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Development of distributed time-variant gain model for nonlinear hydrological systems

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第6期48卷 713-723页

作者： XIA Jun1, 2, WANG Gangsheng1, TAN Ge1, YE Aizhong2 & G. H. Huang3 1. Key Laboratory of Water Cycle & Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, china 2. State Key Laboratory of Water resources & Hydropower Engineering Sciences, Wuhan university, Wuhan 4.0072, china 3. Faculty of Engineering, university of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, Sask., S4. 0A2, Canada Correspondence should be addressed to Xia Jun 1. Key Laboratory of Water Cycle & Related Land Surface Processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences 100101 Beijing China 2. State Key Laboratory of Water resources & Hydropower Engineering Sciences Wuhan University 430072 Wuhan China 3. Faculty of Engineering University of Regina 3737 Wascana Parkway S4S 0A2 Sask Regina Canada

In this paper, a rainfall-runoff modeling system is developed based on a nonlinear Volterra functional series and a hydrological conceptual modeling approach. Two models, i.e. the time-variant gain model (TVGM) and the distributed time-variant gain model (DTVGM) that are built on the platform of Digital Elevation Model (DEM), Remote Sensing (RS) and Unit Hydro-logical Process were proposed. The developed DTVGM model was applied to two cases in the Heihe River Basin that is located in the arid and semiarid region of northwestern china and the Chaobai River basin located in the semihumid region of northern china. The results indicate that, in addition to the classic dynamic differential approach to describe nonlinear processes in hy-drological systems, it is possible to study such complex processes through the proposed sys-tematic approach to identify prominent hydrological relations. The DTVGM, coupling the advan-tages of both nonlinear and distributed hydrological models, can simulate variant hydrological processes under different environment conditions. Satisfactory results were obtained in fore-casting the time-space variations of hydrological processes and the relationships between land use/cover change and surface runoff variation.

关键词： hydrological process, nonlinearity, time-variant gain model, distributed hydrological model.

Cultural Relevance for Rural Community Development in china: A Case Study in Bai, Jingpo and Huyaodai Communities of Yunnan Province

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Chinese Journal of Population,resources and environment 2007年第2期5卷 78-83页

作者： Cai Kui1, Du Juan2, Dai Cong3, Hu Huabin4.1. Center for Rural Development Studies, Yunnan university, Kunming Yunnan 650091, china 2. Institute of Ethnology, Yunnan Academy of Social Science, Kunming Yunnan 650034. china 3. Institute of Economics, Yunnan Academy of Social Science, Kunming Yunnan 650034. china 4. Xishuangbanna Tropical Botany Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunan 650223, china Center for Rural Development Studies Yunnan University Kunming Yunnan 650091 China Institute of Ethnology Yunnan Academy of Social Science Kunming Yunnan 650034 China Institute of Economics Yunnan Academy of Social Science Kunming Yunnan 650034 China Xishuangbanna Tropical Botany Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming Yunnan 650223 China

A three-year study over the Bai, Jingpo and Huayaodai communities in Yunnan Province reveals that the community development is significantly influenced in various ways by such cultural factors as the concepts of development; concepts and traditions of inter-community relationships, consumption, mar- riage and gender; patterns of decision-making and production, resource and income allocation; as well as the role of information dissemination systems, religion and ritual. Based on the analysis over the interactive relevance between each factor and community development, some strategies and methods for dealing with such a cultural relevance in development projects are recommended.

关键词： ethnic minority cultural relevance community development

Soil Nutrients in Intensive Agricultural Areas with Different Land-Use Types in Qingzhou County, china

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Pedosphere 2007年第2期17卷 165-171页

作者： ZHAO Geng-Xing LI Xiu- Juan WANG Ri-Yan LI Tao YUE Yu-De College of resources and environment Shandong Agricultural University Tai＇an 271018 （China）. Soil ＆ Fertilizer Working Station of shandong Jinan 250100 （China） Qingzhou Agricultural Bureau Qingzhou 262500 （China）

On the basis of the data obtained from a field survey, the relationship between land use and soil nutrients was evaluated in Qingzhou County, shandong Province, china, through a statistical analysis of differences in 17 nutrients in five types of cultivated land. The results showed significant effects (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) of land-use type on soil organic matter and concentration of macronutrients, secondary nutrients, and micronutrients, as well as total salt and soil pH. In vegetable land, because of the large amounts of fertilizer applied to vegetable crops, the concentrations of most soil nutrients, with exception of available Si and micronutrients, were higher than those in grain cropland. Grain cropland had a significantly lower total salt content (P < 0.01) and tended to have a higher soil pH than vegetable land. Within subtypes of land use, dry land, irrigable land, and open-air vegetable land had the highest coefficient of variation (CV) for available P, whereas protected vegetable land had the highest CV for total N and available S. In general, land-use types had greater impact on macronutrients than on secondary nutrients and micronutrients.

关键词： cultivated land land-use type Qingzhou County soil nutrients

Effects of Caragana Korshinskii Kom. cover on runoff, sediment yield and nitrogen loss

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2010年第3期25卷 245-257页

作者： Guan-Hua ZHANG1,Guo-Bin LIU2?, and Guo-Liang WANG31 Ph.D., College of Resource and environment, Northwest A and F university YangLing, Shaanxi 712100, china, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Science and Ministry of Water resources, YangLing Shaanxi 712100, china. 2 Prof., Researcher. Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Science and Ministry of Water resources, YangLing Shaanxi 712100, china, College of Resource and environment, Northwest A and F university, YangLing, Shaanxi 712100, china, 3 Assistant Researcher, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Science and Ministry of Water resources, YangLing Shaanxi 712100, china. [a] Ph.D. College of Resource environment Northwest A F university YangLing Shaanxi 712100 China Institute of Soil Water Conservation Chinese Academy of Science Ministry of Water resources YangLing Shaanxi 712100 China [b] Prof. Researcher. Institute of Soil Water Conservation Chinese Academy of Science Ministry of Water resources YangLing Shaanxi 712100 China College of Resource environment Northwest A F university YangLing Shaanxi 712100 China [c] Assistant Researcher Institute of Soil Water Conservation Chinese Academy of Science Ministry of Water resources YangLing Shaanxi 712100 China

Soil erosion is serious in the Loess Plateau of china. Deposition of the eroded sediment in lakes or rivers may lead to eutrophication, because the sediment carries a lot of nutrients. Field experiments were conducted to study soil erosion and loss of nitrogen (N) from a 15o hillslope with 30% (low) or 80% (high) coverage of the shrub Caragana korshinskii Kom. A bare soil plot was used for the comparison. The results showed that Caragana korshinskii cover significantly reduced runoff and soil erosion. In comparison to the bare soil plot, the vegetation covered plots had about 20% less runoff and 65% less sediment. In general, the concentration of N in both runoff water and the eroded sediment decreased with time and approached a steady value. However, the species of nitrate nitrogen (NO3) was exceptional which increased with time slightly. The soil erosion caused an N loss of about 250 mg/m2 for the bare soil plot, the low coverage of Caragana korshinskii reduced the N loss by 20% and the high coverage of Caragana korshinskii reduced the N loss by 4.%. Moreover, the amount of total N in eroded sediment was 2 to 3 times higher than the value in runoff water. In the total N loss, the organic N was about 75-80%. Nevertheless, inorganic N in runoff water was 5 to 10 times higher than the value in eroded sediment. The species of NO3 was obviously higher than the species of ammonium nitrogen (NH4.. NO3 was the main species of inorganic N loss and was about two thirds of total. The organic N was the main species of N in the eroded sediment.

关键词： C. korshinskii cover Runoff Sediment Nitrogen loss Simulated rainfall

Element geochemistry and cleaning potential of the No. 11 coal seam from Antaibao mining district

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第12期48卷 2142-2154页

作者： WANG Wenfeng1, QIN Yong1, SONG Dangyu2, SANG Shuxun1, JIANG Bo1, ZHU Yanming1 & FU Xuehai1 1. College of resources & Geosciences, china university of Mining and technology, Xuzhou 221008, china 2. State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong university of Science and technology, Wuhan 4.0074. china 1. College of resources & Geosciences China University of Mining and Technology 221008 Xuzhou China 2. State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion Huazhong University of Science and Technology 430074 Wuhan China

Based on the analyses of sulfur and 4. other elements in 8 channel samples of the No. 11 coal seam from Antaibao surface mine, Shanxi, china and 4.samples from the coal preparation plant of this mine, the distribution of the elements in the seam profile, their geo-chemical partitioning behavior during the coal cleaning and the genetic relationships between the both are studied. The conclusions are drawn as follows. The coal-forming environment was probably invaded by sea water during the post-stage of peatification, which results in the fact that the contents of As, Fe, S, etc. associated closely with sea water tend to increase toward the top of the seam, and that the kaolinite changes into illite and montmorillonite in the coal-sublayer near the roof. These elements studied are dominantly associated with kaolinite, pyrite, illite, montmorillonite, etc., of which the As, Pb, Mn, Cs, Co, Ni, etc. are mainly associated with sulfides, the Mo, V, Nb, Hf, REEs, Ta etc. mainly with kaolintie, the Mg, Al etc. mainly with epigenetic montmorillonite, and the Rb, Cr, Ba, Cu, K, Hg, etc. mainly with epigenetic illite. The physical coal cleaning is not only effective in the removal of ash and sulfur, but also in reducing the concentra-tion of most major and trace elements. The elements Be, U, Sb, W, Br, Se, P, etc. are largely or partly organically bound showing a relatively low removability, while the removability of the other elements studied is more than 20%, of which the Mg, Mn, Hg, Fe, As, K, Al, Cs, and Cr associ-ated mostly with the coarser or epigenetic minerals show a higher removability than that of ash. The distribution of the elements in the seam profile controls their partitioning behavior to a great degree during the coal cleaning processes.

关键词： Antaibao mining district, No.11 coal seam, element geochemistry, cleaning.

Exploration of Science Parks

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Chinese Journal of Population,resources and environment 2005年第1期3卷 55-59页

作者： Xiong Huibing & Sun Nengli 1 2 1. Huazhong Agricultural university, Wuhan Hubei 4.0079, china 2. shandong Normal university, Jinan shandong 250014. china Huazhong Agricultural university Wuhan Hubei 430079 China shandong Normal university Jinan Shandong 250014 China

Science parks have developed greatly in the world, whereas empirical researches have showed that science parks based on linear model cannot guarantee the creation of innovation. Hi-tech innovation is derived from flow and management of information. The commercial and social interactions between in-parks and off-park firms and research institutions act as the key determinant for innovation. Industrial clustering is the rational choice for further developing Chinese science parks and solving some problems such as the lack of clear major industries and strong innovation sense, etc.

关键词： science parks hi-tech industry industrial clusters

Combined Effects of Cadmium and Butachlor on Microbial Activities and Community DNA in a Paddy Soil

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Pedosphere 2009年第5期19卷 623-630页

作者： WANG Jin-Hua DING Hui LU Yi-Tong SHEN Guo-Qing College of resources & environment Shandong Agricultural University Tai'an 271018 (China) Department of environment and Resource College of Agriculture and Biology Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai201101 (China)

Due to frequent soil Cd contamination and wide use of butachlor in china,there is a need to assess their combined toxicity to soil *** combined effects of cadmium(Cd,10 mg kg-1 soil) and herbicide butachlor(10,50,and 100 mg kg-1 soil) on enzyme activities and microbial community structure in a paddy soil were assessed using the traditional enzyme assays and random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD) *** results showed that urease and phosphatase activities were significantly reduced by high butachlor concentration(100 mg kg-1 soil).When the concentrations of Cd and butachlor added were at a ratio of 1:10,urease and phosphatase activities were significantly decreased whereas enzyme activities were greatly improved at the ratio of 1:5,which indicated that the combined effects of Cd and butachlor on soil urease and phosphatase activities depended largely on their addition concentration *** amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD) analysis showed loss of original bands and appearance of new bands when compared with the control *** amplified polymorphic DNA fingerprints suggested substantial differences between the control and treated soil samples,with apparent changes in the number and size of amplified DNA *** addition of high concentration butachlor and the combined impacts of Cd and butachlor significantly affected the diversity of the microbial *** analysis in conjunction with other biomarkers such as soil enzyme parameters would prove a powerful ecotoxicological *** investigations should be carried out to understand the clear link between RAPD patterns and enzyme activity.

关键词： biomarkers microbial community diversity phosphatase random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis urease

The Study of Dynamic Change of Soil Erosion Intensity in Yimeng Mountain Area Based on RS & GIS

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The Study of Dynamic Change of Soil Erosion Intensity in Yim...

Distribution of sterane maturity parameters in a lacustrine basin and their control factors:A case study from the Dongying Sag,East china

海峡两岸三地环境与资源学术研讨会暨第二届中国环境资源与生态保育学会会员代表大会

作者： LI Zhenwei~(1,2),YU Xingxiu~(2,3),LIU Qianjin~(2,3) 1 College of Population resources and environment shandong Normal university Jinan,{4. 250014.2 School of Chemistry & resources environment,Linyi Normal university Linyi,{4. 276000 3 shandong provincial key laboratory of soil and water conservation and environmental protection,276005 Linyi,{4.

Soil erosion is a growing problem in the Yimeng Mountain area which is the representative area of the Rocky Area of Northern *** on three periods TM image data（Sep.1999,Sep.2003,Sep.2008） and will do some quantitative research on the dynamic soil erosion of Yimeng Mountain area in different periods using ERDAS 9.2,ArcGis 9.2 software and *** to the SL190-96 Standard,the intensity in this study area was divided into six degrees,i.e.,minimal,slight,moderate,intense,very intense and severe（Table 1）.The results shows that from the year of 1999 to 2008,soil erosion occurs mainly in minimal,slight,moderate and intense types,and the moderate erosion type was highest of all above the slight erosion *** the year of 1999 to 2003,the minimal degree soil erosion decreased by 4.3.74.m, while the region which was above light degree erosion increased by 4.6.52km,which explains that the soil erosion of Yimeng mountain area shows the increasing tendency in five *** the year of 2003 to 2008, the minimal degree soil erosion increased by 559.08km,it mainly transformed by slight and moderate erosion type,which shows the decreasing tendency of the soil erosion intensity in Yimeng mountain area.

关键词：

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Petroleum Science 2011年第3期8卷 290-301页

作者： Chen Zhonghong Zha Ming Jin Qiang Ren Yongjun College of Geo-resources and Information China University of Petroleum Qingdao Shandong 266555 China

Fifty samples from the source rocks in Member 3 and Member 4.of the Paleogene Shahejie Formation in the Bohai Bay Basin, East china, were analyzed to investigate the distribution, evolution of the molecular maturity ratios C29ββ/（ββ＋αα） and C2920S/（20S＋20R） and their control factors in the natural geological profile and sequence. The results showed that progressive changes in molecular maturity parameters are associated with major changes in thermal evolution of related biomarkers. Increases in the C29ββ/（ββ＋αα） and C2920S/（20S＋20R） ratios result from the difference in the relative rate between generation and thermal degradation of isomers involved. The samples from a hyper-saline environment below 3.5 km in which evaporitic rocks deposited shows high response of Sr/Ba, Sr/Ca, Fe/ Mn, Pr/n-C17, Ph/n-C18 and gammacerane and low response of Pr/Ph. There presents negative reversal of biomarker maturity C29ββ/（ββ＋αα, C29ββ/（ββ＋αα） and Ts/（Ts＋Ym） in the samples from hypersaline environment, reflecting that the gypsum- halite have negative effect on the isomerization of biomarker and thermal evolution of organic matter. The minerals in evaporites also retard the conventional thermal indicators including vitrinite reflectance （Ro） and pyrolysis peak temperature Tmax at the depth below 3.4.km （i.e. 〉3.4.km）, and these parameters also show the inhibition from overpressure in the range of 2.4.3.4.kin. This result will be helpful in the interpretation and application of molecular maturity parameters for similar saline lacustrine basins.

关键词： C29 24.ethyl cholestane biomarker thermal maturity parameters saline basins Dongying Sag