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Advances in herpetological research emanating from china

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Zoological Research 2016年第1期37卷 4-6页

作者： Robert W.MURPHY the state key laboratory of genetic resources and evolution,kunming institute of zoology,chinese academy of sciences and the Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Biology,Royal Ontario Museum state key laboratory of genetic resources and evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Biology Royal Ontario Museum. bob.murphy@utoronto.ca.

The warming of Earth owing to human activities is resulting in an episode of mass extinction. If global warming is not abated quickly, up to one-fourth of the species on our planet will face extinction in only 35 years. The loss of biodiversity is more than just many species disappearing. It could signal the beginning of the collapse of our ecosystems because the loss of one species can trigger a domino effect. Among vertebrates, the so-called cold bloodied species--fishes, amphibians and reptiles--are the most threatened groups.

关键词： Advances in herpetological research emanating from china

Positive Darwinian selection in human population:A review

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chinese Science Bulletin 2008年第10期53卷 1457-1467页

作者： WU DongDong1,3 & ZHANG YaPing1,2 1 state key laboratory of genetic resources and evolution, kunming institute of zoology, chinese academy of sciences, kunming 6502.3, china 2 laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resource, Yunnan University, kunming 650091, china 3 Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100049, china state key laboratory of genetic resources and evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650223 China laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resource Yunnan University Kunming 650091 China Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China

This paper reviews a large number of genes under positive Darwinian selection in modern human populations, such as brain development genes, immunity genes, reproductive related genes, perception receptors. The research on the evolutionary property of these genes will provide important insight into human evolution and disease mechanisms. With the increase of population genetics and comparative genomics data, more and more evidences indicate that positive Darwinian selection plays an indispensable role in the origin and evolution of human beings. This paper will also summarize the methods to detect positive selection, analyze the interference factors faced and make suggestions for further research on positive selection.

关键词：自然选择积极选择达尔文进化论人类学种群遗传

The evolution of cooperation in asymmetric systems

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Science china(Life sciences) 2010年第1期53卷 139-149页

作者： WANG RuiWu1 & SHI Lei2 1 state key laboratory of genetic resources and evolution,kunming institute of zoology,chinese academy of Science,kunming 6502.3,china 2 Statistics and Mathematics College,Yunnan University of Finance and Economics,kunming 650221,china 1. state key laboratory of genetic resources and evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Science Kunming 650223 China2. Statistics and Mathematics College Yunnan University of Finance and Economics Kunming 650221 China

Explaining the "Tragedy of the Commons" of the evolution of cooperation remains one of the greatest problems for both biology and social *** interaction,which is one of the most important characteristics of cooperative systems,has not been sufficiently considered in the existing models of the evolution of *** the inequality in the number and payoff between the cooperative actors and recipients in cooperation systems,discriminative density-dependent interference competition will occur in limited dispersal *** model and simulation show that the local but not the global stability of a cooperative interaction can be maintained if the utilization of common resource remains unsaturated,which can be achieved by density-dependent restraint or competition among the cooperative *** intense density dependent interference competition among the cooperative actors and the ready availability of the common resource,with a higher intrinsic contribution ratio of a cooperative actor to the recipient,will increase the probability of *** cooperation between the recipient and the cooperative actors can be transformed into conflict and,it oscillates chaotically with variations of the affecting factors under different environmental or ecological *** higher initial relatedness(*** to kin or reciprocity relatedness),which is equivalent to intrinsic contribution ratio of a cooperative actor to the recipient,can be selected for by penalizing less cooperative or cheating actors but rewarding cooperative individuals in asymmetric *** initial relatedness is a pivot but not the aim of evolution of *** explains well the direct conflict observed in almost all cooperative systems.

关键词： cooperation altruism density dependent tragedy of the commons oscillation chaos asymmetric interaction interference competition

Application of the phylogenetic analysis in mitochondrial disease study

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chinese Science Bulletin 2008年第18期53卷 2733-2738页

作者： WANG ChengYe1,2,3, KONG QingPeng1,2 & ZHANG YaPing1,2? 1 state key laboratory of genetic resources and evolution, kunming institute of zoology, chinese academy of sciences, kunming 6502.3, china 2 laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resource, Yunnan University, kunming 650091, china 3 Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100049, china chinese Acad Sci Kunming Inst Zool State Key Lab Genet Resources and Evolut Kunming 650223 Peoples R China.

Mitochondrial disease currently received an increasing concern. However, the case-control design commonly adopted in this field is vulnerable to genetic background, population stratification and poor data quality. Although the phylogenetic analysis could help solve part of these problems, it has not received adequate attention. This paper is a review of this method as well as its application in mito- chondrial disease study.

关键词：线粒体疾病分析单元型种群分布

Molecular evolution of stress-response gene Leptin in high-altitude chinese snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus genus)

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chinese Science Bulletin 2010年第36期55卷 4132-4135页

作者： WANG XiaoPing1,2, JIN Wei1,2, YU Li1,2 & ZHANG YaPing1,2 1 laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resource, Yunnan University, kunming 650091, china 2.state key laboratory of genetic resources and evolution, kunming institute of zoology, chinese academy of sciences, kunming 6502.3, china laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resource Yunnan University Kunming 650091 China state key laboratory of genetic resources and evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650223 China

chinese snub-nosed monkeys (genus Rhinopithecus, subfamily Colobinae), including R. bieti, R. brelichi and R. roxellana, are well-known as the non-human primates with the highest known altitudinal distribution. They represent an interesting model organism of adaptation to the extreme environmental stresses. However, no study at the molecular level has yet been reported for the high-altitude adaptation in chinese snub-nosed monkeys. Leptin, as an adipocyte-derived hormone, is believed to play an important role in energy homeostasis in adaptation to high altitude environments. In the present study, we sequenced and compared leptin sequences of the chinese snub-nosed monkeys (R. bieti and R. roxellana) with their lowland close relative R. avunculus and other Colobines. Unexpectedly, no amino acid changes were observed in the 7 Colobinae species examined, including the 2 chinese snub-nosed monkeys, indicating no difference in the evolutionary pattern of the Leptin gene between high-altitude monkeys and their lowland counterparts. In contrast to a previous finding of adaptive evolution of Leptin gene in plateau pikas, our study suggests that this gene may not have an important role in high-altitude adaptation of chinese snub-nosed monkeys. Other nuclear genes associated with energy metabolism, or mitochondrial genes, are most likely to be involved the molecular mechanism underlying adaptation of these monkeys to cold and hypoxia associated with the highland environment.

关键词： Leptin基因金丝猴属瘦素基因压力反应分子进化高空鼻极端环境

The role of MC1R gene in buffalo coat color

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Science china(Life sciences) 2010年第2期53卷 267-272页

作者： MIAO YongWang1,2,WU GuiSheng3,WANG Lei2,LI DaLin4,TANG ShouKun5,LIANG JianPing2,MAO HuaMing2,LUO HuaiRong3 & ZHANG YaPing1,6 1 laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resource,Yunnan University,kunming 650091,china 2 Faculty of Animal Science and Technology,Yunnan Agricultural University,kunming 650201,china 3 kunming institute of Botany,chinese academy of sciences,kunming 650204,china 4 Yunnan institute of Buffalo Science and Technology,kunming 650021,china 5 Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station of Luxi city,Luxi 678400,china 6 state key laboratory of genetic resources and evolution,kunming institute of zoology,chinese academy of sciences,kunming 6502.3,china 1. laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resource Yunnan University Kunming 650091 China2. Faculty of Animal Science and Technology Yunnan Agricultural University Kunming 650201 China3. Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650204 China4. Yunnan Institute of Buffalo Science and Technology Kunming 650021 China5. Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station of Luxi city Luxi 678400 China6. State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650223 China

Melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) plays a major role in pigmentation in many *** investigate if the MC1R gene is associated with coat color in water buffalo,the coding region of MC1R gene of 216 buffalo samples was sequenced,which included 49 black river buffalo (Murrah and Nili-Ravi),136 swamp buffalo (Dehong,Diandongnan,Dechang,Guizhou,and Xilin) with white and gray body,and 31 hybrid offspring of river buffalo Nili-Ravi (or Murrah) and swamp *** the three variation sites found,SNP684 was synonymous,while SNP310 and SNP384 were nonsynonymous,leading to p.S104G and p.I128M changes,*** Individuals carrying homozygote EBR/EBR were *** genotype and phenotype analysis of the hybrid offspring of black river buffalo and gray swamp buffalo further revealed that the river buffalo type allele EBR or the allele carrying the amino acid p.104S was important for the full function of *** in silico functional analysis showed that the amino acid substitutions p.G104S and p.M128I had significant impact on the function of *** results indicate that the allele EBR or the allele carrying the amino acid p.104S was associated with the black coat color in buffalo.

关键词： Buffalo coat color MC1R

evolution of cd59 gene in mammals

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Science china(Life sciences) 2007年第6期50卷 773-779页

作者： GONG YuanYing1,2, PENG MinSheng1,2, ZHOU WeiPing1,3,4 & ZHANG YaPing1,4 1 state key laboratory of genetic resources and evolution, kunming institute of zoology, chinese academy of sciences, kunming 6502.3, china 2 Graduate University of the chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100049, china 3 Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Science and Technology of china, Hefei 230026, china 4 laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources, Yunnan University, kunming 650091, china state key laboratory of genetic resources evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650223 China Graduate University of the chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China Molecular Cell Biology University of Science Technology of china Hefei 230026 China laboratory for Conservation Utilization of Bio-resources Yunnan University Kunming 650091 China

The CD59-coding sequences were obtained from 5 mammals by PCR and BLAST, and combined with the available sequences in GenBank, the nucleotide substitution rates of mammalian cd59 were calcu- lated. Results of synonymous and nonsynonymous substitution rates revealed that cd59 experienced negative selection in mammals overall. Four sites experiencing positive selection were found by using "site-specific" model in PAML software. These sites were distributed on the molecular surface, of which 2 sites located in the key functional domain. Furthermore, "branch-site-specific" model detected 1 positive site in cd59a and cd59b lineages which underwent accelerated evolution caused by positive selection after gene duplication in mouse.

关键词： cd59, evolution, positive selection

Asymmetric interaction will facilitate the evolution of cooperation

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Science china(Life sciences) 2010年第8期53卷 1041-1046页

作者： WANG RuiWu1, HE JunZhou1,2, WANG YaQiang1,2, SHI Lei1,3 & LI YaoTang1,2 1 state key laboratory of genetic resources and evolution, kunming institute of zoology, chinese academy of Science, kunming 6502.3, china 2 School of Mathematics and Statistics, Yunnan University, kunming 650091, china 3 Statistics and Mathematics College, Yunnan University of Finance and Economics, kunming 650221, china 1. state key laboratory of genetic resources and evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Science Kunming 650223 China2. School of Mathematics and Statistics Yunnan University Kunming 650091 China3. Statistics and Mathematics College Yunnan University of Finance and Economics Kunming 650221 China

Explaining the evolution of cooperation remains one of the greatest problems for both biology and social science. The classical theories of cooperation suggest that cooperation equilibrium or evolutionary stable strategy between partners can be maintained through genetic similarity or reciprocity relatedness. These classical theories are based on an assumption that partners interact symmetrically with equal payoffs in a game of cooperation interaction. However, the payoff between partners is usually not equal and therefore they often interact asymmetrically in real cooperative systems. With the Hawk–Dove model, we find that the probability of cooperation between cooperative partners will depend closely on the payoff ratio. The higher the payoff ratio between recipients and cooperative actors, the greater will be the probability of cooperation interaction between involved partners. The greatest probability of conflict between cooperative partners will occur when the payoff between partners is equal. The results show that this asymmetric relationship is one of the key dynamics of the evolution of cooperation, and that pure cooperation strategy (i.e., Nash equilibrium) does not exist in asymmetrical cooperation systems, which well explains the direct conflict observed in almost all of the well documented cooperation systems. The model developed here shows that the cost-to-benefit ratio of cooperation is also negatively correlated with the probability of cooperation interaction. A smaller cost-to-benefit ratio of cooperation might be created by the limited dispersal ability or exit cost of the partners involved, and it will make the punishment of the non-cooperative individuals by the recipient more credible, and therefore make it more possible to maintain stable cooperation interaction.

关键词： Hawk–Dove game evolutionarily stable strategy asymmetric cooperation mixed strategy Nash equilibrium

Partial AZFc duplications not deletions are associated with male infertility in the Yi population of Yunnan Province,china

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2013年第9期14卷 807-815页

作者： Jun-jie YE Li MA Li-juan YANG Jin-huan WANG Yue-li WANG Hai GUO Ning GONG Wen-hui NIE Shu-hua ZHAO Yunnan key laboratory of Fertility Regulation and Minority Eugenics Yunnan Population and Family Planning Research Institute state key laboratory of genetic resources and evolution Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of Sciences Department of Urology Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command Haiyuan College Kunming Medical University

Objective:There are many reports on associations between spermatogenesis and partial azoospermia factor c(AZFc) deletions as well as duplications;however,results are conflicting,possibly due to differences in methodology and ethnic *** purpose of this study is to investigate the association of AZFc polymorphisms and male infertility in the Yi ethnic population,residents within Yunnan Province,chinaMethods:A total of 224 infertile patients and 153 fertile subjects were selected in the Yi ethnic *** study was performed by sequence-tagged site plus/minus(STS+/) analysis followed by gene dosage and gene copy definition analysis.Y haplotypes of 215 cases and 115 controls were defined by 12 binary markers using single nucleotide polymorphism on Y chromosome(Y-SNP) multiplex assays based on single base primer extension ***:The distribution of Y haplotypes was not significantly different between the case and control *** frequencies of both gr/gr(7.6% vs.8.5%) and b2/b3(6.3% vs.8.5%) deletions do not show significant ***,single nucleotide variant(SNV) analysis shows no significant difference of gene copy definition between the cases and ***,the frequency of partial duplications in the infertile group(4.0%) is significantly higher than that in the control group(0.7%).Further,we found a case with sY1206 deletion which had two CDY1 copies but removed half of DAZ ***:Our results show that male infertility is associated with partial AZFc duplications,but neither gr/gr nor b2/b3 deletions,suggesting that partial AZFc duplications rather than deletions are risk factors for male infertility in chinese-Yi population.

关键词： Azoospermia factor c(AZFc) AZFc polymorphism b2/b3 gr/gr Infertility