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ANALYSIS OF DRIVING FORCES ON THE CHANGE OF HISTORICAL FARMLAND USE IN SHANDONG PROVINCE DURING THE QING DYNASTY (1644-1911)

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Chinese geographical science 2003年第3期13卷 207-215页

作者： ZHANG Xue-in, GE Quan-heng, ZHENG Jing-un(institute of geographic {2.s and natural resources research, Chinese Academy of {2.s, beijing 100101, P. R. china) institute of geographic {2.s and natural resources research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing P. R. China

How land-cover has been changed by human use over the last 300 years is oneof the five overarching questions guiding the Land-use/Cover Change (LUCC) science/research *** has variety of historical documents providing unique data superiority. So the characteristicsof farmland area in Shandong Province during the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) are summarized firstly: 1)the rising trend of farmland area was striking; 2. farmland area had remarkable fluctuation; 3)farmland area per capita decreased dramatically; 4) wasteland reclamation index increased ***, the driving forces of farmland area change are analyzed. It is concluded that {2. andhuman factors are jointly influential. Among the driving forces, human dimensions are the mainfactors of farmland area change, which direct the general tendency of the changes mentioned *** the {2. factors influence the stability of farmland area as well. Variation of the {2.factors would act as the major contributory factor to farmland area change during years or periodsof abrupt climatic changes, or during the intensive occurring periods of {2. hazards. Besides,the passive aspects of human factors, such as war chaos also influenced the fluctuation of thefarmland area. This research indicates that it is feasible to study the land-use/cover change byChinese historical literatures, which has huge potential to provide a comprehensive picture of thegrowing dominance of human land-use and land-cover patterns that can be used in many global changeresearch projects.

关键词： farmland driving forces shandong province qing dynasty

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Simulating the transfer and fate of hexachlorocyclohexane in recent 50 years in beijing, china

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science china Earth sciences 2005年第12期48卷 2203-2213页

作者： CAO Hongying1, LIANG Tao1 & TAO Shu2.1. institute of geographical {2.s and natural resources research, Chinese Academy of {2.s, beijing 100101, china 2. Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, beijing 100871, china 1. institute of geographical {2.s and natural resources research Chinese Academy of Sciences 100101 Beijing China 2. Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes Peking University 100871 Beijing China

Taking beijing as a study area, a dynamic fugacity model was used to simulate the transfer and fate of technical HCHs according to the physic-chemical properties of the studying environment and HCH isomers. Dynamic changes of the transfer fluxes and concentrations of HCH isomers during 1952.2.03 were simulated and the model results suggest good agreement between the calculated and measured concentrations of HCH isomers. During 1952.1983, the average input and output amount of HCHs through agricultural application and degradation are 130 t and 150 t respectively. The dominant transfer processes of HCHs in the study area are air-soil deposition, soil erosion and soil-air diffusion, transfer fluxes of these processes are 80 t?a?1, 16 t?a?1 and 11 t?a?1, which account for 92. of total transfer fluxes of HCHs isomers. There were approximately 2.3t HCHs in all environmental compartments of the study area during this period and 97% of which existed in soil compartment. Air and water advection became the dominant input sources of HCHs after 1984 when the application of technical HCHs was prohib-ited, concentration of HCHs quickly descended to a quite low level in several years. Total amount of HCHs isomers remaining in the study area environment now is less than 5% that before 1983, and this percentage may descend to 0.5% after 2. years by prediction.

关键词： fugacity model, hexachlorocyclohexane, compartment, transfer flux, fate.

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PLS path model building:A multivariate approach to land price studies-A case study in beijing

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Progress in natural science:Materials International 2009年第11期19卷 1643-1649页

作者： Wenjie Wu~(a,b),Wenzhong Zhang~(a,*) a institute of geographic {2.s and natural resources research,CAS,beijing 100101,china b Graduate University of Chinese Academy of {2.s,beijing 100049,china institute of geographic {2.s and natural resources research CAS Beijing 100101 China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China

Previous studies have revealed that statistical methods can be used to analyze land-leasing parcel ***,the conventional statistical methods used in land analysis have some limitations,especially in cases of limited observational *** this paper,with the help of geographic information system(GIS) techniques,a partial least squares(PLS) path model is applied to study the relationship between residential land prices and various determinants through a case study of beijing in *** a preliminary analysis,four latent variables are selected:accessibility of the workplace center,livability,traffic,and environment *** results show that the observation variables have a strong explanatory power for their corresponding latent variables,and the four latent variables have varying impacts on residential land *** the latent variables,accessibility to the workplace center has the strongest impact on the residential land price.

关键词： Land PLS path model GIS beijing

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Sandy desertification trend in western Northeast china Plain in the past 10 years

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Journal of geographical sciences 2001年第2期11卷 179-186页

作者： LI Bao-lin~1,2. ZHOU Cheng-hu~1 (1. LREIS, institute of geographic {2.s and natural resources research, CAS, beijing 100101, china 2. institute of Remote Sensing Application, CAS, beijing 100101, china) institute of Remote Sensing Application CAS LREIS Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS LREIS Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS

The west sandy land of the Northeast china Plain is located in the eastern huge sandy belt of mid-latitude in Eurasia and the eastern fringe of desertified land with best bio-climatic conditions in china. With rapid economic development, the deterioration of eco-environment has occurred and the desertification becomes very obvious. The first part of this paper studies the regional differences of landscape patterns and explores the regional differences of desertification. The second part aims to reveal the dynamics of desertification in the 1990s by using NOAA/AVHRR data and thematic data in GIS database. This work lays a scientific basis for the rehabilitation and development of the sandy lands.

关键词： west sandy land in Northeast china Plain landscape pattern regional difference remote sensing monitoring dynamic change

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Water resources optimization and eco-environmental protection in Qaidam Basin

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Journal of geographical sciences 2001年第2期11卷 231-238页

作者： FANG Chuang-lin~1, BAO Chao~2.(1. institute of geographic {2.s and natural resources research, CAS, beijing 100101, china 2. Dept. of Geography, Peking University, beijing 100871, china) institute of geographic {2.s and natural resources research CAS Dept. of Geography Peking University

In order to realize sustainable development of the arid area of Northwest china, rational water resources exploitation and optimization are primary prerequisites. Based on the essential principle of sustainable development, this paper puts forward a general idea on water resources optimization and eco-environmental protection in Qaidam Basin, and identifies the competitive multiple targets of water resources optimization. By some qualitative methods such as Input-output Model & AHP Model and some quantitative methods such as System Dynamics Model & Produce Function Model, some standard plans of water resources optimization come into being. According to the Multiple Targets Decision by the Closest Value Model, the best plan of water resources optimization, eco-environmental protection and sustainable development in Qaidam Basin is finally decided.

关键词： water resources optimization Multiple Targets Decision by the Closest Value Model eco-environmental protection Qaidam Basin

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Channel characteristics and formation mechanism of Ganjiang River

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Journal of geographical sciences 2000年第4期10卷 129-134页

作者： CHEN Zhi-qing (institute of geographic {2.s and natural resources research, Chinese Academy of {2.s, beijing 100101, china) 中科院地理科学与资源所北京

Relative straight channel of the middle and upper reaches of Ganjiang has been formed due to thecontraction of mountains and hills being composed of bedrocks on both banks of the river. But however, At the lower reaches, branching channel predominates due to limited contracting force of the river banks as the evolution and development of branching channels are closely related with locations and controle effect of nodal points. There are sufficient water containing less sediments in Ganjiang River where the sharp rise and fall of the flow discharge makes the grain size of the particles rather coars. Gravels mingled with sand dominate the channel bed and components of central bars are also much coarser than those in sandy bed of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

关键词： channel characteristics genetic mechanism comparison with middle and lower Yangtze Ganjiang River

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Regional container transportation system for Northeast Asia economic cooperation in the 2.^(st) century

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Journal of geographical sciences 2000年第4期10卷 59-66页

作者： JIN Feng-jun (institute of geographic {2.s and natural resources research, Chinese Academy of {2.s, beijing 100101, china) 中科院地理科学与资源所北京

In this paper, the roles of infrastructure development and transportation coordination for Northeast Asian economic cooperation are discussed. It would be necessary to establish an efficient transportation network as soon as possible. 'Hub-and-Spoke'transportation system and china-Korean peninsula railway container transportation system might be more significant for regional economic cooperation.

关键词： infrastructure economic cooperation transportation organization Hub-and-Spoke system high-speed transport

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Straight river: its formation and speciality

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Journal of geographical sciences 2002年第1期12卷 72-80页

作者： WANG Sui-ji1, NI Jin-ren2.(1. institute of geographic {2.s and natural resources research, CAS, beijing 100101, china 2. Center for Environmental {2., Peking University, beijing 100871, china) institute of geographic {2.s and natural resources research CAS 北京 100101 Center for Environmental science Peking University 北京 100871

Straight river is generally regarded as one of the typical river patterns in conventional classifications in terms of their channel plain landforms. However, very few straight patterns were found to be distributed in wider spatial and temporal spans in the self-adjusted fluvial rivers. Thus, the questions occur such as that is it possible for a channel takes on a stable straight pattern? What are the main factors controlling the processes of the river pattern formation and transformation from a straight to other patterns? Various theories and hypotheses including geomorphic threshold hypothesis, the extreme hypothesis on energy dissipation rate, the stability theory, etc. have been developed to explain the aforementioned questions, but none of them is sound for the explanation to the straight-river formation. From the modern fluvial plain patterns, the straight patterns are not as stable as other typical patterns which occurred in nature; from the historic records of the river sedimentation, no apparent evidence was found to support the stable straight river evolution. Based on the analysis of existing theories, observations, evolvement processes of the channel patterns in the experimental results, this paper concluded that the straight pattern should not be included as one of the typical patterns that are self-formed and developed. This study is of importance to understanding of the river pattern formation and transformation.

关键词： straight river formation cause evolvement sedimentation

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Monitoring Dynamic Change of Land Cover Based on SVM and Satellite Images in Hanoi,Vietnam

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Wuhan University Journal of natural sciences 2010年第4期15卷 355-362页

作者： ZHAO Jinling1,2. LIU Chuang1, 3 1. institute of geographic {2.s and natural resources research, Chinese Academy of {2.s, beijing 100101, china 2. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of {2.s, beijing 100049, china 3. College of resources {2. and Technology, beijing Normal University, beijing 100875, china institute of geographic {2.s and natural resources research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing China College of resources science and Technology Beijing Normal University Beijing China

An integral method,combining support vector ma-chine (SVM) with remote-sensing analysis techniques,was ex-plored to monitor Hanoi’s dynamic change of land cover. The landsat thematic mapper (TM) image in 1993,the enhanced the-matic mapper plus (ETM+) image in 2.00,and the image with the charge-coupled device camera (CCD) on the china-Brazil earth resources satellite (CBERS) in 2.08 were used. Six land-cover types,including built-up areas,woodland,cropland,sand,water body and unused land,were identified. The detected results showed visually the rapid urban expansion as well as land-cover change of Hanoi from 1993 to 2.08. There were 12.637.54 hm2.cropland de-creased between 1993 and 2.00,and 8 2.7.6 hm2.cropland de-creased between 2.00 and 2.08. Compared with cropland,wood-land firstly decreased and then increased,and the other types did not change significantly. The results indicate that CBERS dataset has the application potential in world resources researches.

关键词： land cover the china-Brazil earth resources satellite (CBERS) support vector machine (SVM) change detection

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Reconstruction of precipitation variation from tree rings in recent 1000 years in Delingha, Qinghai

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science china Earth sciences 2005年第7期48卷 939-949页

作者： SHAO Xuemei1, HUANG Lei1, LIU Hongbin2. LIANG Eryuan1, FANG Xiuqi3 & WANG Lili1 1. institute of geographic {2.s and natural resources research, Chinese Academy of {2.s, beijing 100101, china 2. National Climate Center, beijing 100081, china 3. beijing Normal University, beijing 100875, china institute of geographic {2.s Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China National Climate Center Beijing 100081 China beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China

Using seven well-replicated Qilian juniper (Sabina przewalskii Kom.) ring-width chronologies developed at Zongwulong and Shalike Mts. in the northeastern part of the Qaidam Basin annual precipitation from previous July to current June in the recent 1000 years was re- constructed for Delingha. The reconstruction can capture 63.1% of precipitation variance and the equation was stable over time. For the reconstructed precipitation, wet periods occurred in AD152.—1633 and 1933—2.01, whereas dry intervals in 142.—1519 and 1634—1741. In ad- dition, the magnitude in precipitation variation was lower before 1430 with about 15 mm, but it increased to 30 mm during the period of 1430 to 1850. After 1850, the precipitation variance de- creased again. In contrast to the increase in temperature, a decrease in annual precipitation was evident since the 1990s. The agreement in low-frequency variation between the reconstruction and the glacier accumulation and particulate content in Dunde ice cores during the recent several hundred years suggested that the precipitation reconstructed in this study was rather reliable, and represented a regional signal. This 1000-year reconstruction could benefit our understanding of climatic variation in decadal to century-scale in this region, and provide basic data to climate models and to prediction of future climate in the 2.st century.

关键词： northeastern part of the Qaidam Basin tree-ring width series of Qilian juniper precipitation reconstruction in 1000 years.

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