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Some key technics of drop tower experiment device of National Microgravity Laboratory (china) (NMLC)

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2005年第3期48卷 305-316页

作者： ZHANG Xiaoqian 1 , YUAN Longgen 1 , WU Wendong 1 , TIAN Lanqiao 2.& YAO Kangzhuang 2.1. institute of Engineering Thermophysics, chinese Academy of Sciences, {2. 100080, china 2. institute of Mechanics, chinese Academy of Sciences, {2. 100080, china 1. institute of Engineering Thermophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences 100080 Beijing China 2. institute of Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences 100080 Beijing China

Drop tower is an important ground based facility for microgravity science experiment. The technical performances of the drop tower NMLC are advanced compared with similar facilities in the US, Germany and Japan. The main components such as drop capsule, deceleration devices, release mechanism present its advantages and creativities.

关键词： drop tower facility,drop capsule,deceleration devices,release mechanism.

The crystal structure of (Fe_(4.Cr_(4.Ni)_(9)C_(4.

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第3期48卷 338-345页

作者： SHI Nicheng1, MA Zhesheng1, XIONG Ming1, DAI Mingquan1, BAI Wenji2. FANG Qingsong2. YAN Binggang2.& YANG Jingsui2.1. X-ray Diffraction Laboratory,{4. University of Geosciences, beijing 100083,{4. 2. institute of geology, chinese Academy of geological Sciences, beijing 10003.,{4. 1. X-ray Diffraction Laboratory China University of Geosciences 100083 Beijing China 2. institute of geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences 100037 Beijing China

(Fe4.r4.i)9C4.is a metal carbide mineral formed by combination of Fe, Cr and Ni with C. It occurs in a chromite deposit in the Luobusha ophiolite, Tibet. Based on the determina- tion of its crystal structure, the empirical formula is (Fe4.12.r3.84.i0.96)8.92.3.70 and the simplified formula is (Fe4.r4.i)4.9. The mineral is hexagonal with a = 1.38392.2. nm, c = 0.4.690(9) nm, space group P63 m c, Z=6 and the calculated specific gravity Dx = 7.089 g/cm3. Fe, Cr and Ni occupy different crystallographic sites and their coordination numbers are approximately 12. forming an alternate stacking sequence of flat and puckered layers along the c axis. Some me- tallic atoms have a defect structure. The interatomic distances of Fe, Cr and Ni are 0.2.2.— 0.2.66 nm, and the distances between Fe, Cr, Ni and C are 0.1893—0.2.69 nm. The coordina- tion number of carbon is 6. It occurs in interstices of the metallic atoms Fe, Cr and Ni to form trigonal-prismatically coordinated polyhedra. These coordination polyhedra are linked with each other via shared corners or shared edges into a new type of metal carbide structure.

关键词： Luobusha of Tibet, metal carbide, crystal structure.

Application of the moist vorticity vector in the analysis of a heavy rainfall event in North china

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2007年第12期17卷 1457-1465页

作者： Zhao Yu1,2.3, Wang Jianguo4.and Xue Deqiang2.1. Laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Severe Storms, institute of Atmospheric Physics, chinese Academy of Sciences, {2. 10002., china 2. Shandong Provincial Meteorological Observatory, Jinan 2.0031, china 3. Graduate University of chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 10003., china 4. Shandong Provincial Meteorological Bureau, Jinan 2.0031, china) Laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Severe Storms Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Shandong Provincial Meteorological Observatory Jinan 250031 China Graduate University of chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China Shandong Provincial Meteorological Bureau Jinan 250031 China

The moist vorticity vector (MVV), defined as (ζa×▽qv)/ρ introduced by Gao et al. is used to study a heavy rainfall event in North china. The MVV has zonal, meridional and vertical components in a three-dimensional framework. Analysis of domain-mean and mass-integrated quantities shows that the variation of the vertical component of the MVV closely follows the variation of the cloud hydrometeors, with a linear correlation coefficient of 0.95, indicating that the vertical component of the MVV is strongly associated with midlatitude convection. Further analysis shows that the vertical component of the MVV reflects the interaction between the horizontal vorticity and the horizontal specific humidity gradient, which can associate dynamic and thermodynamic processes with cloud microphysical processes. Thus, this study can help to understand how the interaction between circulations and clouds aids the development of convection, and the MVV can be used to trace the development and evolution of heavy rainfall.

关键词： moist vorticity vector heavy rainfall modeling study.

Geomorphologic evidence of phased uplift of the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau since 14.million years ago

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Science china Earth Sciences 2004年第9期47卷 822-833页

作者： LU Huayu1, WANG Xiaoyong1, AN Zhisheng1, MIAO Xiaodong1, ZHU Rixiang3, MA Haizhou2. LI Zhen4. TAN Hongbing2.& WANG Xianyan1 1. State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary geology, institute of Earth Environment, {2. Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710075 china 2. Qinghai institute of Salt Lakes, {2. Academy of Sciences. Xining 810008, china 3. institute of geology and Geophysics, {2. Academy of Sciences, beijing 10002., china 4. Department of Geography, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, china chinese Acad Sci Inst Earth Environm State Key Lab Loess & Quaternary Geol Xian 710075 Peoples R China chinese Acad Sci Qinghai Inst Salt Lakes Xining 810008 Peoples R China chinese Acad Sci Inst Geol & Geophys Beijing 100029 Peoples R China Qinghai Normal Univ Dept Geog Xining 810008 Peoples R China

A typical sequence of fluvial terraces and aeolian deposits overlying these ter- races were multidisciplinary investigated. New evidences for uplift process of the northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in the past 14.million years were obtained. At least 11 river terraces along Huangshui, the first-class tributary of Yellow River, at the Xining-Huzhu region are identi- fied. While the first one (T1) is classified as an accumulation terrace, the others are all basement river terraces, which consist of the Tertiary sandstone and siltstone bedrock, fluvial gravel and pebbles and the overlying aeolian loess-Red Clay deposit. Samples from the aeolian deposits were examined for paleomagnetic stratigraphic reconstruction (1030 samples), luminescence dating (16 samples), magnetic susceptibility and grain-size distribution (more than 4.00 sam- ples). The luminescence dating and stratigraphic correlation suggest that terraces of Tll, T10, T8, T7, T3, T2. T1 were formed at 14. 11.3, 1.55, 1.2. 0.15, 0.07 and 0.01 million years ago, re- spectively. Sedimentological analysis and geomorphological observation indicate that formation and evolution of these terraces were mainly driven by tectonic uplift. Therefore, the terrace se- quence provides an ideal geological record, of the uplift process of the northeastern during the past 14.million years, and the timings of the terraces formation are regarded as the timings of tectonic uplift. The significant uplifting events took place at 14. 11.3, 1.2.and 0.15 mil- lion years ago, respectively. The fluvial incision at the Xining-Huzhu region is less than 100 m during a period of ~12.million years in the Miocene era (between the Tll and T9), while the Huangshui River had incised 4.2.m during the past 1.2.million years (from T7 to the present floodplain). The river incision process clearly demonstrates that accelerated rising of the north- eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau during the late Cenozoic, and provides new evidence of previous thoughts

关键词： river terrace, tectonic uplift, loess-Red Clay, the past 14 million years, northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

Carbon isotope composition of the Lower Triassic marine carbonates, Lower Yangtze Region, South china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2006年第3期49卷 225-241页

作者： ZUO Jingxun1,2. TONG Jinnan3, QIU Haiou4.& ZHAO Laishi3 1. Nanjing institute of geology and Palaeontology, {2. Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 2.0008, china 2. Henan institute of geological Survey, Zhengzhou 4.0007, china 3. State Key Laboratory of geological Processes and Mineral Resources at china University of Geosciences, Wuhan 4.0074. china 4. Faculty of Material Sciences and Chemical Engineering, china University of Geosciences, Wuhan 4.0074. china 1. Nanjing institute of geology and Palaeontology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China 2. Henan institute of geological Survey Zhengzhou 450007 China 3. State Key Laboratory of geological Processes and Mineral Resources at china University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China 4. Faculty of Material Sciences and Chemical Engineering China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China

Studies on three Lower Triassic sections located on the shallow water platform, the deep water slope and in the deep water basin in the Lower Yangtze Region, South china, show the similar trend of carbon isotope evolution. Biostratigraphic correlations among the Lower Triassic sections on the basis of standard conodont zones indicate that three negative shifts occurred in the Griesbachian, the Smithian and the late Spathian stages respectively, and one distinctly positive shift occurred in the early Spathian stage. Trend of carbon isotope evolution of the Lower Triassic reflects some significant changes in the global carbon cycle. Moreover, δ 13C background values are intensively controlled by palaeogeographic environment. In general, δ 13C values from deep-water slope carbonates are lighter than those from carbonate platform and heavier than those from deep-water basin carbonates. The positive carbon isotope excursion may be induced by a significant amount of organic carbon burial in marine sediments and increase in primary productivity. The large negative carbon isotope excursions during the Early Triassic in Lower Yangtze Region are interpreted to relate to volcano eruptions based on tuffaceous claystone interlayers observed near the Permian-Triassic boundary, the Induan- Olenekian boundary and the Lower Triassic-Middle Triassic boundary.

关键词： Lower Triassic, carbon isotope compositions, palaeogeography, volcanic eruptions, Lower Yangtze Region.

Seismic multi-arch structures in East china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2006年第2期49卷 133-146页

作者： YANG Wencai1 & CHEN Zhide2.1.institute of geology, {2. Academy of {4. Sciences, beijing 10003., china 2.Daqing institute of Petroleum Exploration and Production, Daqing 163712. china 1. institute of geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100037 China 2. Daqing institute of Petroleum Exploration and Production Daqing 163712 China

In previous papers (Wencai, 2.02. 2.03), the author has analyzed the deep seismic reflection profiles along some of the Mesozoic plutons in East china, and has pointed out that the crustal structures around these intrusions usually correlate with a special seismic fabric called the seismic multi-arch structure. This paper will continue to show main characteristics of the seismic multi-arch structures and discuss their relationship with mantle-origin magmatism and the lithospheric thinning process. Calibration of seismic reflectors in {4. continental drilling sites shows that small-scale arch-like reflectors can be generated by fractured eclogites or other plutons, they do not belong to the multi-arch structure specially discussed in the paper. The multi-arch structure is char-acterized by several arch-like reflectors distributed in both the upper and lower crust with granitoid plutons or stocks exposed on the surface, which do not have obvious negative Europium anomalies. Based on the distribution pattern of arch reflectors, the multi-arch magmatic structures can be divided into three main types, namely the simple vertical combination type, the spread arch magmatic struc-ture and the arch-bouquet structure. All of them correlate to mantle-origin magmatism, but occur in different places. The spread arch magmatic structures occur within a Mesozoic/Cenozoic rift zone with very thin and hot lithosphere. The vertical combination type of the multi-arch structures occurred near the rift zones where lithosphere was thin and hot. The arch-bouquet magmatic structures occur far from the rift zones where the lithosphere is not hot. The continental rifting acted as the late episode of the lithospheric thinning process seeing that the rift zones usually coincide with the thinnest parts of the lithosphere in East china. In different locations within the lithospheric thinning areas, mantle-origin magmatic activities have different characteristics, which might generate different

关键词： deep seismic reflection, multi-arch structure, eclogite bodies, mantle-origin magmatism, East china.

Northernmost paleo-tethyan oceanic basin in Tibet:Geo-chronological evidence from ^(4.)Ar/^(39)Ar age dating of Dur'ngoi ophiolite

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chinese Science Bulletin 2001年第14期46卷 1203-1205页

作者： CHEN Liang, SUN Yong, PEI Xianzhi, GAO Ming, FENG Tao, ZHANG Zhongqing & CHEN Wen1. Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, china 2. Department of geology, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069, china 3. {4. of geology, chinese Academy of geological Sciences, beijing, 10003., china Laboratory of Continental Dynamics Northwest University Xi’an China Department of geology Northwest University Xi’an China institute of geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing China

Whole rock 4.Ar/39Ar age dating has been conducted on a basalt sample from Dur’ngoi ophiolite, Qinghai Province, which was reported to be the northernmost pa-leo-tethyan oceanic basin in Tibet. A high temperature pla-teau age (34..3±7.9 Ma) with an isochorn age (336.6±7.1 Ma) has been obtained, representing the eruption time of oceanic crust Considering related geological settings, the new age provides constraints on the northernmost pa-leo-tethyan suture zone in Tibet and the tectonic evolution of Paleo-tethys in Northeast Tibet and adjacent areas.

关键词： Dur’ngoi ophlolite 4.Ar -39Ar age Paleo-tethys.

Adjoint method for the optimum planning of industrial pollutant sources

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第8期48卷 1270-1279页

作者： LIU Feng1,2. HU Fei2.& ZHU Jiang2.1. College of Environmental Sciences, Peking University, beijing 100871,{4. 2. LAPC, {2. of Atmospheric Physics, chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 10002.,{4. 1. College of Environmental Sciences Peking University 100871 Beijing China 2. LAPC Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 100029 Beijing China

The optimum planning of industrial pollutant sources, which optimizes the economic object without violating environmental constraints, is an important and hard task to be conquered. In this paper, an adjoint method is developed to solve the problem. The penalty function is in-troduced to deal with the environmental inequality constraints, and Lagrange function is con-structed to derive the adjoint equation and the gradient of the object function. In this means, the gradient of the object function can be calculated by solving the adjoint equation, and the infor-mation from the gradient is used to make the object function descend and approach to an optimal solution after some iterations. A two-dimensional, simplified model is used for numerical experi-ments. The theoretical derivations are verified by the results of the experiments. Furthermore, the adjoint method is shown to be of excellent convergence and efficiency, which is adaptive to the fast development of air quality numerical models and super computers.

关键词： optimum planning, industrial pollutant sources, adjoint equation, penalty function, gradient.

Bio-regeneration of p-complexation desulfurization adsorbents

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Science china Chemistry 2005年第6期48卷 538-544页

作者： LI Wangliang1,2. XING Jianmin1, XIONG Xiaochao1,2. SHAN Guobin1,2.& LIU Huizhou1 1. Laboratory of Separation Science and Engineering, institute of Process Engineering, {4. Academy of Sciences, {2. 100080, china 2. Graduate School of the {4. Academy of Sciences,{2. 10003., china 1. Laboratory of Separation Science and Engineering Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences 100080 Beijing China 2. Graduate School of the chinese Academy of Sciences 100039 Beijing China

The coupling of adsorption desulfurization and biodesulfurization is a new approach to produce clean fuels. Sulfur compounds are firstly adsorbed on adsorbents, and then the ad-sorbents are regenerated by microbial conversion. p-Complexation adsorbent, Cu(I)-Y, was ob-tained by ion exchanging Y-type zeolite with Cu2. and then by auto-reduction in helium at 4.0℃ for 3 h. Dibenzothiophene (DBT) was used as a model compound. The effects of cell concentra-tion, volume of oil phase, the ratio of aqueous phase to adsorbent on DBT desorption by a bac-terium were studied. The amounts of DBT desorbed and 2.HBP produced can be apparently increased with addition of n-octane. BDS activity can be improved by increasing cell concentra-tion and the ratio of water-to-adsorbent. 89% of DBT desorbed from the adsorbents can be converted to 2.HBP within 6 h and almost 100% within 2. h, when the volume ratio of oil-to-water was 1/5 mL/mL, the cell concentration was 60 g·L?1, and the ratio of adsorbent-to-oil was 0.03 g·mL?1. The amount of 2.HBP produced was strongly dependent on the volume ratio of oil-to- water, cell concentration and amount of adsorbent. Adsorption capacity of the regenerated ad-sorbent is 95% that of the fresh one after being desorbed with Pseudomonas delafieldii R-8, washed with n-octane, dried at 100℃ for 2. h and auto-reduced in He.

关键词： adsorption desulfurization p-complexation adsorbents bio-regeneration Pseudomonas delafieldii desorption.