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FINITE VOLUME METHOD FOR SIMULATION OF VISCOELASTIC FLOW THROUGH A EXPANSION CHANNEL

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2009年第3期21卷 360-365页

作者： FU Chun-quan JIANG Hai-mei YIN Hong-jun SU Yu-chi ZENG Ye-ming key laboratory of Enhanced {2. and gas Recovery of Ministry of Education Daqing Petroleum Institute Daqing 163318 China China National Offshore oil Company Research Center Beijing 100027 China China National Offshore oil Corporation Limited Beijing 100010 China oil Recovery Plant No.1 Daqing Oilfield Corp. Ltd. Daqing 163001 China

A finite volume method for the numerical solution of viscoelastic flows is given. The flow of a differential Upper-Convected Maxwell （UCM） fluid through an abrupt expansion has been chosen as a prototype example. The conservation and constitutive equations are solved using the Finite Volume Method （FVM） in a staggered grid with an upwind scheme for the viscoelastic stresses and a hybrid scheme for the velocities. An enhanced-in-speed pressure-correction algorithm is used and a method for handling the source term in the momentum equations is employed. Improved accuracy is achieved by a special discretization of the boundary conditions. Stable solutions are obtained for higher Weissenberg number （We）, further extending the range of simulations with the FVM. Numerical results show the viscoelasticity of polymer solutions is the main factor influencing the sweeo efficiency.

关键词： Upper-Convected Maxwell (UCM) model finite volume method viscoelasticity sweep efficiency

Risk-opportunity analyses and production peak forecasting on world conventional oil and gas perspectives

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Petroleum Science 2010年第1期7卷 136-146页

作者： Zhang Jian Sun Zandong Zhang Yiwei Sun Youshun Nail Toksoz ~Lab for Integration of Geology and Geophysics China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China State key laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Earth Resources laboratory Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Mass. Ave Cambridge MA 02139 USA

To investigate the situation of conventional oil and gas, this paper examines the global oil and gas discoveries, proved reserves, production, consumption and price. All the influencing factors can be subjected to risk and opportunity analyses, so in the paper, we build upon a risk-opportunity analysis framework, which is a new train of thought. To forecast the peak time of oil and gas production, we used the methods of multi-Hubbert model forecasting and data forecasting. Our results showed that the world oil production will reach a peak between 2.10 and 2.15 and the gas production will reach a peak around 2.30 oil peak is coming and gas peak is on the way. The main purpose of forecasting oil and gas production peak is give people enough time for preparing mitigation and adaptation plans. This means taking decisive action well before the problem is obvious.

关键词： Production reserve risk opportunity forecasting

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准噶尔盆地石南油田油气藏地球化学特征

天然气工业 2004年第12期24卷 24-27,183页

作者：伍新和伊海生王成善成都理工大学沉积地质研究所成都理工大学"油气藏地质及开发工程"国家重点实验室

位于准噶尔盆地腹部的石南油田 ,四面分别与玛湖凹陷、盆 1井西凹陷和石南凹陷相邻 ,其石油地质储量超过 1× 10 8t。石南凹陷二叠系烃源岩有机质成熟度低、类型差、生烃量小 ;盆 1井西凹陷二叠系烃源岩有机质从成熟—过成熟均有分布、... 详细信息

位于准噶尔盆地腹部的石南油田 ,四面分别与玛湖凹陷、盆 1井西凹陷和石南凹陷相邻 ,其石油地质储量超过 1× 10 8t。石南凹陷二叠系烃源岩有机质成熟度低、类型差、生烃量小 ;盆 1井西凹陷二叠系烃源岩有机质从成熟—过成熟均有分布、有机质类型好、生烃量巨大 ,玛湖凹陷烃源岩与盆 1井西凹陷烃源岩石油地质特征相似 ,但因其中生界构造特征而被排除。文章运用有机地球化学方法 ,分析并类比了烃源岩和原油中C2.0 、C2.1、C2.3 三环二萜烷和甾烷等生物标志化合物特征 ,确定 :①石南油田油气主要来源于盆 1井西凹陷二叠系风城组和下乌尔禾组烃源岩 ;②油气运移的通道主要是断层和不整合面 ;

关键词：烃源岩二叠系生烃量地球化学特征准噶尔盆地油气藏有机地球化学油田凹陷两期成藏

Study on the Reaction Mechanism for Carbon Dioxide Reforming of Methane over supported Nickel Catalyst

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2003年第10期14卷 1081-1084页

作者： Ling QIAN, Zi Feng YAN State key laboratory for Heavy {2. Processing, University of Petroleum, Dongying 2.7061 State key laboratory for Heavy {2. Processing University of Petroleum

The adsorption and dissociation of methane and carbon dioxide for reforming on nickel catalyst were extensively investigated by TPSR and TPD experiments. It showed that the decomposition of methane results in the formation of at least three kinds of surface carbon species on supported nickel catalyst, while CO2.adsorbed on the catalyst weakly and only existed in one kind of adsorption state. Then the mechanism of interaction between the species dissociated from CH4 and CO2.during reforming was proposed.

关键词： Adsorption dissociation supported nickel catalyst methane carbon dioxide reforming.

Effects of abnormally high heat stress on petroleum in reservoir——An example from the Tazhong 18 Well in the Tarim Basin

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Science China Earth Sciences 2008年第4期51卷 515-527页

作者： ZHU DongYa1, JIN ZhiJun1, HU WenXuan2.& ZHANG XueFeng3 1 Petroleum Exploration and Production Institute, China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation, beijing 100083, China 2.Department of Earth Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 2.0093, China 3 School of Resource and Information, China University of Petroleum, beijing 102.49, China Petroleum Exploration and Production Institute China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation Beijing China Department of Earth Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing China School of Resource and Information China University of Petroleum Beijing China

An igneous intrusion of 94m thick was discovered intruding into the Silurian sandstone from Tazhong 18 Well. The petroleum previously preserved in the Silurian sandstone reservoir was altered into black carbonaceous bitumen by abnormally high heat stress induced by the igneous intrusion. The reflec-tance of the carbonaceous bitumen reaches as high as 3.54%, indicating that the bitumen had evolved into a high thermal evolution level. Similar to the Silurian samples from the neighboring Tazhong 11, Tazhong 12. Tazhong 45 and Tazhong 47 wells, the distribution of C2., C2. and C2. steranes of the car-bonaceous bitumen is still "V" -shaped and can still be employed as an efficient parameter in oil source correlation. The "V" -shaped distribution indicates that the hydrocarbons from the Tazhong 18 and the neighboring wells were all generated from the Middle-Upper Ordovician hydrocarbon source rocks. However, the oil source correlation parameters associated with and terpanes had been changed greatly by the high heat stress and can no longer be used in oil source correlation. The δ 13C values of the pe-troleum from the neighboring wells are between -32.53‰ and -33.37‰, coincident with those of the Paleozoic marine petroleum in the Tarim Basin. However, the δ 13C values of the carbonaceous bitumen from the Tazhong 18 Well are between -2..18‰ and -2..2.‰, isotopically much heavier than the pe-troleum from the neighboring wells. The content of light hydrocarbons (nC14-nC2.) of the saturated hydrocarbon fraction in the carbonaceous bitumen is extremely higher than the content of heavy hy-drocarbons. The light/heavy hydrocarbon ratios (ΣnC2.-/ΣnC2.+) are between 4.56 and 39.17. In the saturated fraction, the even numbered hydrocarbons are predominant to the odd numbered, and the OEP (Odd to Even Predominance) values are between 0.2. and 0.49. However, the content of light hy-drocarbons in the petroleum from the neighboring wells is relatively low and the content of the even numb

关键词： Tarim Basin igneous intrusive abnormally high heat stress bitumen carbon isotope PAH

Characteristics of helical flow in slim holes and calculation of hydraulics for ultra-deep wells

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Petroleum Science 2010年第2期7卷 226-231页

作者： Fu Jianhong Yang Yun Chen Ping Zhao Jinhai State key laboratory of {2. and gas reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum University ChengduSichuan 610500 China Changqing Engineering Technology Research Institute Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Company Limited Xi＇an Shaanxi710021 China Drilling Technology Research Institute SINOPEC Shengli Oilfield Dongying Shandong 257017 China

Due to the slim hole at the lower part of the ultra-deep and deep wells, the eccentricity and rotation of drill string and drilling fluid properties have great effects on the annular pressure drop. This leads to the fact that conventional computational models for predicting circulating pressure drop are inapplicable to hydraulics design of deep wells. With the adoption of helical flow theory and H-B rheological model, a computational model of velocity and pressure drop of non-Newtonian fluid flow in the eccentric annulus was established for the cases where the drill string rotates. The effects of eccentricity, rotation of the drill string and the dimensions of annulus on pressure drop in the annulus were analyzed. Drilling hydraulics was given for an ultra-deep well. The results show that the annular pressure drop decreases with an increase in eccentricity and rotary speed, and increases with a decrease in annular flow area. There is a great difference between static mud density and equivalent circulating density during deep well drilling.

关键词： Ultra-deep well slim hole annular velocity annular pressure drop hydraulics

CFD simulation of pressure fluctuation characteristics in the gas-solid fluidized bed:Comparisons with experiments

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Petroleum Science 2011年第2期8卷 211-218页

作者： Wang Qingcheng Zhang Kai Gu Hongyan beijing Shenwu Thermal Energy Technology Co. LTD Beijing 102200 China State key laboratory of Heavy {2. Processing China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China National Engineering Lab for Biomass Power Generation Equipment North China Electric Power University Beijing 102206 China Electrical Engineering College Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China

A simple hydrodynamic model based on two-fluid theory, taking into account the effect of discrete particles on both the gas- and solid-phase momentum equations, was used to numerically investigate the pressure fluctuation characteristics in a gas-solid fluidized bed with the aid of CFX 4.4, a commercial CFD software package, by adding user-defined Fortran subroutines. Numerical simulations together with typical experimental measurements show that pressure fluctuations originate above the distributor when a gas pulse is injected into the fluidized bed. The pressure above the bubble gradually increases due to the presence of a rising bubble. When the bubble passes through the bed surface, the pressure near the bed surface gradually decreases to a lower value. Moreover, the pressure signals in the bubbling fluidized beds show obviously periodic characteristics. The major frequency of pressure fluctuations at the same vertical position is affected slightly by the operating gas velocity, and the amplitude of pressure fluctuations is related to both the operating gas velocity and the vertical height. In this study, the influence of the operating gas velocity on the pressure wave propagation velocity can be ignored, and only two peak frequencies in the power spectrum of the pressure fluctuations are observed which are associated with the bubble formation above the distributor and its eruption at the bed surface.

关键词： gas-solid fluidized bed CFD simulation experimental measurements propagation ofpressure fluctuations pressure wave velocity pressure fluctuation frequency

Distribution characteristics and petroleum geological significance of the Silurian asphaltic sandstones in Tarim Basin

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Science China Earth Sciences 2004年第Z2期47卷 199-208页

作者： ZHANG Jun1,2. PANG Xiongqi1,2. LIU Luofu1,2. JIANG Zhenxue1,2.& LIU Yunhong3 1. Basin and reservoir Research Center, University of Petroleum, beijing 102.49, China 2. {2. {2. for Hydrocarbon Accumulation Mechanism of the Ministry of Education, University of Petroleum, beijing 102.49, China 3. Korla Research Institute of Geophysics, Bureau of Geophysics Prospecting, Korla 841000, China Basin and reservoir Research Center University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China key laboratory for Hydrocarbon Accumulation Mechanism of the Ministry of Education University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Korla Research Institute of Geophysics Bureau of Geophysics Prospecting Korla 841000 China

The Tarim Basin is a typical superimposed basin in which there have occurred mul-tiphase adjustment and destruction of the reservoirs. The widely distributed asphaltic sandstones of the Silurian are the very product after destruction of the reservoirs. Studies show that the Silu-rian asphaltic sandstones distributed in both the middle and western parts on the basin are con-trolled chiefly by the Caledonian {2. source area and by the Tazhong, Tabei and Bachu uplifts, whereas the distribution of the asphaltic sandstones on local structural belts is controlled by the reservoirs sedimentary system. Vertically, most of the asphaltic sandstones are under the re-gional caprock of red mudstones and the upper sandstone section of compact lithology. Due to the difference of hydrocarbon destruction in the early stage and the influence of hydrocarbon recharge in the late stage, the asphaltic sandstones and {2.-bearing sandstones in the Tazhong area can be vertically divided into the upper and lower sections and they have an interactive distribution relationship as well. Asphaltic sandstones exist not only in intergranular pores but also inside the grains of sand and between the crevices, proving the destruction of early reser-voirs due to uplifting. The existence of asphaltic sandstones over a large area reveals that the large-scale migration and accumulation and the subsequent destruction of hydrocarbons in the Craton area. The destruction caused a loss of the reserve resources of the Palaeozoic amount-ing to nearly 13.3 billion tons. Asphaltic sandstones formed after the destruction of {2. and gas may serve as an effective caprock which is beneficial to accumulation of hydrocarbons and for-mation of the pool sealed by asphaltic sandstones in the later stage. The destruction of the early Silurian hydrocarbons depends on the stratigraphic burial depth. The deep part under the north-ern slope of Tazhong is an area favorable to search of undestroyed Silurian {2. reservoirs.

关键词： Tarim Basin, asphaltic sandstone, Silurian, hydrocarbon destruction, distribution characteristics, reserve of resources.

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凝析气井压裂生产动态模拟研究

天然气工业 2004年第10期24卷 86-88页

作者：赵金洲胡永全朱炬辉 "油气藏地质与开发"国家重点实验室.西南石油学院西南石油学院

凝析气藏是最复杂、最特殊的一类油藏,生产过程中随着地层压力的下降会引起重烃相间传质、相态变化,使得研究与认识凝析气藏压裂井产能更加复杂化。文章假设储层内烃的流动为等温的达西渗流,且组成油气烃类的各个组分在渗流过程中相间... 详细信息

凝析气藏是最复杂、最特殊的一类油藏,生产过程中随着地层压力的下降会引起重烃相间传质、相态变化,使得研究与认识凝析气藏压裂井产能更加复杂化。文章假设储层内烃的流动为等温的达西渗流,且组成油气烃类的各个组分在渗流过程中相间传质及相态变化是在瞬间完成的;应用物质平衡原理和运动方程建立了总烃和第i组分烃的渗流方程,结合相平衡计算理论、初始条件和定压边界条件,提出了预测压裂后凝析气井生产动态的数学模型;分析了凝析气藏可能存在的不同渗流区域与相应的渗流特征,应用隐式压力显式饱和度(IMPES)方法分别进行有限差分数值计算,给出了压裂后凝析气井凝析液、天然气产量动态,不同时刻地层中的凝析液饱和度分布曲线。由于凝析气藏与常规油气藏的性质差异,其生产动态也明显不同,这为准确进行优化压裂设计提供了计算分析方法。

关键词：凝析气井凝析气藏压裂井凝析液相态生产动态模拟压裂设计计提天然气产量产能