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A new method to prepare clean cuticular membrane from fossil leaves with thin and fragile cuticles

Science china Earth Sciences 2011年第2期54卷 223-227页

作者： WANG Li1,2 & LENG Qin1,3 1 State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy,nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,nanjing 210008,china 2 Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,china 3 Department of Science and Technology,Bryant university,Smithfield RI 02917,USA 1. State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China2. Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China3. Department of Science and Technology Bryant University Smithfield RI 02917 USA

Leaf cuticle analysis has long been a powerful tool for fossil plant identification, systematics, and palaeoclimatological recon- struction. In recent decades the application of stomatal frequency data that are relied on precise calculation of stomata on plant fossil cuticles to reconstruct ancient atmospheric CO2 concentration made the preparation of cuticular membrane with sufficient size a critical technique in palaeoclimatological research. However, for plants with originally thin and fragile cuticles, e.g., most deciduous plants, conventional techniques sometimes fail to obtain cuticular membranes with sufficient size, or sometimes unable to recover any. This has largely hampered the usage of fossil cuticle analysis in palaeobotanical and palaeo- climatological research. Here, we describe a new method using clear nail polish as a medium to ＂strengthen＂ the originally thin and fragile cuticles prior to maceration procedures. We demonstrate the method by using middle Eocene Metasequoia fossils that were notorious for the difficulty of recovering large-sized clean cuticular membranes due to their thin and fragile nature. Metasequoia, with well-documented and widely-distributed fossil records since the Late Cretaceous and with a living repre- sentative, 114. glyptostroboides, as a comparative reference, bas been widely used as a model genus for the study of evolution of plants, palaeoclimatological reconstruction, and plant adaptation to climate changes. But its deciduous habit produces thin cuticles and makes the preparation of clean cuticular membranes a tedious process. The new method successfully allows us to recover its delicate cuticular membranes with sufficient sizes for SEM observation and stomatal frequency analysis.

关键词： fossil leaf cuticle Metasequoia new method thin and fragile cuticle SEM observation stomatal frequency CO2

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Cadmium Accumulation and Translocation in Two Jerusalem Artichoke(Helianthus tuberosus L.) Cultivars

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Pedosphere 2011年第5期21卷 573-580页

作者： CHEN Liang LONG Xiao-Hua ZHANG Zhen-Hua ZHENG Xiao-Tao Z. RENGEL LIU Zhao-Pu Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 (China) Soil Science and plant Nutrition School of Earth and Environment the University of Western Australia 35 Stirling Highway Crawley WA 6009 (Australia)

Jerusalem artichoke(Helianthus tuberosus L.) not just can be used for bioethanol production but may be potentially used in phytoremediation for the removal of heavy metal *** Jerusalem artichoke cultivars,N2 and N5,were subjected to six cadmium(Cd) concentrations(0,5,25,50,100 and 200 mg L1) to investigate Cd tolerance and *** 21 days of growth,the effects of Cd on growth,chlorophyll content,net photosynthetic rate,intercellular CO2 concentration and malondialdehyde content were *** growth parameters were reduced under Cd *** two Jerusalem artichoke cultivars had relatively high Cd tolerance and accumulation capacity(> 100 mg kg1),with N5 being more tolerant and having higher Cd accumulation than *** accumulated more Cd than stems and *** bioconcentration factors(far higher than 1) and translocation factors(lower than 1) decreased with an increase in Cd *** results suggested that Jerusalem artichoke could be grown at relatively high Cd loads,and N5 could be an excellent candidate for phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soils.

关键词： bioconcentration factor Cd-contaminated soils heavy metal phytoremediation tolerance index

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Isolation and expression of an aquaporin-like gene VfPIP1 in Vicia faba

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2005年第6期15卷 496-501页

作者： CUI Xianghuan, HAO Fushun, CHEN Hui, CAI Jinghui, CHEN Jia and WANG Xuechen*(State Key Laboratory for plant Physiology and Biochemistry, college of Biological Science, china agricultural university, Beijing 100094, china) State Key Laboratory for plant Physiology and Biochemistry College of Biological Science China Agricultural University Beijing 100094 China

To explore the effects of aquaporins on stomatal movement, we isolated a full length cDNA of aquaporin-like gene VfPIP1 (Vicia faba plasma membrane intrinsic protein gene, GenBank accession number: AY667436), which encodes for a 290-amino-acid polypeptide, from Vicia faba leaf epidermis by 5′/3′ RACE (Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends). The analyses of VfPIP1 transmembrane regions and amino acid sequence show that VfPIP1 owns six membrane-spanning domains and the special plasma membrane signature sequences GGGANXXXXGY and TGI/TNPARSL/FGAAI/VI/VF/YN, and it should be a member of PIP1 subfamily. The results of in situ hybridization and Northern blot indicate that VfPIP1 is strongly expressed in guard cells and induced by ABA. Hereby, VfPIP1 may be involved in the water-transmembrane movement of guard cells.

关键词： ABA aquaporin gene cloning Vicia faba guard cell.

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Quantifying Responses of Winter Wheat Physiological Processes to Soil Water Stress for Use in Growth Simulation Modeling

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Pedosphere 2004年第4期14卷 509-518页

作者： HUJi-Chao CAOWei-Xing ZHANGJia-Bao JIANGDong FENGJie Hi-TechKeyLaboratoryofInformationAgricultureofJiangsuProvince NanjingAgriculturalUniversityNanjing210095（China） StateKeyLaboratoryofSoilandSustainableAgriculture InstituteofSoilScienceChineseAcademyofSciencesNanjing210008（China）

A deep understanding of crop-water eco-physiological relations is the basis for quantifying plant physiological responses to soil water stress. Pot experiments were conducted to investigate the winter wheat crop-water relations under both drought and waterlogging conditions in two sequential growing seasons from 2000 to 2002, and then the data were used to develop and validate models simulating the responses of winter wheat growth to drought and waterlogging stress. The experiment consisted of four treatments, waterlogging (keep 1 to 2 cm water layer depth above soil surface), control (70%-80% field capacity), light drought (40%-50% field capacity) and severe drought (30%-40% field capacity) with six replicates at five stages in the 2000-2001 growth season. Three soil water content treatments (waterlogging, control and drought) with two replicates were designed in the 2001-2002 growth season. Waterlogging and control treatments are the same as in the 2000-2001 growth season. For the drought treatment, no water was supplied and the soil moisture decreased from field capacity to wilting point. Leaf net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, predawn leaf water potential, soil water potential, soil water content and dry matter weight of individual organs were measured. Based on crop-water eco-physiological relations, drought and waterlogging stress factors for winter wheat growth simulation model were put forward. Drought stress factors integrated soil water availability, the sensitivity of different development stages and the difference between physiological processes (such as photosynthesis, transpiration and partitioning). The quantification of waterlogging stress factor considered different crop species, soil water status, waterlogging days and sensitivity at different growth stages. Data sets from the pot experiments revealed favorable performance reliability for the simulation sub-models with the drought and waterlogging stress factors.

关键词： crop simulation model drought water stress factor waterlogging winterwheat

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A Monoclonal Antibody-based Sensitive Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay(ELISA) for the Analysis of Three Organophosphorous Pesticides in Real Samples

A Monoclonal Antibody-based Sensitive Enzyme-linked Immunoso...

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中国植物病理学会第九届全国会员代表大会暨2010年学术年会

作者： Qin na,Guoliang Qian,Xiude Hua,Gang Li,Yuyan Wang,Fengquan Liu~* (Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of plant Diseases and Insects,Chinese Ministry of Agriculture, college of plant protection,nanjing agricultural university,nanjing 210095,china)

According to the common structure of three organophosphorus pesticides (Isocarbophos,Isofenphos-methyl and Isofenphos),hapten(H1) was synthesized. Bovine serum albumin(BSA) and ovalbumin(OVA) were used as protein carriers respectively to couple with H1 by an active ester *** antigens H1-BSA and H1-OVA were prepared as immunogen and coating antigen,*** last, one cell strain of monoclonal antibody was obtained and named 6B5/E3,which can be used to detect the three *** optimization,the standard curves of these three pesticides were established and the detection limits of the three pesticides were 12.19,34.51 and 19.68 ng/ml,*** addition,other six kinds of organophosphorus pesticides were tested by using this assay and the results were regarded as *** recoveries obtained by the three standard pesticides addition to real samples,including rice,water and soil,were all from 91.63%to 112.86%.Therefore,the optimized ELISA might become a convenient and satisfied analytical tool for monitoring Isocarbophos,Isofenphos-methyl and Isofenphos residues in real samples.

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AN EPIDEMIC SIMULATION MODEL OF STRIPE RUST (Puccinia striiformis) ON SLOW RUSTING CULTIVARS OF WHEAT (Ⅱ)

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Science in china,Ser.B 1988年第4期31卷 457-468页

作者：骆勇曾士迈 Department of plant protection Beijing agricultural university

The Slow Rusting Epidemic Simulation Model (SRESMI) was built based on the resistance com-ponent data obtained from field experiments. In the preliminary validation of the model, the simulatedepidemics basically conformed to the observed ones and the structure of the model seemed to be basicallycorrect. Among the resistance components, infection frequency, sporulation capacity and the lesion expan-sion rate played the most important role in the slow rusting epidemic, while the latent and infectiousperiods did the less and the least, respectively. This model may be useful for the exploration of slow-rusting breeding and the evaluation of the potential effectiveness of slow-rusters in practical cultivationunder different epidemic pressures.

关键词： AUDPC ON SLOW RUSTING CULTIVARS OF WHEAT Puccinia striiformis AN EPIDEMIC SIMULATION MODEL OF STRIPE RUST

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Identification of a protein associated with circulative transmission of Barley yellow dwarf virus from cereal aphids, Schizaphis graminum and Sitobion avenae

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2003年第19期48卷 2083-2087页

作者： WANG Xifeng & ZHOU Guanghe State Key Laboratory for Biology of plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of plant protection, Chinese Academy of agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100094, china State Key Laboratory for Biology of plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant Protection Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences China

Using 2-D electrophoresis and virus overlay assay, a 50-kDa protein (P50) exhibiting specific binding to purified virus particles of BYDV-GAV was found in the protein extracts from Schizaphis graminum and Sitobion avenae, two aphid species transmitting BYDV-GAV. P50 in the extracts of S. graminum was isolated by preparation electrophoresis and electro-eluted proteins from the gel slices for antiserum preparation. After feeding the antiserum through membrane, the transmission efficiencies of S. graminum and S. avenae for BYDV-GAV decreased significantly. It was suggested that P50 should be related with transmission pro- cess. Location of P50 was found at the plasma membrane surrounding the accessory salivary gland (ASG) in the head tissues of S. graminum by immunogold-labelling experiment. The ascertainment of the protein associated with virus transmission has a significance influence on further understanding the transmission mechanism and genetic engineering for resistant to vector transmission.

关键词：蛋白质大麦黄矮病麦蚜虫病虫害

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COMPONENT ANALYSIS OF SLOW-RUSTING RESISTANCE OF WHEAT CULTIVARS TO STRIPE RUST （Puccinia striiformis）（Ⅰ）

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Science in china,Ser.B 1988年第2期31卷 217-227页

作者：骆勇曾士迈 Department of plant protection Beijing agricultural university

Under field conditions in 1984 and 1985, resistance components （infection frequency, sporulationcapacity, latent period, lesion size expansion and infectious period） were quantified on six wheat cultivarsinoculated with 3 races of Puccinia striiformis at three different growth stages. The five resistance com-ponents of slow-rusting cultivars were significantly different from those of the check cultivar, and thevariance among cultivars occupied the most part of total variance. The cultivar×race interactions eitherwere insignificant or only occupied a very small proportion of the total variance. Results of estimation ofthe resistance component parameters were fitted to the apparent infection rates of these cultivars in thefields.

关键词： COMPONENT ANALYSIS OF SLOW-RUSTING RESISTANCE OF WHEAT CULTIVARS TO STRIPE RUST Puccinia striiformis

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Isolation and characterization of resistance and defense gene analogs in cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.)

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Science china Life Sciences 2006年第6期 530-542页

作者： GAO Yulong,GUO Wangzhen,WANG Lei & ZHANG Tianzhen National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement,nanjing agricultural university,nanjing 210095,china

plant disease resistance gene (R gene) and defense response gene encode some con-served motifs. In the present work,a PCR strategy was used to clone resistance gene analogs (RGAs) and defense gene analogs (DGAs) from Sea-island cotton variety Hai7124 using oligonucleotide primers based on the nucleotide-binding site (NBS) and serine/threonine kinase (STK) in the R-gene and pathogenesis-related proteins of class 2 (PR2) of defense response gene. 79 NBS sequences,21 STK sequences and 11 DGAs were cloned from disease-resistance cotton. Phylogenic analysis of 79 NBS-RGAs and NBS-RGAs nucleotide sequences of cotton already deposited in GenBank identified one new sub-cluster. The deduced amino acid sequences of NBS-RGAs and STK-RGAs were divided into two distinct groups respectively: Toll/Interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) group and non-TIR group,A group and B group. The expression of RGAs and DGAs having consecutive open reading frame (ORF) was also investigated and it was found that 6 NBS-RGAs and 1 STK-RGA were induced,and 1 DGA was up-regulated by infection of Verticillium dahliae strain VD8. 4 TIR-NBS-RGAs and 4 non-TIR-NBS-RGAs were arbitrarily used as probes for Southern-blotting. There existed 2-10 blotted bands. In addition,since three non-TIR-NBS-RGAs have the same hybridization pattern,we conjecture that these three RGAs form a cluster distribution in the genome.

关键词： cotton resistance gene analogs (RGAs) defense gene analogs (DGAs).

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Relationship Between F_1,F_2 Hybrid Yield, Heterosis and Genetic Distance Measured by Molecular Markers and Parent Performance in Cotton

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agricultural Sciences in china 2002年第5期1卷 498-507页

作者： WU Yao-ting, ZHANG Tian-zhen, ZHU Xie-fei and WANG Guang-ming( National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, nanjing agricultural university,nanjing 210095 ,P.R. china Linqing Experimental Station , Cotton Research Center ofShandong agricultural Academic Institute, Linqing 252600 ,P.R. china) National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095 P. R . China Linqing Experimental Station Cotton Research Center of Shandong Agricultural Academic Institute Linqing 252600 P. R. China

Genetic distance among 36 cotton cultivars measured by molecular markers of RAPDs, ISSRs, and SSRs was from 0.0701 to 0.4255 with the mean of 0.2844, and from 2.18 to 12.60 with the mean of 7.04 based on the genotype performance in two-year field experiments, which has a significant positive correlation (r = 0.3350). The correlative coefficients for boll number per plant, boll weight, yield per plant, lint percent and lint yield per plant were 0.8035,0.8877,0.7135,0.9640 and 0.8956 between F1 and F2 hybrid performance assessed by three-environment field experiments, respectively. The mean of F1 and F2 hybrid het-erosis of yield per plant and lint yield per plant were 13.62% , 16.31% , 7.90% and 9.02% , and the correlative coefficients between them were 0.3689 and 0.3787, respectively. The correlation between the genetic distance and heterosis was low, and influenced directly by the selected parents.

关键词： Cotton Molecular markers Phenotype Genetic distance Heterosis

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