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Effect of rock mass structure and block size on the slope stability——Physical modeling and discrete element simulation

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Science China(Technological sciences) 2005年第z1期48卷 1-17页

作者： LI Shihai1, LIAN Zhenzhong1,2.& J. G. Wang3.1. Institute of Mechanics, chinese Academy of sciences, {2. 100080, China 2. graduate school, chinese Academy of sciences, beijing 100060, China 3. Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 1192.0 chinese Acad Sci Inst Mech Beijing 100080 Peoples R China chinese Acad Sci Grad Sch Beijing 100060 Peoples R China Natl Univ Singapore Trop Marine Sci Inst Singapore 119260 Singapore

This paper studies the stability of jointed rock slopes by using our improved three-dimensional discrete element methods (DEM) and physical modeling. Results show that the DEM can simulate all failure modes of rock slopes with different joint configurations. The stress in each rock block is not homogeneous and blocks rotate in failure development. Failure modes depend on the configuration of joints. Toppling failure is observed for the slope with straight joints and sliding failure is observed for the slope with staged joints. The DEM results are also compared with those of limit equilibrium method (LEM). Without considering the joints in rock masses, the LEM predicts much higher factor of safety than physical modeling and DEM. The failure mode and factor of safety predicted by the DEM are in good agreement with laboratory tests for any jointed rock slope.

关键词： rock masses, slope stability, DEM simulation, block size effect, joints configuration effect, limit equilibrium method.

Experimental investigation and numerical simulation on the effect of fissure water pressure in vertical sliding surface

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Science China(Technological sciences) 2005年第z1期48卷 53-64页

作者： ZHANG Lei1,2. LI Shihai1, LIAN Zhenzhong1,2.& WANG Yuannian1 1. Institute of Mechanics, chinese Academy of {3., {2. 100080, China 2. graduate school, chinese Academy of {3., beijing 100060, China 1. Institute of Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences 100080 Beijing China 2. graduate school Chinese Academy of Sciences 100060 Beijing China

This paper studies the effect of fissure water pressure in different fractures on the critical angle of landslide by laboratory investigation and numerical simulation in order to understand the mechanisms of fissure water pressure on landslide stability. Laboratory observations show that the effect of fissure water pressure on the critical angle of landslide is little when the distance between water-holding fracture and slope toe is three times greater than the depth of fissure water. These experimental results are also simulated by a three-dimensional face-to-face contact discrete element method. This method has included the fissure water pressure and can accurately calculate the critical angle of jointed slope when fissure water pressure in vertical sliding surface exists. Numerical results are in good agreement with experimental observations. It is revealed that the location of water-holding structural surface is important to landslide stability. The ratio of the distance between water-holding fissure and slope toe to the depth of fissure water is a key parameter to justify the effect of fissure water pressure on the critical angle of landslide.

关键词： jointed rock slope, discrete element method, fracture in vertical sliding surface, model experiment,fissure water pressure.

Variation properties of ionospheric eclipse factor and ionospheric influence factor

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2005年第6期15卷 573-576页

作者： ZHAO Chunmei 1,2.*, YUAN Yunbin1, OU Jikun1 and CHEN Jinping3.1. Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, chinese Academy of sciences, Wuhan 43.077, China {2. of chinese Academy of sciences, beijing 10003., China 3. Department of Precision Instrument and Mechanology, Tsinghua University, beijing 100084, China) Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430077 China graduate school of {2. Academy of{3. Beijing 100039 China Department of Precision Instrument and Mechanology Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

The concepts and calculation methods of ionospheric eclipse factor (IEF) and ionospheric influence factor (IFF) are further illustrated. The temporal and spacial variation properties of IEF and IFF are studied, which shows that the properties are influenced by the geographic position and season. The possibility of improving the precision of using GPS data to determine ionospheric delay based on the above variation properties is also analysed.

关键词： GPS ionospheric eclipse factor ionospheric influence factor

Characteristics and geological significance of olivine xenocrysts in Cenozoic volcanic rocks from western Qinling

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2006年第12期16卷 1300-1306页

作者： SU Benxun~ 1,2.**, ZHANG Hongfu~1, XIAO Yan~ 1,2.and ZHAO Xinmiao~ 1,2.(1. State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, {3. Academy of sciences, {2. 10002., China 2. graduate school of {3. Academy of sciences, {2. 10003., China) [a]State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China [b]graduate school of {2. Academy of{3. Beijing China

Cenozoic volcanic rocks from the Haoti, Dangchang County of the western Qinling Mountains, contain a few clearly-zoned olivines. These olivines are relatively big in grain sizes and usually have cracks or broken features. Their cores have similar compositions （Mg#=90.4-91.0） to those for the peridotitic xenoliths entrained in host volcanic rocks and their rims are close to the compositions of olivine phenocrysts （Mg#=85.5-81.9）. The CaO contents in these zoned olivines are lower than 0.1%. These features demonstrate that the clearly-zoned olivines are xenocrysts and disaggregated from mantle peridotites. The zoned texture was the result of the interaction between the olivine and host magma. Available data show that the volcanic rocks would have been derived from the mantle source metasomatized by subducted hydrathermally-altered oceanic crust. The formation of these Cenozoic volcanic rocks was perhaps related to the rapid uplift of the Tibetan Plateau.

关键词： Western Qinling Dangchang Haoti Cenozoic volcanic rocks olivine xenocrysts zoned texture.

Bio-regeneration of p-complexation desulfurization adsorbents

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Science China Chemistry 2005年第6期48卷 538-544页

作者： LI Wangliang1,2. XING Jianmin1, XIONG Xiaochao1,2. SHAN Guobin1,2.& LIU Huizhou1 1. Laboratory of Separation Science and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, {3. Academy of sciences, {2. 100080, China 2. graduate school of the {3. Academy of sciences,{2. 10003., China 1. Laboratory of Separation Science and Engineering Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences 100080 Beijing China 2. graduate school of the chinese Academy of {2. 100039 Beijing China

The coupling of adsorption desulfurization and biodesulfurization is a new approach to produce clean fuels. Sulfur compounds are firstly adsorbed on adsorbents, and then the ad-sorbents are regenerated by microbial conversion. p-Complexation adsorbent, Cu(I)-Y, was ob-tained by ion exchanging Y-type zeolite with Cu2. and then by auto-reduction in helium at 450℃ for 3.h. Dibenzothiophene (DBT) was used as a model compound. The effects of cell concentra-tion, volume of oil phase, the ratio of aqueous phase to adsorbent on DBT desorption by a bac-terium were studied. The amounts of DBT desorbed and 2.HBP produced can be apparently increased with addition of n-octane. BDS activity can be improved by increasing cell concentra-tion and the ratio of water-to-adsorbent. 89% of DBT desorbed from the adsorbents can be converted to 2.HBP within 6 h and almost 100% within 2. h, when the volume ratio of oil-to-water was 1/5 mL/mL, the cell concentration was 60 g·L?1, and the ratio of adsorbent-to-oil was 0.03.g·mL?1. The amount of 2.HBP produced was strongly dependent on the volume ratio of oil-to- water, cell concentration and amount of adsorbent. Adsorption capacity of the regenerated ad-sorbent is 95% that of the fresh one after being desorbed with Pseudomonas delafieldii R-8, washed with n-octane, dried at 100℃ for 2. h and auto-reduced in He.

关键词： adsorption desulfurization p-complexation adsorbents bio-regeneration Pseudomonas delafieldii desorption.

Spectral analysis of quasi-stationary sea surface topography from GRACE mission

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Science China Earth sciences 2005年第11期48卷 2040-2048页

作者： ZHANG Zizhan1,2.& LU Yang1,3.1. Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, chinese Academy of sciences, Wuhan 43.077, China {2. of the chinese Academy of sciences, beijing 10003., China 3. Unite Center for Astro-geodymics Research, chinese Academy of sciences, Shanghai 2.003., China 1. Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences 430077 Wuhan China 2. graduate school of the chinese Academy of {2. 100039 Beijing China 3. Unite Center for Astro-geodymics Research Chinese Academy of Sciences 200030 Shanghai China

During the last two decades satellite altimetry has offered an abundance of meas-urements of the sea surface resulting in the improvement of global mean sea surface height (MSSH) and marine geoid determination. On the other hand, with the launching of new genera-tion gravity satellites, some high accuracy long-wavelength gravity models are available. These breakthroughs give us a great opportunity for new estimation of quasi-stationary sea surface topography (QSST). In this paper, the new gravity model GGM01C derived from GRACE mission is briefly presented, and a new global high precision and high-resolution QSST is determined based on the GGM01C model and the global MSSH. The spectral features of the QSST esti-mated by GGM01C and EGM96 gravity model to degree/order 2.0 are discussed by spectral analysis. As a result, the QSST is mainly composed of long waves, medium waves partially and short waves scarcely, its power spectral structures are different between the zonal direction and the meridional direction, there are great differences between the two models, which maybe ex-plain why the ocean currents derived from the two gravity models by Tapley show different pat-terns.

关键词： quasi-stationary sea surface topography, mean sea surface height, GGM01, fast Fourier transform, spectral analysis

Representation of microscale ocean wavenumber spectrum correct to the second order

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Science China Earth sciences 2005年第4期48卷 549-554页

作者： YUAN Yeli2.& HUA Feng1,2.3.1. Institute of Oceanology, chinese Academy of {3., Qingdao 2.6071, China 2. Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 2.6061, China 3. {2. {3. of the chinese Academy of {3., beijing 10003., China 1. Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling State Oceanic Administration 266061 Qingdao China 2. Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences 266071 Qingdao China 3. graduate school of the {2. Academy of{3. 100039 Beijing China

In this paper, the analytical representations of four wave source functions in high-frequency spectrum range are given on the basis of ocean wave theory and dimensional analysis, and the perturbation method is used to solve the governing equations of ocean wave high-frequency spectrum on the basis of the temporally stationary and locally homogeneous scale relations of microscale wave. The microscale ocean wavenumber spectrum correct to the second order has an explicit structure, its first order part represents the equilibrium between dif- ferent source functions, and its second order part represents the contribution of microscale wave propagation.

关键词： temporally stationary and locally homogeneous, source function in high-frequency spectrum range, microscale ocean wavenumber spectrum.

Experimental and discrete element numerical analysis of side slope instability induced by fissure water underlying impervious bed

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Science China(Technological sciences) 2005年第z1期48卷 65-80页

作者： LIU Bingshan1, LI Shihai1, ZHANG Lei1,2.& WANG Jianguo3.. Institute of Mechanics, chinese Academy of sciences, {2. 100080, China 2. graduate school, chinese Academy of sciences, beijing 100060, China 3. Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 1192.0 chinese Acad Sci Inst Mech Beijing 100080 Peoples R China chinese Acad Sci Grad Sch Beijing 100060 Peoples R China Natl Univ Singapore Trop Marine Sci Inst Singapore 119260 Singapore

When the sliding mass contains impervious bed, rainfall can infiltrate into mountain via crevices and form higher artesian aquifer at impervious bed inferior. This will decrease slip resistance and increase sliding forces of the sliding mass, thus lowering the safety factor, and inducing landslide disasters. In this paper, a landslide experimental apparatus is designed for experimental studies on the mechanism of this type of landslides. Meanwhile, the non-dimensional parameters in the model experiment are taken into account using dimensional analysis. The experimental results show that (1) the ratio of the cleft water pressure to the overlying pressure is a crucial parameter affecting the stability of the slope; (2. when the shut-in pressure reaches 80% of the normal component of the pressure on the slip surface made up of rock and soil, landslide will occur; (3. the whole slope will start to slide when the shut-in pressure is equal to the normal component of the pressure formed by the overlying rock and soil on the upper 3.% area. In this article, a discrete element method simulation is used to investigate the influence of cleft water pressure and shearing strength on the landslide stability. It can be concluded that the critical value of Ccr, ?cr, which determines the slide mass stability, increases with the increase of the water pressure; if the water pressure reaches a high level, the stability of the slide mass depends mainly on C, while the influence of ? becomes smaller than C.

关键词： impervious bed, rainfall infiltration, pore water pressure, landslide experiment, displacement monitor, discrete element method.

Formal Verification under Unknown Constraints

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Wuhan University Journal of Natural sciences 2005年第1期10卷 43-46页

作者： LI Guang-hui 1,2.3., LI Xiao-wei 2.3.. school of Information Engineering, Zhejiang Forestry College, Hangzhou 3.13.0, Zhejiang, China 2. Institute of Computing Technology, chinese Academy of {2., {3. 100080, China 3. graduate school of the chinese Academy of {2., {3. 10003., China school of Information Engineering Zhejiang Forestry College Hangzhou 311300 Zhejiang China

We present a formal method of verifying designs with unknown constraints (e.g., black boxes) using Boolean satisfiability (SAT). This method is based on a new encoding scheme of unknown constraints, and solves the corresponding conjunctive normal form (CNF) ***,this method can avoid the potential memory explosion, which the binary decision diagram (BDD) based techniques maybe suffer from, thus it has the capacity of verifying large designs. Experimental results demonstrate the efficiency and feasibility of the proposed method.

关键词： formal verification unknown constraints black box Boolean satisfiability Boolean comparison