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TOPMODEL模型几个问题的研究

水电能源科学 2003年第2期21卷 41-44页

作者：刘青娥夏军王中根武汉大学水利水电学院湖北武汉430072 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所北京100101

为了推动TOPMODEL的发展,为变化环境下水文循环模拟的研制开拓一些思路,概述了TOPMODEL模型的物理概念和基本方程推导,以板桥流域为例,探讨了不同分辨率DEM对地形指数计算的影响,绘制了单元流域计算流程图,同时比较了它与传统集总式模... 详细信息

为了推动TOPMODEL的发展,为变化环境下水文循环模拟的研制开拓一些思路,概述了TOPMODEL模型的物理概念和基本方程推导,以板桥流域为例,探讨了不同分辨率DEM对地形指数计算的影响,绘制了单元流域计算流程图,同时比较了它与传统集总式模型和分布式水文模型的优缺点,指出TOPMODEL需要进一步研究改进的问题。

关键词： TOPMODEL 变产流面积水文模型

Comparative Study on the Human Driving Force of Cultivated Land and Construction Land Use Change in Hubei Province,china

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Asian Agricultural research 2010年第3期2卷 10-14页

作者： XU Xin-chuang1,2,CHENG Dong-lai1,LIU Cheng-wu1 1.School of resources and Environment Science,Xianning College,Xianning 437005,china 2.institute of geographical sciences and natural resources research,cas,beijing 100101,china

Change trend of cultivated land and construction land in Hubei Province is *** years 1998-2003 are the reduction period of cultivated land;the years 2004-2007 are the increase period of cultivated land;the years 1988-2002 are the slow growth period of construction land;and the years of 2003 and 2007 are the increase period of construction *** on related social economic statistical data in 1988-2007,human driving forces on cultivated land and construction land in Hubei Province are analyzed quantitatively and comparatively by using SPSS software and mathematical statistics *** shows that driving force factors have negative driving effect on cultivated land,and positive driving effect on construction *** force factors have significant differences of driving effects on cultivated land and construction *** principal components affecting the changes of cultivated land and construction land are policy,population and economic development level,and gap between urban and rural living *** three principal components have different degrees of sensitivity on the two land use types and the effects direction are *** other factor driving abilities are relatively weak,and these factors have relatively stronger driving force on construction land than that on cultivated *** is put forward that Hubei Province should implement rational allocation of land resources and scientific and rational use in order to ensure land security and to realize the sustainable development of regional economy and society based on the intensive land use,the planning policy constraints,and the agricultural and industrial production.

关键词： Cultivated land Construction land Factor analysis

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基于RS&GIS的西双版纳生态安全评价

生态经济(学术版) 2008年第1期 24-27页

作者：邹秀萍王毅齐清文陈劭锋姜莉莉中国科学院科技政策与管理科学研究所中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所北京100080 北京100101

生态安全评价是生态安全研究的核心内容之一。生态安全评价中涉及大量的空间信息,而遥感为信息的快速地获取提供了有力的支持,地理信息系统中的空间分析方法则对各评价要素进行空间综合分析,并能揭示研究区域的生态安全全空间差异。本... 详细信息

生态安全评价是生态安全研究的核心内容之一。生态安全评价中涉及大量的空间信息,而遥感为信息的快速地获取提供了有力的支持,地理信息系统中的空间分析方法则对各评价要素进行空间综合分析,并能揭示研究区域的生态安全全空间差异。本文通过对遥感、地理信息系统和层次分析方法的综合集成,构建了生态安全评价的空间多级加权叠加模型,并运用该模型方法,对西双版纳2000年的生态安全空间分布状况进行了分析评价。结果表明,西双版纳2000年的生态环境安全指数平均为58.74,最大值为98.81,最小值为18.68。从空间分布上来看,高海拔区域的生态安全状况比低海拔区域的生态安全状况要好;中东部地区的生态安全状况较西部明显要好;大坡度区域的生态安全状况较差。

关键词： RS GIS 生态安全评价西双版纳

Relationship between Environmental Pollution of Coal Mine and Spectral Characteristics of Nearby Plants

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Journal of University of Science and Technology beijing 2001年第1期8卷 10-14页

作者： Liqing Lei institute of Geographic sciences and natural resources research, Chinese Academy of sciences, beijing 100101, china Chinese Acad Sci Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res Beijing 100101 Peoples R China

Remote sensing technology, as the most advanced method for collecting data, along with the common ways often used in the past on research of environmental science, was integrated to study the relationship between environmental pollution of coal mine and spectral characteristics of nearby plants. With compositive index and mean reflectivity at near infrared, a regression equation was established, and a conclusion was made that spectral reflectivity can be used to distinguish regions with different pollution degree. Through testing with real status of the research region, it is verified that this kind of integration and conclusion not only are helpful for human being in controlling the movement law of pollutants and the corresponding change of coal mine environmental quality but also bring a new way for the research of environment problems of coal mine.

关键词： remote sensing spectral characteristics reflectivity pollution index compositive index atmospheric pollution

Relationship between erosion and sediment yield in drainage basins of loess gully-hilly areas

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Journal of geographical sciences 2001年第1期11卷 71-79页

作者： CHEN Hao (institute of Geographic sciences and natural resources research, cas, beijing 100101, china) institute of Geographic sciences and natural resources research CAS Beijing China

From a long-term point of view, the balance between erosion and sediment yield in a drainage system can basically realize, i.e., the delivery ratio can be close to 1. However, substantial variations among individual rainfall events or between annual delivery ratio exist, causing frequent sediment retaining or re-erosion and re-delivery of the retained sediments in a short period of time. Thus the delivery ratio will be 1. The sediment delivery ratio is closely related to the spatial distribution of rainfall and magnitude of rise and fall of peak flood and that of runoff depth in the drainage system. Delivery ratio of single event in a drainage system and changes of delivery capacity of silt-laden runoff in various classes of gullies can be expressed by transformation mechanism of shear force of a single rainstorm event with flood resulting from increase and decrease of peak flood per unit area.

关键词： delivery ratio interaction flood and geomorphology dynamic mechanism rainstorm flood

Improvement of Ecological Footprint Method and Application in Henan Province

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Chinese Journal of Population,resources and Environment 2005年第1期3卷 44-48页

作者： Niu Shuhai, Jin Fengjun & Liu Yi institute of geographical sciences and natural resources research, cas, beijing 100101, china institute of geographical sciences and natural resources research CAS Beijing 100101 China

The measure of sustainable development has always been an important and difficulty subject, and the major evaluation model has three types: indicators based on system theory and methods, indicators relied on economic valuation of the environment, sustainability indicators including biophysical assessments. The ecological footprint analysis initiated by William E. Rees, one of the indicators including biophysical assessments, gets rid of the defects of the other models. Ecological footprint has gradually become popular on account of the measuring indexes based on scientific theory, innovative thought-way and its wide adaptability. This paper introduces the conception and computation method, making a progress and making up for the method of ecological footprint, and finally, makes an application analyses through Henan province regional sustainable development.

关键词： sustainable development ecological footprint input/occupancy-output model integrated development degree

research on Jiuquan-Jiayuguan-Yumen Region's Dynamic Changing of Urbanization Based on Self-Organizing Model

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Chinese Journal of Population,resources and Environment 2005年第3期3卷 22-28页

作者： Li Ming 1,2 & Fang Chuanglin 2 1 Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of sciences, beijing 100039,china 2.institute of geographical sciences and natural resources research, cas, beijing 100101, china Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100039 China institute of geographical sciences and natural resources research CAS Beijing 100101 China

Based on the self-organizing modeling principle in the dissipative structure theory, the paper regards the migration coupling between the regions as the influence factor to create the model of regional urbanization simulation and prediction, which is more practical to simulate the space-time and dynamic evolvement characteristics of regional urbanization level. According to the historical data about the population and urbanization of Jiuquan, Jiayuguan andYumen cities, the past 50 years' dynamic evolvement trend is simulated and the following 50 years' dynamic evolvement trend is predicted with the urbanization dynamic evolvement model based on the self-organizing model. The analysis of effective factors such as economic increase, resources exploitation, ecosystem construction, traffic location, national policies, population migration are given, then the reasons of the dynamic evolvement differences of the three cities' urbanization are drawn. The study suggests that the self-organizing model is fit for the simulation of Jiuquan-Jiayuguan-Yumen regional urbanization level in the past 50 years, and the departure between the stimulant and the actual data is under 5%, so it can be used to predict the urbanization future of the three cities. The predicted results show that the regional population will reach 1.074 million and the regional urbanization level will be 72.56%.

关键词： self-organizing urbanization dynamic evolvement Jiuquan-Jiayuguan-Yumen region

Soil erosion and management on the Loess Plateau

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Journal of geographical sciences 2001年第1期11卷 53-70页

作者： CAI Qiang-guo (institute of Geographic sciences and natural resources research, cas, beijing 100101, china) institute of Geographic sciences and natural resources research CAS Beijing China

The Loess Plateau is well known to the world for its intense soil erosion. The root cause for river sedimentation of Yellow River (Huanghe) and its resultant “hanging river” in certain section is soil and water loss on the Loess Plateau. The Loess Plateau has a long cultivation history, hence population growth, vegetation degeneration and plugging constitute the chief reason for serious soil and water loss on Loess Plateau. This paper analyses several successful cases and failures in soil conservation, presents practical soil conservation technique and related benefit analysis, and discusses some effective methods adopted in china in soil erosion control, research directions and future perspectives on Loess Plateau.

关键词： soil erosion control technique management Loess Plateau

Reconstruction of temperature series in china for the last 5000 years

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Progress in natural Science:Materials International 2006年第8期16卷 838-845页

作者： GE Quansheng, WANG Shunbing and ZHENG Jingyun (institute of geographical sciences and natural resources research, Chinese Academy of sciences, beijing 100101, china Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of sciences, beijing 100039, china) [a]Chinese Academy of sciences Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Beijing China [b]Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing China

A temperature series with a 100 year resolution for the last 5000 years in china has been reconstructed by using 31 longterm temperature proxy series selected from recent publications in the last 20 years. The proxy records include pollens, stalagmites, lake-sediments, peat, ice cores and historical documents. The result reveals that in the millennial scale temperature variation it was warm in 3050-250 BC and it was cold in 250 BC-1950 AD. In the above two periods there were many stages of sub-scale temperature fluctuations. The result also shows an obvious temperature discrepancy on the century to multi-century scale between the Eastern Monsoon Region, the Qinghai-Tibet Region and the Northwestern Region in 2850 BC, 2350 BC, 1350 BC, 950-350 BC, 50-250 AD, and 550 AD. A comparison between the reconstructed series of this paper and some North Hemisphere temperature series indicates that in the longterm scale change, the temperature change in china is in phrase with that of the Northern Hemisphere during the last 5000 years, while on the century to multi-century scale there are differences at the beginning and end times, which may imply that temperature change does not occur simultaneously in different regions.

关键词： temperature series the last 5000 years china.