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Torque model of hydro turbine with inner energy loss characteristics

science china(Technological sciences) 2010年第10期53卷 2826-2832页

作者： ZENG Yun1,2, GUO YaKun2, ZHANG LiXiang1, XU TianMao3 & DONG HongKui4 1 Construction Engineering College, kunming university of science and technology, kunming 650051, china 2 School of Engineering, university of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK 3 computing center, kunming university of science and technology, kunming 650051, china 4 Hydraulic Energy Department, Yunnan Electric Power Test and Research Institute, kunming 650217, china Construction Engineering College Kunming University of Science and Technology School of Engineering University of Aberdeen

This paper presents the result and analysis of the composition of energy loss occurring in the hydro turbine. Two new types of energy losses,namely the hydraulic loss in the flow channel and the impact loss,are defined. All losses within the hydro turbine are divided into four types and the loss coefficients are defined accordingly. Expressions or characteristic descriptions of these losses as well as the calibration method of the loss coefficients are presented. Furthermore,the torque model of the hydro turbine where the inner energy loss takes place is established. The developed model has been used to calculate the power loss due to the mechanical friction generated by the units’ rotation to solve the difficulty of measurements of the mechanical friction loss in the hydro turbine. The definition of the impact loss explains the phenomenon that the loss of no-load is greater than that of the rated operation. A set of conversion coefficients are defined using the characteristic parameters at the rated operation,which are used to transform the parameters in the torque model into those that are easily measured. Therefore,the expression of the hydro turbine power is converted into a function that has the main servomotor displacement as its single variable. This makes the proposed model be convenient to use. Finally,the proposed model and methods are calibrated and verified using the measured data of a hydropower plant. Good agreement between the modeled results and the measurements indicates that the proposed model can represent the inner energy loss characteristics of the hydro turbine.

关键词： hydraulic loss in flow channel impact loss loss coefficients conversion coefficients

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Impact of ozonation on disinfection byproducts formation from phenylalanine during chlorination

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2024年第10期144卷 199-211页

作者： Sinong Huang Hongwei Liu kunming Wei Liang Zhang Xiaoyan Ma Qingsong Li Xueyan Li Andrea M.Dietrich College of Civil Engineering Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Civil Engineering Structures&Disaster Prevention and Mitigation TechnologyZhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou 310023China Water Resources and Environmental Institute Xiamen University of TechnologyXiamen 361005China School of Environmental science and Engineering Suzhou University of Science and TechnologySuzhou 215009China Civil and Environmental Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityBlackburgVA 24061USA

As a strong oxidizing agent,ozone is used in some water treatment facilities for disinfection,taste and odor control,and removal of organic ***(Phe)was used as the target amino acid to comprehensively investigate variability of disinfection byproducts(DBPs)formation during chlorine disinfection and residual chlorine conditions subsequent to *** results showed that subsequent to ozonation,the typical regulated and unregulated DBPs formation potential(DBPsFP),including trichloromethane(TCM),dichloroacetonitrile(DCAN),chloral hydrate(CH),dichloroacetic acid(DCAA),trichloroacetic acid(TCAA),and trichloroacetamide(TCAcAm)increased substantially,by 2.4,3.3,5.6,1.2,2.5,and 6.0 times,respectively,compared with only *** also significantly increased the DBPs yield under a 2 day simulated residual chlorine condition that mimicked the water distribution *** formations followed pseudo first order *** formation rates of DBPs in the first 6 hr were higher for TCM(0.214 hr^(−1)),DCAN(0.244 hr^(−1)),CH(0.105 hr^(−1)),TCAcAm(0.234 hr^(−1)),DCAA(0.375 hr^(−1))and TCAA(0.190 hr^(−1))than *** peak DBPsFP of TCM,DCAN,CH,TCAcAm,DCAA,and TCAA were obtained when that ozonation time was set at 5–15 *** times>30 min increased the mineralization of Phe and decreased the formation of DBPs upon *** bromine ion(Br^(−1))concentration increased production of bromine-DBPs and decreased chlorine-DBPs formation by 59.3%–92.2%.Higher ozone dosages and slight alkaline favored to reduce DBP formation and *** ozonation conditions should be optimized for all application purposes including DBPs reduction.

关键词： Ozone Amino acids Chlorination Disinfection by-products

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Dielectric polymer grafted electrodes enhanced aqueous supercapacitors

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Nano Research 2024年第3期17卷 1525-1534页

作者： Shian Dong kunming Shi Jie Chen Yingke Zhu Hongfei Li Weihang Gao Zhenli Xu Qinglei Liu Xingyi Huang Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix CompositesShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China School of Mathematical sciences Institute of Natural Sciences and MOE−LSCShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

Supercapacitors(SCs)have become increasingly important in electrical energy storage and delivery owing to their high power densities and long *** SCs are promising for large-scale engineering applications because of their low cost and ***,the low operating voltage and low energy density of aqueous SCs severely limit their practical *** this study,a nanoscale dielectric layer is grafted onto a graphene electrode to achieve both a high operating voltage and enhanced *** with an SC without dielectric grafting,a dielectric-enhanced SC(DESC)shows a higher capacitance by 2200%.The mechanism of the capacitance enhancement can be attributed to three factors:the dielectric polarization,the ions desolvation by the dielectric,and the enhanced quantum capacitance from charge transfer and ion adsorption in the polymer *** addition,a 2.5 V pouch DESC with a 1 M KCl electrolyte is confirmed to cycle up to 50,000 times with a capacitance retention of 87.5%.The DESC presents the optimal electrochemical properties after it is grafted with a 5 nm dielectric *** study provides new insights into the design of high-voltage and high-energy-density aqueous SCs.

关键词： supercapacitors dielectric polymer high voltage capacitance enhancement

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Full T-cell activation and function in teleosts require collaboration of first and co-stimulatory signals

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Zoological Research 2024年第1期45卷 13-24页

作者： Wei Liang Kang Li Haiyou Gao kunming Li Jiansong Zhang Qian Zhang Xinying Jiao Jialong Yang Xiumei Wei State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research School of Life SciencesEast China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdaoShandong 266237China

Mammalian T-cell responses require synergism between the first signal and co-stimulatory ***,whether and how dual signaling regulates the T-cell response in early vertebrates remains *** the present study,we discovered that the Nile tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus)encodes key components of the LAT signalosome,namely,LAT,ITK,GRB2,VAV1,SLP-76,GADS,and PLC-γ*** components are evolutionarily conserved,and CD3εmAb-induced T-cell activation markedly increased their ***,at least ITK,GRB2,and VAV1 were found to interact with LAT for signalosome *** of the first signal,the NF-κB,MAPK/ERK,and PI3K-AKT pathways were activated upon CD3εmAb ***,treatment of lymphocytes with CD28 mAbs triggered the AKT-mTORC1 pathway downstream of the co-stimulatory *** CD3εand CD28 mAb stimulation enhanced ERK1/2 and S6 phosphorylation and elevated NFAT1,c-Fos,IL-2,CD122,and CD44 expression,thereby signifying T-cell ***,rather than relying on the first or co-stimulatory signal alone,both signals were required for T-cell *** T-cell activation was accompanied by marked apoptosis and cytotoxic *** findings suggest that tilapia relies on dual signaling to maintain an optimal T-cell response,providing a novel perspective for understanding the evolution of the adaptive immune system.

关键词： Oreochromis niloticus CD3 CD28 T cells Adaptive immunity Evolution

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Activation of biomass-derived porous carbon for supercapacitors:A review

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第7期35卷 121-138页

作者： Zixuan Guo Xiaoshuai Han Chunmei Zhang Shuijian He kunming Liu Jiapeng Hu Weisen Yang Shaoju Jian Shaohua Jiang Gaigai Duan Jiangsu Co-Innovation center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and MaterialsCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037China Institute of Materials science and Devices Suzhou University of Science and TechnologySuzhou 215009China Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry Jiangxi University of Science and TechnologyGanzhou 341000China Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Industrial Green technology Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Technology of Fujian Province UniversityCollege of Ecological and Resources EngineeringWuyi UniversityWuyishan 354300China

Due to the advantages of renewable,low pollution and wide distribution of biomass resources,it is selected as the electrode material for *** carbon-based electrode materials,specific surface area and pore structure have a great *** and summarizing the influence of activation on pore structure will greatly broaden this *** on the activation mechanism of activator,this paper summarizes the latest progress of biomass activation applied to supercapacitors,including traditional physical and chemical activation methods and non-traditional methods such as biological activation method,self-activation method,template assisted activation method and green activator ***,the challenges,strategies and prospects for the future development of biomass-derived carbon material activation are pointed *** summary,this review will help researchers choose appropriate strategies to design biomass-derived carbon electrode materials for supercapacitors,thereby promoting the application of biomass materials.

关键词： Biomass-derived Activation Pore structure Electrochemistry Supercapacitor

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Comparison of the Molecular Interaction Volume Model with the Unified Interaction Parameter Formalism in the Fe-Cr-Ni Liquid Alloys at 1873 K

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Journal of Materials science & technology 2006年第4期22卷 559-564页

作者： Dongping TAO Faculty of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, kunming university of science and technology, kunming 650093, china Faculty of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650093 China

The molecular interaction volume model (MIVM) for a general ternary system was deduced in detail for further clarifying and understanding its general multicomponent expression. Both MIVM and the unified interaction parameter formalism (UIPF) can be used to predict the activities of solutes and solvents in the Fe-Cr-Ni liquid alloys. But the former employs only the infinite dilute activity coefficients, and the later is not applicable without the dilute binary and ternary interaction parameters. MIVM has a certain physical meaning from the viewpoint of statistical thermodynamics, so it is an alternative for the estimation of activity coefficients of the solutes and solvents in a dilute or finite concentration metal solution where the interaction parameters are absent or their accuracies are questionable.

关键词： Activity Prediction Molecular interaction volume model Unified interaction parameter formalism

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Desulfurization of Nickel Pyrrhotite by Steam in the Microwave Field

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Journal of Materials science & technology 2001年第5期17卷 561-564页

作者： Jinhui PENG and Chunpeng LIU Department of Metallurgy, kunming university of science and technology, kunming 650093, china Dept. of Metall. Kunming Univ. of Sci. and Technol. Kunming 650093 China

Desulfurization of Ni pyrrhotite by steam in the microwave field was studied. According to the experimental data, the desulfurization rate by microwave heating is faster than that by conventional one. The desulfurization reaction is in a non-isothermal state and in a diffusion control because of the effect of chemical reaction heat, phase formation and intrinsic properties of materials of microwave absorbability. When the flow rate of steam was in the range of 180 similar to 220 mL/min, the temperature and desulfurization rate approached to a maximum and the activation energy to a minimum.

关键词： Ni Desulfurization of Nickel Pyrrhotite by Steam in the Microwave Field

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Phase behavior of TXs/toluene/water microemulsion systems for solubilization absorption of toluene

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2010年第2期22卷 271-276页

作者： Lian Liu,Senlin Tian ,Ping Ning Faculty of Environmental science and Engineering,kunming university of science and technology,kunming 650093,china Faculty of Environmental science and Engineering Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650093 Chin

Triton Xs （TXs） surfactants/cosurfactant/water/oil （toluene） microemulsion systems for enhancing toluene solubilization were proposed and its potential was investigated for toluene removal from gas stream. The results indicated that TX-100 was superior to other TXs surfactants in removing toluene without cosurfactant. The efficiency of cosurfactants for improving toluene solubilization capacity follows the order： amine 〉 alcohol 〉 acid. According to the factor analysis, the linear cosurfactants are better than the branched ones. The effects of hydrophile-lipophile balance （HLB）, salt （NaCl） concentration and temperature on the formation of microemulsion system were also discussed. The results suggested that the optimum value of HLB was 15, the effect of NaCl concentration on the system was inconspicuous and the lower temperature enhanced the solubilization capacity. Nonionic surfactant-based microemulsions had a significant absorption enhancement for toluene, indicated by as much as 82.72% of toluene in phase composition diagram, which will have a great prospect in air pollution treatment.

关键词： microemulsion phase behavior absorption toluene

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Evaporation Kinetics of SnS from SnS-Cu_2S Melts

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Journal of Materials science & technology 1998年第1期14卷 45-48页

作者： Yixin HUA and Chunpeng LIU (Dept. of Metallurgy, kunming university of science and technology, kunming 650093, china) Dept. of Metallurgy Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650093 China

The kinetics of SnS evaporation from SnS-Cu2S melts was investigated by a unique experimental method. It is shown that the process is controlled by the mass transport of SnS in gas phase. The evaporation rate of SnS is significantly enhanced by increasing tempeature and carrier gas flow rate. The apparent activation energy for the process is found to be 204.67 kJ. The evaporation rate for the present system is much smaller than that for SnS-FeS system.

关键词： SnS Cu Evaporation Kinetics of SnS from SnS-Cu2S Melts

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Microstructure Evolution in Laser RS Co-base Metastable Alloy

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Chinese Journal of Lasers 1995年第5期B4卷 475-480页

作者： WANG Anan CHENG Shunqi GUO Zhiyao (kunming university of science and technology,kunming 650093,china)YUN Bo (Micoanalysis center,Yunnan university,kunming 650091,china) Yunnan Univ Kunming China

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关键词： laser rapid solidification eutectic carbide defects

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