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Absolute radiometric calibration of CBERS-02.IRMSS thermal band

Science China(Technological sciences) 2005年第S2期48卷 72-90页

作者： ZHANG Yong1,2.3. GU Xingfa1,3.4, YU Tao1,3. ZHANG Yuxiang5, CHEN Liangfu1,3. LI Xiaoying1,2.3. LI Xiaowen1,3.& HE Liming6 1. State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Jointly Sponsored by the Institute of Remote Sensing Applications of chinese {3. of {2. and {3. Normal University, {3. 100101, China 2. Graduate University of chinese {3. of {2., beijing 10003., China 3. The center for {13. Spaceborne Demonstration, {3. 100101, China 4. Institut {13. de la Recherche Agronomique, Climat Sol Environnement, 84914 Avignon, France 5. {13. Satellite Meteorological center, {3. 100081, China 6. State Environmental Protection Administration, {3. 10002., China chinese Acad Sci Inst Remote Sensing Applicat State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci Beijing 100101 Peoples R China beijing Normal Univ State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci Beijing 100101 Peoples R China chinese Acad Sci Grad Univ Beijing 100039 Peoples R China Ctr Natl Spaceborne Demonstrat Beijing 100101 Peoples R China INRA F-84914 Avignon France Natl Satellite Meteorol Ctr Beijing 100081 Peoples R China State Environm Protect Adm Beijing 100029 Peoples R China

Based on the laboratory calibration before launch of CBERS-02.IRMSS thermal infrared channel, the onboard blackbody calibration, the radiometric cross- calibration against TERRA MODIS corresponding channel and the in-flight field calibration at Lake Qinghai: water surface radiometric calibration test site of China on Aug. 17, 2.04 are carried out in this research. When making onboard blackbody calibration of CBERS-02.IRMSS, it is necessary to understand inside structures and light path in IRMSS camera and receive and process calibration blackbody signals at normal and high temperatures. Onboard blackbody calibration results of each detector are very important to relative radiometric calibration of images processing and absolute radiometric calibration of each detector. In-flight field calibration mainly contains field experiments, obtaining synchronous images, spectrum marching and MODTRAN radiative transmi- ssion computation. Radiometric cross-calibration of CBERS-02.IRMSS thermal band against TERRA MODIS selected 6 times synchronous images of two sensors passing through Lake Qinghai and Lake Taihu from August to December, 2.04 to compute the cross calibration data. Combining the in-flight field calibration and radiometric cross calibration data, the absolute radiometric calibration coefficients are calculated by the linear regression method. This new calibration model can obviously control the radiometric calibration uncertainties aroused by the single point method used in the in-flight calibration of CBERS-02.IRMSS, this kind of sensors cannot receive the cosmic background radiation. In this research, the radiometric calibration coefficients obtained through the linear regression model are 8.53.(gain, unit: DN/W m?2.r?1μm?1) and 44.92.(offset, unit: DN).

关键词： CBERS-02 IRMSS thermal band in-flight field calibration onboard blackbody calibration cross calibration.

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The Mechanism of Structural Control of Ore Formation and Geochemical Characteristics in the Massive Sulfide Deposits of the Wushan Copper Ore Field,Jiangxi

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 1990年第3期64卷 261-274页

作者： Liu Xun Institute of Geomechanics, chinese academy of geological sciences, beijing Zhang Zhongmin Institute of Geomechanics Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing

The ore-controlling mechanism of the bedding fault system in the massive sulfide deposits of the Wushancopper orefield may be generalized as the control of ore deposition by optimum surface in an ore-formingstructural trap. The mechanism has three major features: (1) timing of mineralization; (2. positioning of hostformation; and (3. dependence of ore-controlling structure on properties of rocks. The 'optimum surface' is adivisional structural plane which marks obvious difference in physical, chemical and mechanical properties andis favorable for mineralization. It is also a unity of structures. lithofacies and orebodies. The structural and geochemical characteristics of the ore deposits indicate the migration trend of the ma-jor characteristic clements in the ore-controlling fault belt: elements with a small radius (Si, Fe, Mg and Al)moved towards and concentrated at the center of the belt while large-radius ones (Ca, K and Na) were remotefrom the center.

关键词： The Mechanism of Structural Control of Ore Formation and Geochemical Characteristics in the Massive Sulfide Deposits of the Wushan Copper Ore Field Jiangxi

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Discovery of a pterodactylid pterosaur from the Yixian Formation of western Liaoning,China

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chinese Science Bulletin 2001年第13期46卷 1112-1117页

作者： WANG Xiaolin & LU Junchang1. Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, chinese academy of {2., {3. 100044, China 2. College of Earth {2. and Resources, China University of Geo-{2., {3. 100083. China 3. Department of geological {2., Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 752.5, USA Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044 China

A well-preserved pterosaur with nearly complete skull is described from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation at Sihetun in western Liaoning. It is characterized by a low and long crestless skull, slender and pointed teeth, long metacarpal, nearly equal length of metatarsals I -III and short pedal digit V. It is referred to a new genus and species of the family Pterodactylidae: Haopterus gracilis gen. et sp. nov. This is the first pterosaur with a nearly complete skull from the Jehol Biota; it also represents the first non-controversial fossil record of Pterodactylidae in Asia. Haopterus is more derived than Pterodactylus from the Late Jurassic Solnhofen in Germany. This discovery extends the distribution of the family Pterodactylidae from Europe and Africa to Asia and its latest occurrence from the Late Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous. The discovery of Haopterus gracilis provides further evidence for the study of the originand radiation of the Jehol Biota; it also sheds new light on the evolution and

关键词： western Liaoning Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation Pterodactylidae.

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Vilnius Photometry and Reddening of the Young Open Cluster NGC 6913

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chinese Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2001年第4期1卷 333-343页

作者： Jun-Jie Wang and Jing-Yao Hu (national Astronomical Observatories, chinese {2. of {3., beijing 100012.beijing Astronomical Observatory, chinese {2. of {3., beijing 100012.chinese {2. of {3.-Peking University Joint beijing As chinese academy of {2.-Peking University Joint {3. Astrophysical center Beijing 100871

stars in the NGC 6913.field with both UBV and Vilnius photometry are selected to be the sample. The membership probability of the stars is greater than 50%. The correlation among Vilnius photometry, UBV photometry and reddening in the cluster is reviewed. It is found that the photometry in the Vilnius X, Y and Z bands can be used to make rough spectral classification. The values of E(B - V) are well correlated with the Vilnius colors of X - Y, Y - Z, Z - V and V - S in NGC 6913. The ratio of (V - S)/(Y - Z) of the MPCM (Most Possible Cluster Members) is a constant (1.3. -±0.06), and has no effect on the values of E(B - V), (B - V)0 and V0. Comparing with the observational data of all the stars of NGC 6913.region, we propose that the value of (V - S)/(Y - Z) can probably be used to select the preliminary candidates of one open cluster. In addition, 12.variable stars are discovered in the NGC 6913.region, in which star #155 has a variation with an amplitude of 4.2. mag.

关键词： Galaxy: open clusters and associations - ISM: dust extinction

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Prediction method for October 2.03.solar storm

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Science China(Technological sciences) 2006年第5期49卷 629-640页

作者： XIE Yanqiong1, 2. 3. WEI Fengsi1, FENG Xueshang1 & ZHONG Dingkun1, 2.1. State Key Laboratory of Space Weather, center for Space Science and Applied Research, {3. {2. of {3., beijing 100080, China 2. Graduate School, {3. {2. of {3., beijing 10003., China 3. Institute of Meteorology, PLA University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 2.1101, China State Key Laboratory of Space Weather Center for Space Science Applied Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China Graduate School Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China Institute of Meteorology PLA University of Science Technology Nanjing 211101 China

Aiming at two intense shock events on October 2. and 2., 2.03. this paper presents a two-step method, which combines synoptic analysis of space weather ——“observing” and quantitative prediction ——“palpating”, and then uses it to test predictions. In the first step of “observing”, on the basis of observations of the solar source surface magnetic field, interplanetary scintillation (IPS) and ACE spacecraft, we find that the propagation of the shocks is asymmetric relative to the normal direction of their solar sources, and the Earth is located near the direction of the fastest speed and the greatest energy of the shocks. As the two fast ejection shock events, the fast explosion of coronal mass of the extremely high temperature, the strong magnetic field, and the high speed background solar wind are also helpful to their rapid propagation. In the second step of “palpating”, we adopt a new membership function of the fast shock events for the ISF method. The predicted results show that for the onset time of the geomagnetic disturbance, the relative errors between the observational and the predicted results are 1.8% and 6.7%; and for the magnetic disturbance magnitude, the relative errors are 4.1% and 3.1%, re- spectively. Furthermore, the comparison among the predicted results of our two-step method with those of five other prevailing methods shows that the two-step method is advantageous. The results tell us that understanding the physical features of shock propagation thoroughly is of great importance in improving the prediction precision.

关键词： solar storm, interplanetary shock, interplanetary scintillation, two-step method, ISF method.

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Radiometric cross-calibration of the CBERS-02.CCD camera with the TERRA MODIS

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Science China(Technological sciences) 2005年第S2期48卷 44-60页

作者： LI Xiaoying1,2.3. GU Xingfa1,3.4, MIN Xiangjun5, YU Tao1,3. FU Qiaoyan5, ZHANG Yong1,2.3.& LI Xiaowen1,3.1. State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Jointly Sponsored by the Institute of Remote Sensing Applications of chinese {3. of {2. and {3. Normal University, {3. 100101, China 2. Graduate University of chinese {3. of {2., beijing 10003., China 3. The center for {13. Spaceborne Demonstration, {3. 100101, China 4. Institut {13. de la Recherche Agronomique, Climat Sol Environnement, 84914 Avignon, France 5. China center for Resource Satellite Data and Application, {3. 10083., China 1. State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science Jointly Sponsored by the Institute of Remote Sensing Applications of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing Normal University 100101 Beijing China 2. Graduate University of chinese academy of {2. 100039 Beijing China 3. The center for national Spaceborne Demonstration 100101 Beijing China 4. Institut national de la Recherche Agronomique Climat Sol Environnement 84914 Avignon France 5. China center for Resource Satellite Data and Application 100830 Beijing China

For the application of the CCD camera, the most important payload on CBERS-02. the key is to provide long-term stable radiometric calibration coefficients. Although the vicarious calibration had been proved successful, it had its limitations such as test site requirement and unsuitable for historical data. Cross-calibration is one of the alternative methods, but it needs synchro surface spectrum to achieve spectral band matching factors. Our effort is to probe the influences on these factors. Simulations with a lot of surface spectrum showed that the factors changed with the viewing geometry, atmospheric condition and surface targets. However, simulating with the same viewing geometry and atmospheric condition, the spectral band matching factors of the same or similar surface targets’ spectrum acquired from different dates and different places would like to be consistent to each other within 1%―5%. Thus, the synchro measurement data can be substituted by the same or similar target from other source. Based on this method, using the MODIS as the reference, the cross-calibration was performed for CCD camera. The research demonstrated that the traditional method with single calibration site was inappropriate for CCD camera, since the offsets for its four spectral bands were not zeros. With four calibration sites, these offsets were obtained. And the camera was detected to degrade with dates based on four times of cross-calibrations.

关键词： CBERS-02 CCD camera cross-calibration the spectral band matching factors.

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Global analysis theory of climate system and its applications

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chinese Science Bulletin 2003年第10期48卷 1034-1039页

作者： LI Jianping1,2.& CHOU Jifan2.3.1. LASG, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, chinese {3. of {2., {3. 10002., China 2. Department of Atmospheric {2., Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 73.000, China 3. Training center for China Meteorological Administration, {3. 100081, China Department of Atmospheric sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China LASG Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China

The idea and main theoretical results of the global analysis theory of climate system are briefly summarized in this paper. A theorem on the global behavior of climate system is given, i.e. there exists a global attractor in the dynamical equations of climate, any state of climate system will be evolved into the global attractor as time increases, indicating the nonlinear adjustment process of climate system to external forcing. The different effects of external forcing, dissipation and nonlinearity on the long-term behavior of solutions are pointed out, and some main applications of the global analysis theory are also introduced. Especially, three applications, the adjustment and evolution processes of climate, the principle of numerical model design and the optimally numerical integration, are discussed.

关键词：整体分析理论气侯体系应用不定性计算法则气侯科学数字模型

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Nonlinear interactions between gravity waves and background winds

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2007年第6期17卷 639-644页

作者： Liu Xiao1,2.and Xu Jiyao1(1. State Key Laboratory for Space Weather, center for Space Science and Applied Research, chinese {2. of {3., beijing 100080, China 2. Graduate University of chinese {2. of {3., beijing 10003., China) [a]State Key Laboratory for Space Weather Center for Space Science and Applied Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China [b]Graduate University of chinese academy of {2. Beijing China

Using the nonlinear propagating gravity waves (GW) model in the two-dimensional compressible atmosphere and the linear GW theory, the process of GW propagation in different background winds, e.g. the direction of the background wind is opposite to (dead wind) or the same as (tail wind) the direction of the horizontal phase velocity of GW, is studied. The results show that the dead wind prolongs the vertical wavelength and accelerates GW propagation. Therefore, GW propagates up to a higher height becomes instable in a short time and eventually induces an inverse jet flow. Then, the vertical wavelength is becoming short due to the nonlinear interactions between GW and the inverse jet flow. The vertical wavelength and group velocity decrease after GW propagates into the tail wind. The initial instable time is delayed. Although most of GW is trapped in the instable region, some of GW propagates above the instable region. Compared with GW propagation in the tail wind, the nonlinear interactions between GW and the dead wind are also strong. In contrast, the linear GW theory predicts that GW can propagate freely in the dead wind. The vertical wavelength simulated by the nonlinear numerical model is different from that predicted by the linear theory greatly after GW propagates into the dead wind.

关键词： gravity waves background winds vertical group velocity vertical wavelength nonlinear interactions.

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Potential land for plantation of Jatropha curcas as feedstocks for biodiesel in China

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Science China Earth sciences 2010年第1期53卷 120-127页

作者： WU WeiGuang 1,2.3.HUANG JiKun 1,3.& DENG XiangZheng 1,3.1 Institute of Geographic sciences and Natural Resources Research,chinese {2. of sciences,beijing 100101,China 2.Department of Economics and Management,Zhejiang Forestry University,Linan 3.13.0,China 3.center for chinese Agricultural Policy,chinese {2. of sciences,beijing 100101,China 1. Institute of Geographic sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China2. Department of Economics and Management Zhejiang Forestry University Linan 311300 China3. Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China

As a renewable energy,biofuel has attracted great attention in China and the rest of *** with the national food security,China recently has shifted its biofuel development priority from grain-based to non-grain-based biofuels,including forest-based biodiesel,since *** curcas is one of major biodiesel ***,there is rising debate on availability of land for expanding Jatropha curcas *** overall goal of this paper is to evaluate potential land for Jatropha curcas used as feedstock for biodiesel in *** on remote sensing data on land use,data on meteorological,soil and land slope,and suitable environment for Jatropha curcas plantation,this study uses Agro Ecological Zone method and considers social-economic constraints to evaluate potential suitable land for Jatropha curcas plantation in China's major Jatropha curcas production region,Southwest *** results show that while there are some potential lands to expand Jatropha curcas areas,amount of these lands will hardly meet the government's target for Jatropha curcas-based biodiesels development in the *** may need to reconsider its long-term targets on the development of Jatropha curcas-based biodiesels.

关键词： biodiesel Jatropha curcas potential land suitability evaluation Southwest China

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Entropy of three-dimensional BTZ black holes

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中国科学：物理学、力学、天文学英文版 2004年第3期47卷 277-283页

作者： GAO Changjun1,2.& SHEN Yougen1,2.3.4 1.Shanghai Astronomical Observatory,chinese {3. of {2.,Shanghai 2.003.,China(mailing address) 2.{3. Astronomical Observatories,chinese {3. of {2.,beijing 100012.China 3.Institute of Theoretical Physics,chinese {3. of {2.,beijing 100080,China 4.Shanghai United {12. for Astrophysics,Shanghai 2.02.4,China 1. Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences 200030 Shanghai China 2. national Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences 100012 Beijing China 3. Institute of Theoretical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 100080 Beijing China 4. Shanghai United center for Astrophysics 200234 Shanghai China

The entropies of scalar field and neutrino field are calculated in the background of three-dimensional BTZ black hole. Considering statistical physics,we propose not to consider the superraradiant modes for bosons (Fermion fields do not display supperradiance).In fact,the nonsuperradiant modes do contribute exactly the area entropy for both bosons and fermions. The result shows that the neutrino field entropy is 3.2.times the scalar one.

关键词： BTZ black holes, entropy, supperradiant modes.

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