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SEEPAGE ABILITY OF HIGH-PRESSURE HOT COMPOSITE FOAM IN POROUS MEDIA

Journal of Hydrodynamics 2010年第1期22卷 90-95页

作者： WANG Ke-liang LIANGShou-cheng YUAN Xin-qiang CHEN Jin-feng The key laboratory of {2. oil and Gas recovery of the Ministry of Education Daqing Petroleum Institute Daqing 163318 China College of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China The Second oil Production Company of Daqing oilfield Company Ltd. Daqing 163414 China

The technology of hot composite foam displacement refers to the injection of high-temperature flue gas and foaming and stabilizing agent into wells with a certain concentration, and after meeting the formation water, a composite foam system is formed in the reservoir. This foam displacement technology involves thermal function and so is related to nitrogen, carbon dioxide and foam flooding characteristics. After analyzing seepage flow law of hot composite foam system, seepage flow experiment of composite foam under high pressure was conducted, and seepage flow ability of hot composite foam in porous media was investigated. In the experiment, surfactant HY-3 was chosen as the foaming agent and hot flue gas was chosen as the foaming gas, and high-pressure hot foaming apparatus was employed in experiments. The experimental results indicate that the surfactant HY-3 could form stable foam in porous media, and the foam has strong ability of plugging. It is concluded that the sealing performance of foam is improved with increasing permeability and resistance coefficient and with incresing injection rate and foam strength. After foam injection, sealing characteristics of heterogeneous cores is better than that of homogeneous cores. The foam pressure has a process of transmission in porous media. In this process, with the increase of injection volume, pressure from the inlet to the outlet increases gradually, which indicates that stable foam has been formed inside the core.

关键词： composite foam surfactant HY-3 seepage flow under high pressure porous media

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Identification of marine natural gases with different origin sources

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Science China Earth Sciences 2008年第S1期51卷 148-164页

作者： WANG YunPeng 1 ,ZHAO ChangYi 2.,WANG ZhaoYun 2.,WANG HongJun 2.,TIAN Jin 1 ,ZOU YanRong 1 &LIU JinZhong1 1state key {2. of Organic Geochemistry,Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510640,China 2.nstitute of Geology,Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development,PetroChina,beijing 100083.China state key {2. of Organic Geochemistry Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China Institute of Geology Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development PetroChina Beijing China

Kinetic experiments of gas generation for typical samples of marine gas precursors including low-maturity kerogen,residual kerogen and oil as well as dispersed liquid hydrocarbon(DLH)in source rocks were performed by closed system,and the evolution trends of molecular and isotopic compositions of natural gases from different precursors against the maturity(R0%)at laboratory conditions were *** diagrams of gas origin were calibrated by using the experimental data.A diagram based on the ratio of normal and isomerous butane and pentane(i/nC4-i/nC5)was proposed and used to identify the origins of the typical marine natural gases in the Sichuan Basin and the Tarim Basin, *** the maturities of natural gases were estimated by using the statistical relationships between the gaseous molecular carbon isotopic data and maturities(δ13C-R 0 %)with different *** results indicate that the molecular and isotopic compositions of simulated gases from different precursors are different from each *** example,the dryness index of the oil-cracking gas is the lowest;the dryness indices of gases from DLH and kerogen in closed system are almost the same;and the dryness index of gases from residual kerogen is extremely high,indicating that the kerogen gases are very dry;the contents of non-hydrocarbon gases in kerogen-cracking gases are far higher than those in oil-cracking and DLH-cracking *** molecular carbon isotopes of oil-cracking gases are the lightest,those of kerogen in closed system and GLH-cracking gases are the second lightest,and those of cracking gases from residual kerogen are the *** calibration results indicate that the diagrams of ln(C1/C2.-ln(C2.C3)andδ13C2.δ13C3-ln(C2.C3)can discriminate primary and secondary cracking gases,but cannot be used to identify gas origin sources,while the diagram of i/nC4-i/nC5 can differentiate the gases from different *** application results of these diagrams show that gas mixtures ext

关键词： marine organic matter gas origin sources kerogen oil-cracking gas origin identification carbon isotope

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Experiments and sensitivity analyses for heat transfer in a meter-scale regularly fractured granite model with water flow

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2012年第12期13卷 958-968页

作者： Wei LU1,2.Yan-yong XIANG1 (1School of Civil Engineering,beijing Jiaotong University,beijing 100044,China) (2.2. key laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,beijing 100038,China) School of Civil Engineering Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing China state key {2. of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research Beijing China

Experiments of saturated water flow and heat transfer were conducted for a meter-scale model of regularly fractured granite. The fractured rock model （height 1502.5 ram, width 904 mm, and thickness 300 mm）, embedded with two vertical and two horizontal fractures of pre-set apertures, was constructed using 18 pieces of intact granite. The granite was taken from a site currently being investigated for a high-level nuclear waste repository in China. The experiments involved different heat source temperatures and vertical water fluxes in the embedded fractures either open or filled with sand. A finite difference scheme and computer code for calculation of water flow and heat transfer in regularly fractured rocks was developed, verified against both the experimental data and calculations from the TOUGH2.code, and employed for parametric sensitivity analyses. The experiments revealed that, among other things, the temperature distribution was influenced by water flow in the fractures, especially the water flow in the vertical fracture adjacent to the heat source, and that the heat conduction between the neighboring rock blocks in the model with sand-filled fractures was enhanced by the sand, with larger range of influence of the heat source and longer time for approaching asymptotic steady-state than those of the model with open fractures. The temperatures from the experiments were in general slightly smaller than those from the numerical calculations, probably due to the fact that a certain amount of outward heat transfer at the model perimeter was unavoidable in the experiments. The parametric sensitivity analyses indicated that the tem- perature distribution was highly sensitive to water flow in the fractures, and the water temperature in the vertical fracture adjacent to the heat source was rather insensitive to water flow in other fractures.

关键词： Fractured granite Water flow Heat transfer Physical modeling Numerical calculation Sensitivity analysis

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Cellular mechanism for spontaneous calcium oscillations in astrocytes

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2006年第7期27卷 861-868页

作者： Tong-fei WANG~2.Chen ZHOU~2.Ai-hui TANG Shi-qiang WANG Zhen CHAI~3 state key {2. of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology,College of Life Sciences,Peking University,beijing 100871,China state key {2. of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology College of Life Sciences Peking University Beijing China

Aim:To determine the Ca2.source and cellular mechanisms of spontaneous Ca2.oscillations in hippocampal ***:The cultured cells were loadedwith Fluo-4 AM,the indicator of intracellular Ca2.,and the dynamic Ca2.tran-sients were visualized with confocal laser-scanning ***:Thespontaneous Ca2.oscillations in astrocytes were observed first in co-culturedhippocampal neurons and *** oscillations were not affected bytetrodotoxin(TTX)treatment and kept up in purity cultured *** Ca2.oscillations were not impacted after blocking the voltage-gatedCa2.channels or ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid(EDTA)bathing,indicating thatintracellular Ca2.elevation was not the result of extracellular Ca2.***,the correlation between the spontaneous Ca2.oscillations and theCa2.store in endoplasmic reticulum(ER)were investigated with *** oscillations were:1)enhanced when cells were exposed to bothlow Na~+(70 mmol/L)and high Ca2.(5 mmol/L)solution,and eliminated completelyby 2.μmol/L thapsigargin,a blocker of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2.-ATPase;and2.still robust alter the application with either 50μmol/L ryanodine or 400μmol/Ltetracaine,two specific antagonists of ryanodine receptors,but depressed in adose-dependent manner by 2.APB,an InsP3receptors(InsP3R)***:InsP3R-induced ER Ca2.release is an important cellular mechanismfor the initiation of spontaneous Ca2.oscillation in hippocampal astrocytes.

关键词： hippocampal astrocytes spontaneous Ca2. oscillations endoplasmic reticulum Ca2. store InsP3 receptors confocal laser scanning microscope

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Chemiluminescence behavior of sodium hydrogen carbonate in the potassium permanganate-hydrogen peroxide reaction

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Science China Chemistry 2010年第8期53卷 1784-1792页

作者： CHEN Hui1,2.LU Chao1,LI RuiBo1,GUO GuangSheng1 & LIN Jin-Ming2.1state key {2. of Chemical Resource Engineering beijing University of Chemical Technology,beijing 10002.,China 2.epartment of Chemistry,Tsinghua University,beijing 100084,China state key {2. of Chemical Resource Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing China

Chemiluminescence (CL) phenomenon of hydrogen peroxide with potassium permanganate in the presence of sodium hydrogen carbonate was *** of the surfactant on the CL system were *** surfactants could effectively increase the CL *** scavengers and organic reagents such as nitro blue tetrazolium chloride (NBT),cytochrome c,sodium azide,ascorbic acid,thiourea,tert-butanol and dimethyl sulphoxide were used to study the emitting *** emission spectrum was recorded and the results showed that the maximal emission wavelengths of NaHCO3-H2.2.KMnO4 system were 440 and 634 *** mechanism was discussed based on electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra,fluorescence spectra and UV-vis absorption *** addition of rhodamine B or uranine into this CL system enhanced the CL *** was due to part of the energy transfer from singlet oxygen and excited triplet dimers of two CO2.molecules to rhodamine B or *** CL could be induced by excited rhodamine B or uranine.

关键词： chemiluminescence potassium permanganate emitting species energy transfer

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Analysis of the ambiguity of log-constrained seismic impedance inversion

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Petroleum Science 2011年第2期8卷 151-156页

作者： Li Guofa Li Hao Ma Yanyan Xiong Jinliang state key {2. of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum (Beijing) Beijing 102249 China key laboratory of Geophysical Prospecting China National Petroleum Corporation Beijing 102249 China Dagang oil field PetroChina Tianjin 300280 China

Although the ambiguity of seismic inversion is widely recognized in both theory and practice, so far as a concrete inversion example is concerned, there is not any objective, controllable method or any standard for how to evaluate and determine its ambiguity and reliability, especially for the high frequency components beyond the effective seismic frequency band. Taking log-constrained impedance inversion as an example, a new appraisal method is proposed on the basis of analyzing a simple geological model. Firstly, the inverted impedance model is transformed to a reflection coefficient series. Secondly, the maximum effective frequency of the real seismic data is chosen as a cutoff point and the reflection coefficient series is decomposed into two components by low-pass and high-pass filters. Thirdly, the geometrical reflection characteristics of the high-frequency components and that of the real seismic data are compared and analyzed. Then, the reliability of the inverted impedance model is appraised according to the similarity of geometrical characteristics between the high-frequency components and the real seismic data. The new method avoids some subjectivity in appraising the inverted result, and helps to enhance the reliability of reservoir prediction by impedance inversion technology.

关键词： Log-constrained impedance reflection coefficients seismic inversion ambiguity

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Adsorption of zinc on manganite(γ-MnOOH): particle concentration effect and adsorption reversibility

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2004年第4期16卷 627-630页

作者： QIN Yan-wen1, PAN Gang 1,2., ZHANG Ming-ming1, LI Xian-liang1 (1. state key {2. of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100085, China. 2. Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 2.6042. China) state key {2. of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China.

The adsorption and desorption processes of Zn(Ⅱ) on γ-MnOOH as a function of particle concentrations(C p) were studied. An obvious C p effect was observed in this adsorption system. The degree of adsorption hysteresis increased greatly with the increasing of C p, indicating that the extent of the real metastable-equilibrium states deviating from the ideal equilibrium state was {2. with the increasing of C p. The C p-reversibility relationship confirmed the metastable-equilibrium adsorption(MEA) inequality(Pan, 1998a), which was the core formulation of the MEA theory. Because the MEA inequality was based on the basic hypothesis of MEA theory that adsorption density Γ is not a state variable, the C p-reversibility relationship gave indirect evidence to the basic hypothesis of MEA theory.

关键词： zinc γ-MnOOH adsorption reversibility

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Synthesis of AIMCM-41 mesoporous molecular sieves with high stability

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Petroleum Science 2008年第2期5卷 163-166页

作者： Liu Baijun Wang Hui key laboratory of Catalysis China National Petroleum Corporation China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China state key {2. of Heavy oil Processing China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China

Mesoporous molecular sieves AIMCM-41 were synthesized by static hydrothermal crystallization using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as template, water glass as silica source and pseudoboehmite as aluminum source. The XRD results showed that the prepared AlMCM-41 mesoporous molecular sieves had high relative crystallinity and long-range order. The relative crystallinity was greater than 2.% after calcination at 900 ℃ for 2.hours and was still greater than 14% after ageing in steam at 800 ℃ for 2.hours. The results indicated that both thermal and hydrothermal stabilities of the mesoporous molecular sieves AIMCM-41 were good.

关键词： Pseudo-boehmite hydrothermal stability synthesis AIMCM-41 thermal stability hydrothermal

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Analysis and Control on Fracture of 2.Mn2. High Tensile Steel for Round Link Chain

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2011年第S1期18卷 898-902页

作者： CAO Shu-wei 1,2.KANG Yong-lin 1,3,ZHAO Xian-ping 2.YANG Chang-chun 1 (1.School of Materials Science and Engineering,University of Science and Technology beijing,beijing {2.China 2.Technology Center of Anyang Iron & Steel Group Co.,Ltd.,Anyang 455004,Henan,China 3.state key laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials,University of Science and Technology beijing,beijing {2.China) Univ Sci & Technol beijing Sch Mat Sci & Engn Beijing 100083 Peoples R China Anyang Iron & Steel Grp Co Ltd Ctr Technol Anyang 455004 Henan Peoples R China Univ Sci & Technol beijing State Key Lab Adv Met & Mat Beijing 100083 Peoples R China

Based on the phenomenon of brittle fracture occurred during tensile test for 2.Mn2. high strength circular chain used in coal mines,the fracture property is regarded as intercrystalline brittle one after macroscope observation and metallographic *** is analysed that the intercrystalline brittle fracture is due to high tempering temperature and limited processing site where final products are piled together after heat treatment,which lead to a lower cooling rate of internal chain,with Si,Mn and P etc elements segregating and enriching in the austenite grain boundary and forming high tempering *** these circular chains are tempered again for one hour at 670℃,and oil-cooled rapidly,due to the reversibility of high temper brittleness for structural alloy steel,the high temper brittleness can be eliminated and products are completely qualified after tensile inspection.

关键词： high strength circular chain metallographic examination brittle fracture high tempering brittleness improvement measures

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Physical simulation of fluid flow and production performance in extra-low permeability porous media

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Petroleum Science 2009年第4期6卷 415-420页

作者： You Yuan Yue Xiang’an Li Mingyi Zhao Chunpeng Zhang Tao key laboratory of Petroleum Engineering Ministry of EducationChina University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China enhanced oil {2. Research Center China University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China Jilin oil Field PetroChinaSongyuanJilin 138000China Exploration&Production Research Institute SinopecBeijing 100083China Exploration Department Changqing Oil FieldPetroChinaXi’anShaanxi 710018China

For extra-low permeability reservoirs, with a permeability of about 0.3×10?3 μm2. fluid flow and production performance in cores were studied. A long core holder with a multi-location piezometric measurement was specially designed. An artificial long core, about 700 mm long and with a cross section of 45mm×45mm, was used. In the experiment, pressure distribution along the core can be measured in real time. Single phase flow in the core was investigated. Different modes of production in long cores were also simulated including natural depletion, water flooding, and advanced water flooding. Through physical simulation, flow parameters were collected and production characteristics in extra-low permeability cores were studied. From experimental results, it can be seen that fluid flow in extra-low permeability cores is different from that in high permeability cores. Transmission of pressure in extra-low permeability cores is very slow, and it needs a long time for the pressure to become stable. The distribution curve of pressure along the core is nonlinear and the production rate in extra-low permeability reservoirs decreases sharply. The development effects of different production modes in extra-low permeability cores were compared with one another. Among the production modes, advanced water flooding has much potential for effective development of extra-low permeability reservoirs. Natural depletion and conventional water flooding can also be used in early production periods. In addition, the countermeasures and some ideas especially for the potential development of extra-low permeability reservoirs are suggested.

关键词： Extra-low permeability reservoirs physical simulation fluid flow production performance

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