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Size-resolved effective density of submicron particles during summertime in the rural atmosphere of Beijing, china

Journal of Environmental sciences 2018年第11期30卷 69-77页

作者： Kai Qiao Zhijun Wu Xiangyu Pei Qianyun Liu Dongjie Shang jing Zheng Zhuofei Du Wenfei Zhu Yusheng Wu Shengrong Lou Song Guo Chak K.Chan Ravi Kant Pathak Mattias Hallquist Min Hu State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China atmospheric science Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology University of Gothenburg Gothenburg 412 96 Sweden Division of Environment and Sustainability Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China Shanghai Academy of Environmental sciences Shanghai 200233 China School of Energy and Environment City University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Hong Kong China

Particle density is an important physical property of atmospheric particles. The information on high time-resolution size-resolved particle density is essential for understanding the atmospheric physical and chemical aging processes of aerosols particles. In the present study, a centrifugal particle mass analyzer （CPMA） combined with a differential mobility analyzer （DMA） was deployed to determine the size-resolved effective density of 50 to 350 nm particles at a rural site of Beijing during summer 2.16. The measured particle effective densities decreased with increasing particle sizes and ranged from 1.43 to 1.55 g/cm3, on average. The effective particle density distributions were dominated by a mode peaked at around 1.5 g/cm3 for 50 to 350 nm particles. Extra modes with peaks at 1.0, 0.8, and 0.6 g/cm3 for 150, 2.0, and 350 nm particles, which might be freshly emitted soot particles, were observed during intensive primary emissions episodes. The particle effective densities showed a diurnal variation pattern, with higher values during daytime. A case study showed that the effective density of Aitken mode particles during the new particle formation （NPF） event decreased considerably, indicating the significant contribution of organics to new particle growth.

关键词： Effective density atmospheric aerosol Centrifugal particle mass analyzer Rural site New particle formation

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Impacts of Increasing Model Resolutions and Shortening Forecast Lead Times on QPFs in South china During the Rainy Season

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热带气象学报:英文版 2023年第3期29卷 277-300页

作者：张旭斌李静珊罗亚丽宝兴华陈靖扬肖辉文秋实 Guangzhou institute of Tropical and Marine meteorology/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Numerical Weather Prediction CMAGuangzhou 510641 China Guangdong Ecological meteorology Centre(Pearl River Delta Center for Environmental meteorology Prediction and Warning) Guangzhou 510640 China Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters&School of atmospheric sciences Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044 China Fujian Key Laboratory of Severe Weather&Key Laboratory of Straits Severe Weather CMAFuzhou 350007 China State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081 China Guangzhou institute of Tropical and Marine meteorology CMAGuangzhou 510641 China

This study investigated the impacts of increasing model resolutions and shortening forecast lead times on the quantitative precipitation forecast(QPF)for heavy-rainfall events over south china during the rainy seasons in *** control experiment,where the analysis-forecast cycles run with model resolutions of about 3 km,was compared to a lower-resolution experiment with model resolutions of about 9 km,and a longer-term experiment activated 12.hours *** forecasting in the presummer rainy season was significantly improved by improving model resolutions,with more improvements in cases with stronger synoptic-scale *** is partially attributed to the improved initial conditions(ICs)and subsequent forecasts for low-level jets(LLJs).Forecasts of heavy rainfall induced by landfalling tropical cyclones(TCs)benefited from increasing model resolutions in the first 6 *** improvements in rainfall due to shortening forecast lead times were more significant at earlier(1-6 h)and later(7-12.h)lead times for cases with stronger and weaker synoptic-scale forcings,respectively,due to the area-and case-dependent improvements in ICs for nonprecipitation ***,significant improvements mainly presented over the northern South china Sea for low-level onshore wind of weak-forcing cases but over south china for LLJs of strong-forcing cases during the presummer rainy season,and over south china for all the nonprecipitation variables above the surface during the TC ***,some disadvantages of higher-resolution and shorter-term forecasts in QPFs highlight the importance of developing ensemble forecasting with proper IC perturbations,which include the complementary advantages of lower-resolution and longer-term forecasts.

关键词： south china QPF model resolution forecast lead time

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Hybrid N-order Lagrangian Interpolation Eulerian-Lagrangian Method for Salinity Calculation

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china Ocean Engineering 2016年第2期30卷 283-295页

作者：吴炎成朱首贤周林游小宝张文静 institute of meteorology and Oceanography PLA University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 211101China College of Oceanography Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China china Satellite Marine Tracking and Control department Jiangyin 214431China institute of atmospheric Environment PLA General StaffBeijing 100029China

The Eulerian？Lagrangian method（ELM） has been used by many ocean models as the solution of the advection equation,but the numerical error caused by interpolation imposes restriction on its *** the present study,hybrid N-order Lagrangian interpolation ELM（Li ELM） is put forward in which the N-order Lagrangian interpolation is used at first,then the lower order Lagrangian interpolation is applied in the points where the interpolation results are abnormally higher or *** calculation results of a step-shaped salinity advection model are analyzed,which show that higher order（N=3？8） Li ELM can reduce the mean numerical error of salinity calculation,but the numerical oscillation error is still *** number order Li ELM makes larger numerical oscillation error than its adjacent odd number order Li *** N-order Li ELM can remove numerical oscillation,and it significantly reduces the mean numerical error when N is even and the current is in fixed direction,while it makes less effect on mean numerical error when N is odd or the current direction changes *** odd number order Li ELM makes less mean numerical error than its adjacent even number order Li ELM when the current is in the fixed direction,while the mean numerical error decreases as N increases when the current direction changes periodically,so odd number of N may be better for *** various types of Hybrid N-order Li ELM,the scheme reducing N-order directly to 1st-order may be the optimal for synthetic selection of accuracy and computational efficiency.

关键词： Eulerian?Lagrangian method Hybrid N-order Lagrangian interpolation numerical oscillation salinity calculation

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干旱形成机制与预测理论方法及其灾害风险特征研究进展与展望

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气象学报 2024年第1期82卷 1-21页

作者：张强李栋梁姚玉璧王芝兰王莺王静王劲松王素萍岳平王慧韩兰英司东李清泉曾刚王欢中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所/甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室/中国气象局干旱气候变化与减灾重点开放实验室兰州730020 甘肃省气象局兰州730020 南京信息工程大学大气科学学院南京210044 兰州资源环境职业技术大学气象学院兰州730021 兰州区域气候中心兰州730020 中国科学院大气物理研究所北京100029 国家气候中心北京100081 四川师范大学地理与资源科学学院成都610066

在全球变暖背景下,干旱事件发生的频率和强度不断增大、影响不断加重,干旱发生规律的异常性和机制的复杂性也更为突出,对干旱形成机制、预测理论方法及灾害风险变化规律等方面都提出了新的挑战,也制约了当前干旱预测、预警及其灾害防控... 详细信息

在全球变暖背景下,干旱事件发生的频率和强度不断增大、影响不断加重,干旱发生规律的异常性和机制的复杂性也更为突出,对干旱形成机制、预测理论方法及灾害风险变化规律等方面都提出了新的挑战,也制约了当前干旱预测、预警及其灾害防控能力的提高。近年来,在国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)课题等多个国家级项目支持下,已在干旱灾害形成机制与预测理论方法及其风险特征方面取得了一系列新成果。通过动力诊断、数值模拟和田间试验等方法,开展了干旱形成的多因子协同作用和多尺度叠加机制、干旱致灾过程的逐阶递进特征,以及干旱灾害风险分布演化的主控因素等方面的研究。对如下几方面的新进展进行了系统总结归纳:(1)厘清了全球变暖背景下青藏高原热力、海温、夏季风、遥相关等多因子对干旱形成的作用机制。(2.发现了降水亏缺时间尺度和农作物不同生长阶段的干旱敏感性规律。(3)揭示了变暖背景下典型区域干旱灾害风险分布及其变异的新特征;构建了干旱灾害风险新概念模型。(4)研发了东亚季风区的季节和次季节干旱集成预测系统。在总结归纳已取得研究成果的基础上,对未来干旱形成机制及其灾害风险科学研究进行了展望,提出了5个重点研究方向:(1)多因子联动及其多尺度叠加效应对干旱形成的影响;(2.系统整合人类活动和决策以及相关反馈的气候模式研究;(3)揭示陆-气耦合和大气环流协同作用对干旱的影响;(4)认识干旱灾害对粮食安全和生态安全影响的关键过程;(5)提高不同气候情景下干旱预估的准确度。

关键词：干旱灾害形成机制预测理论风险特征协同作用

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青藏高原夏季云水含量及其水汽输送年际异常分析

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高原气象 2019年第3期38卷 449-459页

作者：刘菊菊游庆龙王楠南京信息工程大学气象灾害教育部重点实验室/气候与环境变化国际合作联合实验室/气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心江苏南京210044 复旦大学大气与海洋科学系/大气科学研究院上海200438

利用欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)提供的1979-2.16年ERA-Interim再分析资料分析了青藏高原(下称高原)夏季云水含量及其水汽输送情况。结果表明:高原夏季云水含量占全年48%,东南向西北减少。影响高原云水含量的水汽通道有印度洋通道、南... 详细信息

利用欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)提供的1979-2.16年ERA-Interim再分析资料分析了青藏高原(下称高原)夏季云水含量及其水汽输送情况。结果表明:高原夏季云水含量占全年48%,东南向西北减少。影响高原云水含量的水汽通道有印度洋通道、南海通道、孟加拉湾北部及伊朗西部通道(依次简称通道1、2.3、4)。高原云水含量和各水汽通道强度均有明显年际变化。云水含量年际变化与通道2.4基本一致。云水含量与各水汽通道强度均呈增加趋势。通道1偏强时,来自印度洋北部和南海的异常水汽在孟加拉湾交汇向高原输送,主要使高原西北部云水含量增多。通道2.强时,南海、中南半岛的异常偏南通量及孟加拉湾北部的异常西南通量向高原东南部输送更多水汽。通道3偏强时,西风带水汽和来自印度洋水汽更多输送到高原,主要使高原东北部云水含量偏多。通道4偏强时,来自南海-孟加拉湾南部的水汽向高原异常输送,使高原中部、东南部云水含量偏多。此外,西太平洋副热带高压(下称副高)偏西南偏强时,水汽通道2.4强度偏强,有利于水汽向高原输送。

关键词：青藏高原云水含量水汽输送水汽通道

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基于光谱分析的大气混合层高度测量研究

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光谱学与光谱分析 2018年第12期38卷 3653-3658页

作者：项雅静王珊珊周斌上海市大气颗粒物污染防治重点实验室复旦大学环境科学与工程系上海200438 上海崇明生态研究院上海202151 复旦大学大气科学研究院上海200438

基于地基主动和被动差分光学吸收光谱(DOAS)分析方法,在2.15年5月至2.16年5月期间对上海近地面NO_2.度(cNO_2.及对流层NO_2.垂直柱浓度(NO_2.CD_(trop))进行了观测。主动长光程差分光学吸收光谱系统(long-path DOAS,LP-DOAS)观测得的c... 详细信息

基于地基主动和被动差分光学吸收光谱(DOAS)分析方法,在2.15年5月至2.16年5月期间对上海近地面NO_2.度(cNO_2.及对流层NO_2.垂直柱浓度(NO_2.CD_(trop))进行了观测。主动长光程差分光学吸收光谱系统(long-path DOAS,LP-DOAS)观测得的cNO_2.时均值与上海市全市空气质量cNO_2.时均值呈正相关,相关系数为0. 81。被动多轴差分光学吸收光谱系统(multi-axis DOAS,MAX-DOAS)观测得的NO_2.CD_(trop)与GOME-2.OMI卫星传感器测得的NO_2.CD_(trop)也均呈正相关,相关系数分别为0. 89和0. 88。大气污染物的输送、扩散、稀释和沉降等过程主要发生在边界层中,白天混合层占到边界层的大部分,混合层高度(MLH)以上的自由对流层中污染物浓度较小,混合层内NO_2.近均匀混合时,利用地基主、被动DOAS观测得到的NO_2.据可以快速计算大气混合层高度。计算得的MLH与GDAS气象数据库中的边界层高度(PBLH)明显相关,相关系数达0. 93,二者结果大小均在0. 1～2.km之间。实验观测期间,MLH与PBLH日变化趋势均呈单峰形,MLH高值出现在12.00—15:00,由于PBLH时间分辨率低,最高值出现在14:00,同时二者月均变化趋势一致,2.15年9月和2.16年2.数值较高,2.15年7月和2.16年3月数值较低,另外求得MLH约为PBLH的0. 98±0. 59倍,符合狭义MLH与PBLH的关系。计算得的MLH与同点位激光雷达测得的PBLHLidar也具有较高的相关性,相关系数达0. 75,PBLHLidar略大于MLH,但是二者在早晨5和6时和下午5和6时大小趋于相同,符合大气发展规律。说明该算法具有较高的可行性。

关键词：差分光学吸收光谱技术 NO2 混合层高度光谱分析

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Observation-based sources evolution of non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) in a megacity of china

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2023年第2期124卷 794-805页

作者： Yarong Peng Hongli Wang Qian Wang Shengao jing jingyu An Yaqin Gao Cheng Huang Rusha Yan Haixia Dai Tiantao Cheng Qiang Zhang Meng Li Jianlin Hu Zhihao Shi Li Li Shengrong Lou Shikang Tao Qinyao Hu Jun Lu Changhong Chen department of Environmental science and Engineering Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and PreventionInstitute of Atmospheric SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai 200438China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex Shanghai Academy of Environmental SciencesShanghai 200233China department of atmospheric and Oceanic {2. Institute of Atmospheric SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai 200438China department of Earth System science Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System ModelingTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Big Data institute for Carbon Emission and Environmental Pollution Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China School of Environmental science and Engineering Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China

Both concentrations and emissions of many air pollutants have been decreasing due to implement of control measures in china,in contrast to the fact that an increase in emissions of non-methane hydrocarbons(NMHCs)has been *** study employed seven years continuous NMHCsmeasurements and the related activities data of Shanghai,a megacity in china,to explore evolution of emissions and effectiveness of air pollution control *** mixing ratio of NMHCs showed no statistical interannual changes,of which their compositions exhibited marked *** resulted in a decreasing trend of ozone formation potential by 3.8%/year(p2.10;however,emissions of natural gas(+12.6%/year)and fuel evaporation(with an increasing fraction)became more *** inconsistency between observations and inventories was found in interannual trend and speciation as well as source contributions,emphasizing the need for further validation in NMHCs emission *** study confirms the effectiveness of measures targeting mobile and centralized emissions from industrial sources and reveals a need focusing on fugitive emissions,which provided new insights into future air policies in polluted region.

关键词： Characteristics Source apportionment Observation-based Interannual trend Shanghai

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南京市绿地土壤重金属分布特征及其污染评价

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环境科学 2021年第2期42卷 909-916页

作者：陈佳林李仁英谢晓金王红徐静邵京简静阿克居里·乌尔曼沈嘉央宗南京信息工程大学应用气象学院农业资源与环境系南京210044 南京市园林和林业科学研究院南京210037

为了解南京市主城区绿地土壤中重金属污染现状,分析了南京市主城区绿地表层土壤5种重金属元素(Cr、Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd)的含量状况及其空间分布特征,并利用单因子污染指数法、内梅罗综合指数法及潜在生态风险指数法对重金属的污染程度及其... 详细信息

为了解南京市主城区绿地土壤中重金属污染现状,分析了南京市主城区绿地表层土壤5种重金属元素(Cr、Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd)的含量状况及其空间分布特征,并利用单因子污染指数法、内梅罗综合指数法及潜在生态风险指数法对重金属的污染程度及其潜在生态风险进行了评价.结果表明,南京市主城区绿地土壤中5种重金属元素的平均含量均高于南京市土壤背景值,单因子污染等级依次为Cd>Pb>Cr>Cu>Zn,平均内梅罗综合指数为2.72.土壤呈中度污染水平.土壤重金属元素(Cr、Cu、Zn和Pb)的单项生态风险指数都小于10,具有轻微风险,而Cd的生态风险指数达到了97.32.具有强风险;综合潜在生态风险指数<150,总体属于低生态风险.5种重金属元素在空间上呈斑块状分布,Cr、Cu、Zn和Pb含量高值区域集中在城区东北部的绿地,Cd含量高值区集中在西南部及西北部绿地.通过本研究可知,南京市主城区绿地土壤中Cd的污染较为严重,在城市生活中需引起重视.

关键词：城市绿地分布特征重金属污染内梅罗污染指数(NIPI) 潜在生态风险指数(PERC)

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Strength of the North African monsoon in the Last Interglacial and under future warming

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atmospheric and Oceanic science Letters 2023年第3期16卷 20-26页

作者： Jiazhi He Weiyi Sun jing Wang Bin Wang Jian Liu Key Laboratory for Virtual Geographic Environment Ministry of EducationState Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution of Jiangsu ProvinceJiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and ApplicationSchool of Geography ScienceNanjing Normal UniversityNanjingChina department of atmospheric {2. and AtmosphereOcean Research Center University of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHIUA Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Numerical Simulation of Large Scale Complex Systems School of Mathematical ScienceNanjing Normal UniversityNanjingChina Open Studioforthe Simulationof Ocean-Climate-Isotope Qingdao National Laboratoryfor Marine Science and TechnologyQingdaoChina

与人为强迫引起的全球变暖相比,末次间冰期是轨道强迫引起的过去80万年来最暖的一个间冰期,但鲜有人研究末次间冰期中北非季风的响应.因此,本文基于CMIP6多模式模拟结果对比研究了末次间冰期和SSP5-8.5情景下北非季风的响应,发现末次间... 详细信息

与人为强迫引起的全球变暖相比,末次间冰期是轨道强迫引起的过去80万年来最暖的一个间冰期,但鲜有人研究末次间冰期中北非季风的响应.因此,本文基于CMIP6多模式模拟结果对比研究了末次间冰期和SSP5-8.5情景下北非季风的响应,发现末次间冰期下北非季风平均降水及其降水变率均远大于SSP5-8.5情景下的结果.轨道强迫导致的北大西洋暖于南大西洋增加了北非季风环流和平均降水,同时,南北大西洋海温梯度变化通过增强热带北大西洋的海气相互作用增大了海温梯度和撒哈拉低压的变率,从而增强了北非季风降水变率.

关键词：北非季风降水变率末次间冰期全球变暖

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science and Prediction of Heavy Rainfall over china:Research Progress since the Reform and Opening-Up of New china

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2020年第3期34卷 427-459页

作者： Yali LUO Jisong SUN Ying LI Rudi XIA Yu DU Shuai YANG Yuanchun ZHANG jing CHEN Kan DAI Xueshun SHEN Haoming CHEN Feifan ZHOU Yimin LIU Shenming FU Mengwen WU Tiangui XIAO Yangruixue CHEN Huiqi LI Mingxin LI State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081 Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044 School of atmospheric sciences and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster StudiesSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 519082 Key Laboratory of Cloud–Precipitation Physics and Severe Storms Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029 National Meteorological Center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081 State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for atmospheric sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029 Zhejiang institute of Meteorological sciences Zhejiang Meteorological BureauHangzhou 310008 School of atmospheric sciences Chengdu University of Information TechnologyChengdu 610225 institute of Heavy Rain China Meteorological AdministrationWuhan 43020510 Institute of Tropical and Marine MeteorologyChina Meteorological Administration Guangzhou 510640 Southern Marine science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai) Zhuhai 519082 university of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049 CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Beijing 100101

This paper reviews the major progress on development of the science and prediction of heavy rainfall over china since the beginning of the reform and opening-up of new china(roughly between 1980 and 2.19).The progress of research on the physical mechanisms of heavy rainfall over china is summarized from three perspectives:1)the relevant synoptic weather systems,2.heavy rainfall in major sub-regions of china,and 3)heavy rainfall induced by *** development and application of forecasting techniques for heavy rainfall are summarized in terms of numerical weather prediction techniques and objective forecasting *** aided by the rapid progress in meteorological observing technology and substantial improvement in electronic computing,studies of heavy rainfall in china have advanced to investigating the evolution of heavy-rain-producing storms and observational analysis of the cloud microphysical features.A deeper and more systematic understanding of the synoptic systems of importance to the production of heavy rainfall has also been *** forecast of heavy rainfall in china has changed from subjective weather event forecasts to a combination of both subjective and objective quantitative precipitation forecasts,and is now advancing toward probabilistic quantitative precipitation forecasts with the provision of forecast uncertainty information.

关键词： heavy rainfall reform and opening-up of new china physical mechanisms forecasting techniques

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