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Relationships between tree-ring width index and NDVI of grassland in Delingha

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2006年第9期51卷 1106-1114页

作者： HE Jicheng1,3.& SHAO Xuemei1,2.. institute of geographical {2. and {3. resources research, Chinese academy of {2., beijing 100101, China 2. institute of Tibetan Plateau research, Chinese academy of {2., beijing 100085, China 3. Graduate School of Chinese academy of {2., beijing 10003., China institute of geographical {2. and {3. resources research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Graduate School of Chinese academy of sciences Beijing China institute of Tibetan Plateau research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Using five well-replicated Qilian juniper (Sabina przewalskii Kom.) tree-ring width index se- ries, monthly normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of grassland, and climatic data from 1982.to 2.01, the relationships between tree-ring width index, NDVI of grassland, and climatic data were analyzed firstly. Then, the relationship between tree-ring width index and NDVI of grassland was explored. The re- sults showed that: (1) Temperature and precipitation in June influenced tree-ring width index and NDVI of grassland deeply in Delingha. (2. There were sig- nificant relationships between five tree-ring width index series (DLH1-DLH5) and monthly NDVI of grassland from June to September, with the most significant relationship being between tree-ring width index series and NDVI of grassland in August. (3. The PC1 (the first principal component derived from DLH1-DLH5 series) exhibited good agreement with monthly NDVI of grassland in the grass growth sea- son (from June to September) and the averaged NDVI in the growth season, which was attributed to their common responses to water-supply limit in Delingha. This study may allow an increase in studying the past dynamics of grassland in Delingha in that the variation of grassland NDVI during the last millennium has been reconstructed from PC1.

关键词：圆柏祁连山 NDVI 草原年轮宽度指数

Simulating the impacts of climate variation and land-cover changes on basin hydrology: A case study of the Suomo basin

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Science China Earth sciences 2005年第9期48卷 1501-1509页

作者： CHEN Junfeng1,2. LI Xiubin2.& ZHANG Ming2.1. {3. of Remote Sensing & GIS, Peking University, beijing 100871, China {2., Chinese {3. of sciences, beijing 100101, China 1. institute of Remote Sensing & GIS Peking University 100871 Beijing China 2. institute of geographical sciences and natural resources research Chinese Academy of Sciences 100101 Beijing Chin

Impacts of land cover changes on watershed hydrology have been a long-term academic concern with acute dispute. But little attention has been paid to such effects on mesoscale river basins, where the society has a closer link to river hydrology. The present study focuses on a mesoscale river basin, the Suomo Basin that is located on the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. Land covers in the basin in the years 1970, 1986 and 1999 were mapped. A lumped hydrologic model, CHARM, and a distributed hydrologic model, SWAT, were used to model the impacts of both land-cover change and climate variation on river runoff during the past four decades. The results show that the contribution of climate variation to the change of runoff regime makes up 60%―80%, while that of land cover changes only 2.%.

关键词： climate variation, land-cover changes, Suomo Basin, CHARM model, SWAT model.

Effective solutions to a global 3. visual system in networking environments

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Science China Earth sciences 2005年第11期48卷 2032-2039页

作者： ZHANG Liqiang1,2. ZHANG Yan3. YANG Chongjun2. LIU Suhong1, REN Yingchao2. RUI Xiaoping2.& LIU Donglin2.1. State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing sciences, School of Geography and Remote Sensing, beijing Normal University, beijing 100875, China 2. State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing sciences, institute of Remote Sensing Applications, Chinese academy of sciences, beijing 101001, China 3. institute of geographical sciences and natural {12. research, Chinese academy of sciences, beijing 101001, China 1. State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing sciences School of Geography and Remote Sensing Beijing Normal University 100875 Beijing China 2. Chinese academy of sciences State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing SciencesInstitute of Remote Sensing Applications 101001 Beijing China 3. institute of geographical {2. and {3. resources research Chinese Academy of Sciences 101001 Beijing China

The development of Web-based global 3. visual system has made progresses. However, there exist few mature and effective ways for managing, transmitting and visualizing massive spatial data. Based on the related work, the paper illustrates the ellipsoidal quadtree technique for rapid access multi-scale and multiple level geographical data, integrates the streaming with level-of-detail rendering method for transmitting the data on the network, and im-plements large-scale terrain surface simplification using M-band wavelet transforms and mul-tiresolution triangulations. We fulfil a web-based global terrain visual system using COM com-ponents on the basis of the above techniques. The system has a good prospect in the military simulation and city plans.

关键词： massive spatial data, streaming transmission, system architecture, M-band wavelet

Relationship between Environmental Pollution of Coal Mine and Spectral Characteristics of Nearby Plants

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Journal of University of Science and Technology beijing 2001年第1期8卷 10-14页

作者： Liqing Lei institute of Geographic sciences and {2. {3. research, Chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100101, China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res Beijing 100101 Peoples R China

Remote sensing technology, as the most advanced method for collecting data, along with the common ways often used in the past on research of environmental science, was integrated to study the relationship between environmental pollution of coal mine and spectral characteristics of nearby plants. With compositive index and mean reflectivity at near infrared, a regression equation was established, and a conclusion was made that spectral reflectivity can be used to distinguish regions with different pollution degree. Through testing with real status of the research region, it is verified that this kind of integration and conclusion not only are helpful for human being in controlling the movement law of pollutants and the corresponding change of coal mine environmental quality but also bring a new way for the research of environment problems of coal mine.

关键词： remote sensing spectral characteristics reflectivity pollution index compositive index atmospheric pollution

geographical Agglomeration of Chinese Manufacturing Industries

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中国人口·资源与环境：英文版 2007年第2期5卷 3-11页

作者： Zhang Hua 1, 2. Zheng Wei3.1. institute of geographical {2. and {3. resources research, Chinese academy of {2., beijing 100101, China 2. Graduate School of the Chinese academy of {2., {13. 10003., China 3. School of Geography, {13. Normal University, {13. 100875, China institute of geographical {2. and {3. resources research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Graduate School of the Chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100039 China School of Geography Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China

Based on the plant level data from the First National Census of Basic Units, the Second National Census of Basic Units, and the First National Economic Census of China, this paper ex- amines the geographical agglomeration of Chinese manufacturing industries at a more disaggregated level both by industrial classi-fication and spatial unit analysis. Applying the agglomeration index proposed by Maurel and Sedillot, studies show that the most agglomerated industries are resource-intensive, and capital and technology intensive while industries demanding localized inputs or serving localized markets or favored by local governments are fairly dispersed. The more disaggregated industries are more spa- tially agglomerated. At the finer spatial scale, industries are more dispersed. Results indicate that within-county spillovers are stronger than nearby-county spillovers, and within-prefecture spillovers are stronger than nearby prefecture spillovers. Local- ized spillovers are still quite substantial at a range beyond that of counties. Comparing the agglomeration index of Chinese manu- facturing industries in 1996, 2.01 and 2.04, agglomeration seems to be a general tendency. Results also indicate that some industries have experienced remarkable changes in their levels of agglom- eration in the period 1996–2.04.

关键词： industrial agglomeration manufacturing industries the MS index

Simulating the transfer and fate of hexachlorocyclohexane in recent 50 years in beijing, China

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Science China Earth sciences 2005年第12期48卷 2203-2213页

作者： CAO Hongying1, LIANG Tao1 & TAO Shu2.1. institute of geographical {2. and {3. resources research, Chinese academy of {2., beijing 100101, China 2. Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, beijing 100871, China 1. institute of geographical {2. and {3. resources research Chinese Academy of Sciences 100101 Beijing China 2. Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes Peking University 100871 Beijing China

Taking beijing as a study area, a dynamic fugacity model was used to simulate the transfer and fate of technical HCHs according to the physic-chemical properties of the studying environment and HCH isomers. Dynamic changes of the transfer fluxes and concentrations of HCH isomers during 1952.2.03.were simulated and the model results suggest good agreement between the calculated and measured concentrations of HCH isomers. During 1952.1983. the average input and output amount of HCHs through agricultural application and degradation are 13. t and 150 t respectively. The dominant transfer processes of HCHs in the study area are air-soil deposition, soil erosion and soil-air diffusion, transfer fluxes of these processes are 80 t?a?1, 16 t?a?1 and 11 t?a?1, which account for 92. of total transfer fluxes of HCHs isomers. There were approximately 2.3. HCHs in all environmental compartments of the study area during this period and 97% of which existed in soil compartment. Air and water advection became the dominant input sources of HCHs after 1984 when the application of technical HCHs was prohib-ited, concentration of HCHs quickly descended to a quite low level in several years. Total amount of HCHs isomers remaining in the study area environment now is less than 5% that before 1983. and this percentage may descend to 0.5% after 2. years by prediction.

关键词： fugacity model, hexachlorocyclohexane, compartment, transfer flux, fate.

N_2. emissions from agricultural soils in the North China Plain: the effect of chemical nitrogen fertilizer and organic manure

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2000年第4期12卷 463-468页

作者： DONG Yun\|she 1,2.3., Dieter Scharffe 2. Manfred Domroes 3. QI Yu chun 1, ZHANG Shen 1 (1. institute of Geographic {3. and {2. {3. research, Chinese academy of {3., beijing 100101, China E\|mail: dongys@*** 2. M 中科院地理科学与资源所北京 1 0 0 1 0 Max- Planck-institute of Chemistry 德国 Mainz 550 2 0 Mainz University 德国 Mainz 550 99

An enclosed chamber technique was used to measure N 2. emissions from intensively agricultural soils of the North China Plain during the periods of 1995—1996 and 1997—1998, to reflect distinct components of winter wheat and summer maize growing seasons. The results showed that the continuous application of fertilizer in agricultural soils increased N\-2. emissions by a factor of 2..1—2..1, the calculated annual chemical N fertilizer\|transformed N\-2.\|N emissions was 0.67%. Our results indicated that the application of organic manure also had a significant influence on soil N 2. emissions, which combined with the use of chemical N increased about 2.% in a year. It was calculated that there were about 0.11% N of organic manure transformed as N 2. N. Annual mean N 2. emission from our study area of fertilized soils was estimated to be 57.1 μgN 2./(m 2.h). A weak correlation was also found between N 2. emissions and soil available nitrogen content NH + 4.

关键词： N_2. emissions the North China Plain agricultural soils chemical nitrogen organic manure

Floating Population Increase and Its Influence on the Urban Population Situation:A Case Study in beijing

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Chinese Journal of Population,resources and Environment 2005年第1期3卷 27-35页

作者： Wu Peilin 1,2.& Lu Qi 2.1. Shandong University of Technology, Zibo Shandong 2.5049, China {3., Chinese academy of {2.,{3., China Shandong University of Technology Zibo Shandong 255049 China institute of geographical {2. and {3. resources research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China

Floating population is a special population group in China resulting from the implementation of household registration system. This paper uses a set of floating population survey data, population censuses data and statistical data to analyze the increase and influence of floating population on the urban population situations in beijing. It is found that beijing has experienced a rapid increase of floating population since the 1990s and that the increase of this group has become the key factor of the current population expansion in the city. Its distribution in the urban regions intensified and extended the suburbanization process of the capital. In addition, the population structures of sex, age, education and employment in beijing have changed to some extent due to the influx of floating population.

关键词： Floating population Household registration system (Hukou) Population expansion Suburbanization Population structure beijing

Aridity/humidity status of land surface in China during the last three decades

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Science China Earth sciences 2005年第9期48卷 1510-1518页

作者： WU Shaohong1, YIN Yunhe1,2. ZHENG Du1 & YANG Qinye1 1. institute of geographical {2. and {3. resources research, Chinese academy of {2. (CAS), beijing 100101, China 2. Graduate School of the CAS, beijing 10003., China 1. institute of geographical {2. and {3. resources research Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) 100101 Beijing China 2. Graduate School of the CAS 100039 Beijing China

To clarify aridity/humidity status of land surface is helpful for studying environmental background and regional differences, seeking causes of environmental change, and providing a scientific basis for researches on climate change in the future. In this paper, the authors calcu- lated potential evapotranspiration of China using data from 616 meteorological stations during the period of 1971―2.00 with the Penman-Monteith model recommanded by FAO in 1998. Vy- sothkii’s model was used to calculate aridity/humidity index. Then the calculated results of sta- tions were interpolated to land surface using ArcGIS. Results show that the annual average po- tential evapotranspiration is 400―1500 mm in the whole country, 600―800 mm in most parts of it; and 3.0―1400 mm in growing season (April―Octobor), which is nearly 2.0 mm less than the annual average. According to the aridity/humidity indexes of 1.0, 1.5 and 4.0, the aridity/humidity status is categorized to four types, namely, humid, subhumid, semiarid and arid. A majority of stations (76%) are more humid in growing season than the annual average. Results of com- prisons between the distribution map of aridity/humidity index with that of precipitation and vegetation indicate a good consistence of aridity/humidity status with {3. environment. Therefore potential evapotranspiration calculated with modified FAO’s Penman-Monteith model in combination with aridity/humidity index that considers water balance can more reasonably explain the actual land surface aridity/humidity status of China.

关键词： potential evapotranspiration, aridity/humidity status, land surface, regional differences, Penman-Monteith.