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A study on wildfire impacts on greenhouse gas emissions and regional air quality in South of Orléans,France

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第1期135卷 521-533页

作者： Chaoyang Xue Gisèle Krysztofiak Yangang Ren Min Cai Patrick Mercier Frédéric Le fur Corinne Robin Benoit Grosselin Véronique Daele max RMcGillen Yujing Mu Valéry Catoire Abdelwahid Mellouki Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l’Environnement et de l’Espace(LPC2.) CNRS–UniversitéOrléans–CNES(UMR 7328)Orléans Cedex 245071France Institut de Combustion AérothermiqueRéactivitéEnvironnement(ICARE)CNRSOrléans Cedex 245071France Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China Lig’Air-Association de surveillance de la qualitéde l’air en région Centre-Val de Loire Saint-Cyr-en-Val 45590France Mohammed V University RabatMorocco

Wildfire events are increasing globally which may be partly associated with climate change,resulting in significant adverse impacts on local,regional air quality and global *** September 2.2.,a small wildfire(burned area:36.3 ha)event occurred in Souesmes(Loiret-Cher,Sologne,France),and its plume spread out over 2.0 km on the following day as observed by the MODIS *** on measurements at a suburban site(~50 km northwest of the fire location)in Orléans and backward trajectory analysis,young wildfire plumes were *** increases in gaseous pollutants(CO,CH_(4),N_(2.O,VOCs,etc.)and particles(including black carbon)were found within the wildfire plumes,leading to a reduced air *** factors,defined as EF(X)=ΔX/ΔCO(where,X represents the target species),of various trace gases and black carbon within the young wildfire plumes were determined accordingly and compared with previous *** in the ambient ions(such as ammonium,sulfate,nitrate,chloride,and nitrite in the particle-and gasphase)and aerosol properties(e.g.,aerosol water content,aerosol p H)were also quantified and ***,we estimated the total carbon and climate-related species(e.g.,CO_(2.,CH_(4),N_(2.O,and BC)emissions and compared them with fire emission *** biomass burning emission inventories have uncertainties in estimating small fire burned areas and *** instance,we found that the Global Fire Assimilation System(GFAS)may underestimate emissions(e.g.,CO)of this small wildfire while other inventories(GFED and FINN)showed significant *** that it is the first time to record wildfire plumes in this region,related atmospheric implications are presented and discussed.

关键词： Wildfire Air quality Emission factor Emission inventory VOLTAIRE supersite

CREEP DEFORMATION OF INTERMETALLIC ALLOYS

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 1995年第Z1期8卷 431-440页

作者： Gerhard Sauthoff(max-planck-Institut {2. Eisenforschung GmbH., D-40074 Dusseldorf,germany) max-planck-Institut {2. Eisenforschung GmbH Dusseldorf Germany

Intermetallics for structural applications at high temperatures must show a sufficient high temperature strength which is controlled by creep processes. In the first section the creep behaviour of single-phase intermetallic alloys is overviewed with respect to stress and temperature dependence and effects of composition and microstructure. It is shown in particular that creep deformation is controlled by diffusion. The second section refers to multiphase intermetallic alloys, and both particulate and non-particulate alloys are regarded. Data are presented for single-phase and multiphase alloys based on B2.phases and lesscommon phases and the consequences of diffusion control for alloy design are discussed.

关键词： creep B2.phases NiAl particulate alloys,multiphase alloys

Magnetothermal Analysis of Nanocrystallization of Amorphous and Relaxations of Nanocrystalline Materials

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 1997年第4期13卷 260-264页

作者： Reinhard L■ck(max-planck-Institut {2. Metallforschung, Institut {2. Werkstoffwissechaft,Seestraβe 75,D-70174 Stuttgart, germany) max-planck-Institut für Metallforschung Institut für Werkstoffwissenschaft Seestraße 75 D-70174 Stuttgart Germany

For a few years it has been realized that nanocrystalline phases can be formed during crystallization of amorphous alloys annealed isothermally below the crystallization temperature of usual heating experiments. Data of this transformation monitored by the measurement of magnetic susceptibility are presented. A method using a magnetic balance with electronic stabilisation and combined computer facilities is applied. Constant heating and cooling rates as well as isothermal heat treatments are used. Magnetic measurements are able to detect the onset of the transformation of amorphous NI-P alloys much earlier than was possible with differential scanning calorimetry. The transformation kinetics can be analyzed by means of the Avrami plot based on the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami equation. The kinetics of solid state reactions in the nanostructured material can be investigated similarly. Formation of a Ni-phase in a nanostructured Hf-Ni alloy could be detected in a very early stage, where calorimetric methods are not sensitive. Segregation phenomena could be detected from the experiments even after long time. The sensitivity of the applied method is not dependent on the heating rate as the sensitivity of scanning calorimetry is.

关键词： Ni Figure Magnetothermal Analysis of Nanocrystallization of Amorphous and Relaxations of Nanocrystalline Materials

Effect of excess Y_2._3 addition on the physical properties of melt processed YBCO bulks

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2004年第1期47卷 17-23页

作者： YANG Wanmin1,2.3, ZHOU Lian2. FENG Yong2. ZHANG Pingxiang2. WU Minzhi3 & W. GAWALEK3 1. Department of Physics, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi抋n 710062. China 2. Northwest Institute for Nonferrous Metal Research. Xi抋n 710016, China 3. Institute fur Physikalische Hochtechnologie e.V(IPHT), Jena, germany Correspondence should be addressed to Yang Wanmin (email: wm-yang@***) Received June 2., 2.03 Department of Physics Shaanxi Normal University Xi’an China Northwest Institute for Nonferrous Metal Research Xi’an China Institute fur Physikalische Hochtechnologie e.V (IPHT) Jena Germany

The YBCO superconductors with Y2.3 addition were prepared by a modified melt textured process and the effects of excess Y2.3 addition on the physical properties of melt textured YBCO have been investigated. It is found that the melt temperature of YBCO samples decreases drastically with the increasing Y2.3, and the maximum levitation forces are drastically different for samples with different Y2.3 addition. It is also found that the optimal Y2.3 addition to YBCO is about 10wt%. Considering the microstructure and the starting composition, the results are well discussed and interpreted.

关键词： YBCO superconductor, melt growth, Y2.3 addition, levitation force.

Raman Spectroscopic Study of Silicon Nanopowders

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 1997年第4期13卷 327-332页

作者： S.M.Scholz J.Dutta and H.Hofmann(Lab. de Technologie des Poudres, Departement de Materiaux, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne,1015 Lausanne, Switzerland)H.Hofmeister (max-planck-Institut {2. Mikrostrukturphysik, Weinberg 2. D-0612. Halle, germany) Lab. de Téchnologie Des Poudres Département de Matériaux Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne 1015 Lausanne Switzerland max-planck-Institut Für Mikrostrukturphysik Weinberg 2 D-06120 Halle Germany

Vibrational properties of silicon nanopowders are discussed with reference to Raman spectroscopic measurements. The powders were produced in a low pressure rf plasma from the cluster induced agglomeration of positive ions formed during the dissociation of silane. Influence of thermal treatment and the crystallization phenomena of the powder were studied. Raman spectroscopic measurements reveal size quantization effects for the particles as well as the existence of partially ordered regions in the apparently amorphous primary particles. The crystalline and amorphous volume fraction in the material were calculated from the relative spectraI intensities. The results obtained in these experiments are consistent with the observations from recent high resolution transmission electron microscopy studies of these powders

关键词： HRTEM cm nm Raman Spectroscopic Study of Silicon Nanopowders

Interfacial Electronic Structure of Thin Cu Films Grown on Ar^+-ion Sputter-cleaned α-Al_2._3 Substrates

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2002年第2期18卷 117-120页

作者： Christina Scheu, Min Gao and Manfred Ruhlemax-planck-Institut {2. Metallforschung, Seestr. 92. 70174 Stuttgart, germany [ Manuscript received October 17, 2.01] max-planck-Inst. für Metall. Seestr. 92 70174 Stuttgart Germany

The bonding and electronic structure of Cu/(0001)Al2.3 and Cu/(112.)Al2.3 interfaces has been studied experimentally using spatially-resolved transmission electron energy loss spectroscopy. The specimen were prepared by depositing Cu on single-crystal α-AI2.3 substrates, which have been Ar+-ion sputter-cleaned prior to the growth of Cu. For both orientations of the α-Al2.3 substrate, atomically abrupt interfaces formed as determined by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The investigations of the interfacial Cu-L2.3, Al-L2.3 and 0-K energy loss near-edge structures, which are proportional to the site- and angular-momentum-projected unoccupied density of states above the Fermi level, indicate the existence of metallic Cu-AI bonds at the Cu/AI2.3 interface independent of the substrate orientation.

关键词： Electronic structure Cu film Ion sputtering α-Al2.3

High concentration of calcium ions in Golgi apparatus

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Cell Research 1994年第1期4卷 97-108页

作者： XUE SHAOBAI M. RoBERT NICOUD JIE CUI D.J.ARNDT JOVIN(Depariment of Biology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China)(max-planck-Institute {2. Biophysikalische chemie,Gottingen, germany) Department of Biology Beijing Normal University Beijing China max-planck-Institute fSr Biophysikalische {2. GSttingen Germany

The interphase NIH3T3 cells were vitally fluorescentstained with calcium indicator fluo-3 and Glogi probe C6NBD-ceramide, and then the single cells were examined by laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCFM) for subcellular distributions of Ca2. and the location of Golgi apparatus. In these cells, the intracellular Ca2. were found to be highly concentrated in the Golgi apparatus. The changes of distribution of cytosolic high Ca2. region and the Golgi apparatus coincided with the cell cycle *** calcium free medium, when the plasma membrane of the cells which had been loaded with fluo-3/AM were permeated by digitonin, the fluorescence of the Golgi region decreased far less than that of the cytosol. Our results indicated that the Glogi lumen retained significantly high concentration of free calcium.

关键词： intracellular free calcium fluo-3/AM Golgi apparatus C6-NBD-ceramide laser scanning confocal microscopy intracellular calcium store

Discovery of eclogite and its geological significance in Qiangtang area, central Tibet

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Science Bulletin 2006年第9期51卷 1095-1100页

作者： LI Cai1, ZHAI Qingguo2. DONG Yongsheng1 & HUANG Xiaopeng11. College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China 2. Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Bei- jing 100037, China College of Earth Sciences Jilin University Changchun China Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing China

Eclogite is first discovered from Qiang- tang area, central Tibet, which occurs as a lens in the high-pressure metamorphic belt comprising glauco- phane-muscovite schist and garnet-muscovite schist, along the south margin of Lungmu Co-Shuanghu Paleo-Tethys suture. A glaucophane 40Ar/39Ar age of 2.0 Ma and a phengite 40Ar/39Ar age of 2.1.9 Ma have been obtained from blueschists associated with eclogite. The rock consists of garnet, omphacite, amphibole, phengite, and rutile, etc, and the jadeite content in omphacite ranges from 32.7% to 38.95%. It is estimated that the temperature of the eclogite is 2.35 GPa. The discovery of Qiangtang ecologite fur- ther supports that there is a suture zone of Indo- Chinese epoch in central Qiangtang area, and is very important for discssing the evolution of the pa- leo-ocean and paleo-plate tectonics in this area.

关键词： Qianghai-Tibet Plateau Qiangtang eclogite tectonics.

Quasi-periodic outflows observed by the X-Ray Telescope onboard Hinode in the boundary of an active region

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2010年第12期10卷 1307-1314页

作者： Li-Jia Guo Hui Tian Jian-Sen He School of Earth and Space Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China guolijia32.@ 163. com max-planck-Institut {2. Sonnensystemforschung 37191 Katlenburg-Lindau Germany

Persistent outflows have recently been detected at the boundaries of some active regions. Although these outflows are suggested to be possible sources of the slow solar wind, the nature of these outflows is poorly understood. Through an analy- sis of an image sequence obtained by the X-Ray Telescope onboard the Hinode spacecraft, we found that quasi-periodic outflows are present in the boundary of an active region. The flows are observed to occur intermittently, often with a period of 5-10 min. The proj ected flow speed can reach more than 2.0 km s^-1, while its distribution peaks around 50 km s^-1. This sporadic high-speed outflow may play an important role in the mass loading process of the slow solar wind. Our results may imply that the outflow of the slow solar wind in the boundary of the active region is intermittent and quasiperiodic in nature.

关键词： solar wind -- Sun: UV radiation -- active region