing Radiation Center, beijing 100875, china Lab. of Beam Technol. Inst. of Low Energy Nucl. Phys. Beijing Normal Univ. Beijing 100875 China beijing Radiation Ctr. Beijing 100875 China

4.0Me V 7Li++ RBS was used for investigations of thermal diffusion of Ag in Cu single crystals. The annealing of samples was carried out in vacuum in the temperature range from 498k to 613k. The element depth concentration profiles transformed from RBS spectra indicate that the diffusion of Ag into Cu is a typical volume diffusion. The Arrhenius parameters corresponding to the diffusion were obtained.

关键词： Ag diffusion single crystal

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Synthesis, structure characterization, and ion exchange properties of a novel open-framework ecomaterial silicotitanate

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Rare Metals 2002年第3期21卷 170-174页

作者： YU Bo, WENMingfen, CHEN jing, and SONG ChongliInstitute ofNuclear energy technology, Tsinghua University, beijing 00084, china Institute of Nuclear energy technology Tsinghua University 北京 100084

A novel open-framework ecomaterial silicotitanate (Na_4Ti_4Si_3O_(10)) wassynthesized by a combination of solgel and hydrothermal methods. The investigation on ion exchangeproperties shows that Na_4Ti_4Si_3O_(10) exhibits high ad-sorption for cesium, i.e., k_d is as highas 60 000 mL/g in neutral solution. The crystal structure of Na_4Ti_4Si_3O_(10) was characterized byX-ray difiraction (XRD), scanning electronic microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope(TEM), Raman spectrum, differential thermal and thermogravimetric analysis (DTA/TGA), inductivelycoupled plasma (ICP), and X fluorescence analysis. The compound is tetragonal, P4_2, a=b = 0.781 10nm, c = 1.196 45 nm, alpha =beta = gamma = 90 deg, Z = 4, and R^a = 0.041; Na_4Ti_4Si_3O_(10) has athree dimensional framework consisting of Ti-O octahedral clusters and Si-O tetrahedra. The resultsshow that Na_4Ti_4Si_3O_(10) has good chemical stability, thermal stability, and high cesium ionexchange capacity in the whole pH range.

关键词： ion exchange silicotitanate characterization adsorption

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A 12-bit multichannel ADC for pixel detectors in particle physics and nuclear imaging

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2010年第5期53卷 1208-1214页

作者： WEI Wei1,2,3,WANG Zheng1,3 & ZHAO jingWei1,3 1 Institute of High energy Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,beijing 100049,china 2 Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,beijing 100049,china 3 key Lab of Nuclear Detection technology and Nuclear Electronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences,beijing 100049,china Institute of High energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China key Lab of Nuclear Detection technology and Nuclear Electronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Modern pixel detectors in nuclear and particle physics experiments and also in nuclear imaging,starve for highly integrated application specified integrated circuit(ASIC),whereas in china the study of ASIC still stays far away from practical *** lack of ASIC strictly limits the research and development of domestic high energy physics field.A 12-bit multichannel ADC designed for high density readout is introduced as a major candidate for solution.A precise model is discussed and the simulation fully agrees with the model,which indicates a key principle of *** is performed according to the given rule,and novel layout techniques are carried *** results in all aspects are also obtained,showing an excellent real performance,which satisfies the practical requirement.

关键词： application specified integrated circuit high density readout Wilkinson ADC multi-channel ADC

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