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Climatic and environmental changes over the last millennium recorded in the Malan ice core from the northern Tibetan Plateau

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Science china Earth sciences 2006年第10期49卷 1079-1089页

作者： WANG Ninglian1,2. YAO Tandong2.1, PU Jianchen1, ZHANG Yongliang1 & SUN Weizhen1 1. Key Laboratory of Cryosphere and Environment, Cold and Arid Regions environmental and Engineering research Institute, Chinese {2. of sciences, Lanzhou 730000, china 2. Institute of Tibetan Plateau research, Chinese {2. of sciences, beijing 100085, china 1. Key Laboratory of Cryosphere and Environment Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China 2. Institute of Tibetan Plateau research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China

In this paper, climatic and environmental changes were reconstructed since 112.A.D. based on the Malan ice core from Hol Xil, the northern Tibetan Plateau. The record of δ 18O in the Malan ice core indicated that the warm-season air temperature variations displayed a general increase trend, the 2.th-century warming was within the range of natural climate variability, and the warmest century was the 17th century while the warmest decade was the 1610s, over the entire study period. The “Medieval Warm Epoch” and “Little Ice Age” were also reflected by the ice core record. The dust ratio in the Malan ice core is a good proxy for dust event frequency. The 870-year record of the dust ratio showed that dust events occurred much frequently in the 19th century. Comparing the variations of δ 18O and the dust ratio, it is found that there was a strong negative correlation between them on the time scales of 101―102.years. By analyses of all the climatic records of ice cores and tree rings from the northern Tibetan Plateau, it was revealed that dust events were more frequent in the cold and dry periods than in the warm and wet periods.

关键词： the Tibetan Plateau, the Malan ice core, climate changes, dust event frequency.

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Degradation of furan tebufenozide in laboratory and field trials

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Science china Chemistry 2010年第8期53卷 1818-1824页

作者： GUO Cong,LI DaHui,CHEN JinHui,GUO BaoYuan,WANG HuiLi & LI JianZhong research center for {2.-environmental sciences,Chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100085,china 1. research center for {2.-environmental sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China

Furan tebufenozide is a newly developed insect growth regulator and has been applied as a pesticide in agriculture in *** degradation under both laboratory and field conditions was investigated,and the degradation kinetics was fitted by simple first order kinetics (SFO) model and first order double exponential (FOD) *** studies were conducted with or without light in five simulated media (sterilized deionized water,river water,soil solution,sterilized soil and natural soil).No dissipations of furan tebufenozide were observed in sterilized aqueous and soil media under light prevented conditions,whereas degradation occurred under all the other conditions in the *** from SFO and FOD models,DT50 in the dark and light laboratory conditions was in the range of 39.7-82.5 and 1.1-8.0 days,*** results indicated that microbes and light were the main factors for the degradation of the pesticide in the *** field trials,derived from the SFO model,DT50 and DT90 were 30.3 and 100.5 days,while derived from the FOD model,DT50 and DT90 were 2..9 and 2.4.9 days,*** with laboratory experiments,field trials were influenced by multiple ***,the SFO model could not fit experimental data as well as the FOD model did in field trials.

关键词： uran tebufenozide dissipation soil water degradation kinetics

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Influence of organic amendments on the sorption of pentachlorophenol on soils

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Journal of environmental sciences 2009年第4期21卷 474-480页

作者： LI Ruijuan, WEN Bei, ZHANG Shuzhen, PEI Zhiguo, SHAN Xiaoquan State Key Laboratory of environmental Chemistry and ecotoxicology, {2. center for eco-environmental sciences, Chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100085, china [a]State Key Laboratory of environmental Chemistry and ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China

The influence of pH on the sorption of pentachlorophenol （PCP） onto three organic amendments, char, humic acid （HA） and peat, and the effect of organic amendments on PCP sorption to three kinds of soils were evaluated. The sorption of PCP on these sorbents fitted the Freundlich model well, suggesting that PCP sorption isotherms were nonlinear with exponential coefficient （N） value lower than 1. The PCP sorption capacity on three organic amendments and the N values increased with decreasing pH. The sorption capacities were in the order： char 〉 HA 〉 peat. Organic amendments resulted in an enhancement of sorption capacities of soils. The N values of PCP sorption on soils were decreased by char amendment and increased by HA and peat amendments. This study demonstrated that application of traditional organic amendments led to the enhancement of PCP sorption by soils. This information may aid both in predicting environmental fates of hydrophobic ionizable organic compounds and in developing remediation strategies for them.

关键词： sorption pentachlorophenol char peat humic acid pH

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Foundation of regional ecology and its methodologies

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Journal of environmental sciences 1995年第3期7卷 259-265页

作者： Ye Changming(research center for {2.-Environrnental sciences, ChineseAcaderny of sciences, beijing100085. china)

ＦｏｕｎｄａｔｉｏｎｏｆｒｅｇｉｏｎａｌｅｃｏｌｏｇｙａｎｄｉｔｓｍｅｔｈｏｄｏｌｏｇｉｅｓＹｅＣｈａｎｇｍｉｎｇ（ＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＣｅｎｔｅｒｆｏｒＥｃｏ－ＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｒｎｅｎｔａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ，Ｃｈｉｎｅｓ... 详细信息

ＦｏｕｎｄａｔｉｏｎｏｆｒｅｇｉｏｎａｌｅｃｏｌｏｇｙａｎｄｉｔｓｍｅｔｈｏｄｏｌｏｇｉｅｓＹｅＣｈａｎｇｍｉｎｇ（ＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＣｅｎｔｅｒｆｏｒＥｃｏ－ＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｒｎｅｎｔａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ，ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅｒｎｙｏｆＳｃｉｅｎｃ...

关键词： regional ecology fundamentals imethodology china.

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Hydrolytic　dynamics　of　pesticide　N＇－（2.4－dimethylphenyl）－N－methylformamidine　in　aquatic　solution

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Journal of environmental sciences 1996年第2期8卷 185-190页

作者： Mo Hanhong Yang Kewu An Fengchun Liu Ye (research center for {2.-environmental sciences, Chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100085, china) Res. Ctr. for eco-Environ. sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China

The hydrolytic dynamics of pesticide N' -(2.4-dimethylphenyl)-N-methylformamidine (DMA) in aquatic solution and its degradation in simulated aquatic ecosystem were investigated. The results showed that the compound was not very stable in aqueous solution and easily decomposed in alkaline solution. It was stable below pH5 and there was obvious tendency that the compound was easily decomposed when PH was greater than 6. The reaction rate constant of DMA increased with increasing of either pH value Or temperature of reaction medium. The half-life values of hydrolysis for DMA at 2.℃ were 15. 92.days at pH 6, and 1. 40 days at pH 9 , respectively. The temperature coefficient and activation energy of hydrolysis for DMA was 2. 9 and 78. 74kJ. mol-1 , respectively. The degradation of DMA in simulated aquatic ecosystem was similar to that in buffer solution in the laboratory. The half-life values of degradation for DMA at 2.℃ in simulated aquatic ecosystem were 3. 2. days at pH 9. 13 and 1. 41 days at pH 8. 2. , respectively.

关键词： pesticide N'- ( 2.4-dimethylphenyl)-N-methylformamidine hydrolysis degradation.

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Levels and distributions of polychlorinated biphenyls in sewage sludge of urban wastewater treatment plants

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Journal of environmental sciences 2009年第4期21卷 468-473页

作者： GUO Li, ZHANG Bing, XIAO Ke, ZHANG Qinghua, ZHENG Minghui State Key Laboratory of environmental Chemistry and ecotoxicology, {2. center for eco-environmental sciences, Chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100085, china [a]State Key Laboratory of environmental Chemistry and ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China

Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls （PCBs） have been measured in sewage sludge samples from 8 urban wastewater treatment plants in beijing, china. The PCB congeners were analyzed by isotope dilution high resolution gas chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry method. The concentration of PCBs ranged from 65.6 to 157 ng/g dry weight （dw）, with a mean value of 101 ng/g dw. The dioxin-like PCB WHO-TEQs （World Health Organization-Toxic Equivalents） of the sludge were lower than 1 pg /g dw. Consequently, all the concentrations of PCBs in sludge samples were below the upper limit for land application according to the Chinese legislation law for agriculture use. The PCB homologue profiles in sludge samples were dominated by tri-CBs and tetra- CBs. Similar distributions have been found in one of the Chinese PCB commercial products. The patterns of dioxin-like and indicator congeners observed in this study were quite similar in all samples. The predominant congener for dioxin-like and indicator PCBs were PCB-118 and PCB-2., respectively, while PCB-12. had the highest TEQ value.

关键词： polychlorinated biphenyls wastewater treatment plant sewage sludge distribution

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A human－ecology approach to environmental design──An integrative human－ecology design derived from Chinese agricultural cultur eexperiences

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Journal of environmental sciences 1994年第4期6卷 478-485,485页

作者： Hu Dan (research center for {2.-environmental sciences , Chinese academy of sciences , beijing 100085, china)

Based on fundamental principles of ecology ,the ecological philosophy connotation of Feng-Shui(Wind and Water) concept from experiences of Chinese agricultural culture was first discussed , and then hu-man-ecological implications of Feng-Shui environment architecture is analyzed. As a theoretical integrationbetween human ecology and Feng-Shui theory ,“environment” and “environmental design” concepts were re-examined and given new definitions. With holistic principles of human ecological design in the context ofFeng-Shui , essential technical ways of integrative human ecological design were explored in the presentationof a case study of an urban environmental design in east china.

关键词： integrative environmental design human ecology Feng-Shui environment architecture.

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Evaluation on abundance or deficiency of avai－lable trace elements in soil of middle area in china and the effect of applying trace element fertilizer

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Journal of environmental sciences 1994年第3期6卷 361-372页

作者： Li Jiyun Liu Xiudi Fan Lihong Tong Yiping Yang Junhui(research center for {2.-environmental sciences,Chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100085,china)

The authors selected the west part of Xinxiang City,Henan Province in the north china plain as a typical region and carried out assessments of the abundanca or deficiency of the trace ele- ments(B,Mn,Mo,Zn,Cu,Fe)in *** can be seen from results that more than 80% of the farmland is deficiency of zinc(2.% of manganese(100ppm)and 13% of iron(7.0ppm)and that the content of available trace ele- ments in soil are related to the topography *** the proper application of trace elements on grain crops is presented.

关键词： evaluation available trace element soil type topography.

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On the determination of nitrous oxide emission factor during biomass burning

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Journal of environmental sciences 1994年第3期6卷 261-267页

作者： Cao Meiqiu Zhuang Yahui (research center for {2.-environmental sciences, Chinese academy of sciences) P. O. Box 2.71,beijing 100085,china

The emission factors of nitrous oxide have been determined during the combustion of rice straws, maize stalks and wheat stalks in an enclosed combustion system. They equal to 84.4 ± 6.08g/t for rice straws,132. 8.63g/t for maize stalks,and 2..3 ±1.79g/tfor wheat stalks,respectively. The uncertainties in the determination of nitrous oxide have been discussed. The N_2.-N(nitrogen in nitrous oxide emission)accounts for 0. 59% and 0. 87% of the total nitrogen in rice straws and maize stalks,respectively. An 1￣0 ×1￣0 grid map on the distribution of N_2. emission from biomass burning in china mainland was shown.

关键词： biomass burning,nitrous oxide emission factor

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Adjoint method for the optimum planning of industrial pollutant sources

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Science china Earth sciences 2005年第8期48卷 1270-1279页

作者： LIU Feng1,2. HU Fei2.& ZHU Jiang2.1. College of environmental sciences, Peking University, {2. 100871, china 2. LAPC, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese academy of sciences, {2. 10002., china 1. College of environmental sciences Peking University 100871 Beijing China 2. LAPC Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 100029 Beijing China

The optimum planning of industrial pollutant sources, which optimizes the economic object without violating environmental constraints, is an important and hard task to be conquered. In this paper, an adjoint method is developed to solve the problem. The penalty function is in-troduced to deal with the environmental inequality constraints, and Lagrange function is con-structed to derive the adjoint equation and the gradient of the object function. In this means, the gradient of the object function can be calculated by solving the adjoint equation, and the infor-mation from the gradient is used to make the object function descend and approach to an optimal solution after some iterations. A two-dimensional, simplified model is used for numerical experi-ments. The theoretical derivations are verified by the results of the experiments. Furthermore, the adjoint method is shown to be of excellent convergence and efficiency, which is adaptive to the fast development of air quality numerical models and super computers.

关键词： optimum planning, industrial pollutant sources, adjoint equation, penalty function, gradient.

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