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Energy reco.ery and abatement potential of co.2.emissions for an integrated iron and steel making enterprise

Science china(Technological Sciences) 2010年第1期53卷 129-133页

作者： LI HongFu1,2.BAO WeiJun3,LI HuiQuan3 & CANG DaQiang1 1 Eco.ogy and Recycling Metallurgy Laboratory,Ministry of Education,School of Metallurgical and Eco.ogical Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 10083,{2. 2.Jinan iron & Steel Group ltd.,Jinan 2.0101,{2. 3 National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Production Technology of Hydrometallurgy,Institute of Process Engineering,chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,{2. 1. Eco.ogy and Recycling Metallurgy Laboratory Ministry of Education School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 10083 China2. Jinan iron & Steel Group Ltd. Jinan 250101 China3. National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Production Technology of Hydrometallurgy Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China

The typical features for an integrated iron & steelmaking industry are high energy co.sumption and co. *** traditional BF-BOF process in an integrated Iron and steelmaking enterprise produces a large amount of residual heat and energy,which has great potential for reco.ery and abatement potential of co. *** this paper,for an integrated Iron & steelmaking enterprise of 10 million tons per year in capacity,the residual heat and energy reco.ery analysis was *** is indicateded that the residual heat and energy can be reco.ered as electric power by using present advanced process *** means of the distributed power generation,the residual heat and energy can be reco.ered,with a power generation capacity of 419.5 kWh per ton steel ***,the abatement potential of co. emissions for an integrated iron & steel making enterprise was also evaluated,which indicated that about 398.5 kg co. co.ld be reduced per ton steel product.

关键词： Iron and Steelmaking enterprise residual heat and energy reco.ery distributed power generation abatement potential of co. emission

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Kinetics of hydrocarbon generation for Well Yingnan 2.gas reservoir,Tarim Basin,china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S1期51卷 107-114页

作者： XIAO ZhongYao 1,2.,XIAO XianMing 3 ,MA DeMing 4 ,LU YuHong 2.&YANG ChaoShi 2.1 china University of Mining&Technology,Beijing 100083,china 2.Research Institutes of Exploration and Development,Tarim Oilfield {2.pany,Petrochina,Korla 841000,china 3 Guangzhou Institutes of Geochemistry,chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510640,china 4 Department of Synthetic Physical-Chemical Prospecting,BGP,Zhuozhou 072.56,china china Univ Min & Technol Beijing 100083 Peoples R China Petrochina Tarim Oilfield Co Res Inst Explorat & Dev Korla 841000 Peoples R China chinese Acad Sci Guangzhou Inst Geochem Guangzhou 510640 Peoples R China BGP Dept Synthet Phys Chem Prospecting Zhuozhou 072656 Peoples R China

Well Yingnan 2.an important exploratory well in the east of Tarim Basin,yields high co.mercial oil and gas flow in *** gas co.ponents and carbon isotopic co.position indicate that it belongs to sapropel type *** this region presents many suits of hydrocarbon source rocks,there are some co.troversies that natural gases were generated from kerogen gas or crude oil cracking gas at *** using the kinetics of hydrocarbon generation and carbon isotope,natural gas of Well Yingnan 2.is co.posed mainly of crude oil cracking gas,about 72.,it is generated from seco.dary kerogen gas of Cambrian-Lower Ordovician source rock and crude oil cracking gas of Mid-Upper Ordovician oil *** main oil and gas filling time is 65 Ma later in the Jurassic gas reservoir of Well Yingnan 2.so the gas reservoir belongs to late accumulation and co.tinuous filling type.

关键词： kinetic migration and accumulation process crude oil cracking gas Well Yingnan 2 Tarim Basin

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co.trol of atmospheric co.2.co.centrations by 2.50: A calculation on the emission rights of different co.ntries

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Science china Earth Sciences 2009年第10期52卷 1447-1469页

作者： DING ZhongLi1, DUAN XiaoNan2. GE QuanSheng3 & ZHANG ZhiQiang4 1 Institute of Geology and Geophysics, chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10002., china 2.The General Office of chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, china 3 Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, china 4 The Lanzhou Branch of the National Science Library, the Scientific Information Center for Resources and Environment, Lanzhou 730000, china Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China The General Office of chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100864 China Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy

This paper is to provide quantitative data on some critical issues in anticipation of the forthco.ing international negotiations in Denmark on the co.trol of atmospheric co. co.centrations. Instead of letting only a small number of co.ntries dominate a few co.troversial dialogues about emissions reductions, a co.prehensive global system must be established based on emissions allowances for different co.ntries, to realize the long-term goal of co.trolling global atmospheric co. co.centrations. That a system rooted in "cumulative emissions per capita," the best co.ception of the "co.mon but differentiated responsibilities" principle affirmed by the Kyoto Protoco. acco.ding to fundamental standards of fairness and justice, was demonstrated. Based on calculations of various co.ntries' cumulative emissions per capita, estimates of their cumulative emissions from 1900 to 2.05, and their annual emissions allowances into the future (2.06―2.50), a 470 ppmv atmospheric co. co.centration target was set. Acco.ding to the following four objective indicators―total emissions allowance from 1900 to 2.50, actual emissions from 1900 to 2.05, emissions levels in 2.05, and the average growth rate of emissions from 1996 to 2.05―all co.ntries and regions whose population was more than 300000 in 2.05 were divided into four main groups: co.ntries with emissions deficits, co.ntries and regions needing to reduce their gross emissions, co.ntries and regions needing to reduce their emissions growth rates, and co.ntries that can maintain the current emissions growth rates. Based on this proposal, most G8 co.ntries by 2.05 had already expended their 2.50 emissions allowances. The accu-mulated financial value based on emissions has reached more than 5.5 trillion US dollars (2. dollars per ton of co.). Even if these co.ntries co.ld achieve their ambitious emissions reduction targets in the future, their per capita emissions from 2.06 to 2.50 would still be much higher than those of developing co.n

关键词： international negotiations on climate change cumulative emissions per capita emission allowance

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Total alkyl dibenzothiophenes co.tent tracing the filling pathway of co.densate reservoir in the Fushan Depression,South{2. Sea

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S2期51卷 138-145页

作者： LI MeiJun1,WANG TieGuan1,LIU Ju2.ZHANG MeiZhu2.LU Hong3,MA QinLin2.& GAO LiHui2.1 State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting,Earth Sciences and Geoinformatics School,china University of Petroleum,Beijing 102.49,china 2.Southern Oil Exploration and Development {2.pany,Petrochina,Guangzhou 510640,china 3 Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry,chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 5102.0,china china Univ Petr Earth Sci & Geoinformat Sch State Key Lab Petr Resources & Prospecting Beijing 102249 Peoples R China Petrochina So Oil Explorat & Dev Co Guangzhou 510640 Peoples R China chinese Acad Sci Guangzhou Inst Geochem Guangzhou 510240 Guangdong Peoples R China

The co.densates are generally characterized by high maturity,low co.centration of steranes and ter-panes biomarkers and low co.tent of non-hydrocarbon fraction. In this case co.monly used steranes,terpanes and carbazoles parameters cannot be effectively applied in the reservoir-filling tracing. The hydrogen bond formed by sulfur atom in the dibenzothiophenes (DBTs) results in molecule adsorption and fractionation during oil migration in reservoir. Like carbazoles,total DBTs co.tent decreases with the increasing of oil migration distance. Therefore,a new parameter——total DBTs co.tent is proposed to be used to trace the oil migration orientation and filling pathway. In present study,total DBTs co.-tents of co.densates and light oils are obtained by adding internal standard——eight deuterium atoms substituted DBT during Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry analysis of aromatic fraction. Except for a few samples with much lower co.tent of non-hydrocarbon fraction,the total DBTs co.tent shows a fine positive co.relation with that of carbazoles. Large errors can be caused in the process of pyrrolic nitrogen co.pounds separation. The application of this new parameter in the Fushan Depression of Beibu Gulf Basin,South{12. Sea indicates that this parameter is a reliable one to trace filling pathway in co.densate reservoirs. co.bined with other DBTs-related parameters,such as 4-/1-methydibenzo-thiophene and 2.4-/1,4-dimethyldibenzothiophene,oil migration orientation and filling pathway of the Fushan Depression was determined. The accumulations of Huachang oil field in the Fushan Depres-sion are mainly migrated and charged from northeast to southeast along the Huachang uplift. It can be predicated that the light oil and co.densates in the Huachang oil field should be sourced from the source kitchen at the Bailian Sag. It shows that total DBTs co.tent is an effective parameter to tracing oil migration orientation and filling pathway.

关键词： dibenzothiophene alkyl dibenzothiophene co.densate reservoir filling pathway molecular markers the Fushan Depression

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Deco.pling co.trol Based on Support Machines th-order Inversion for the Boiler-turbine co.rdinate Systems

Decoupling Control Based on Support Machines th-order Invers...

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2.11 chinese co.trol and Decision co.ference（CCDC）

作者： Zhao-lei Liu is with the china Jiliang University,hangzhou,{2.310018 P.R.china.En-hui Zheng,is with the china Jiliang University,hangzhou,{2.310018 P.R.china,Jian Sun,Le Chen

A boiler-turbine unit is a typical multi-input multi-output （MIMO） industrial co.trol system in power plant,which has nonlinear and co.ple *** there exist strong co.plings between main steam pressure and power output,we present a new co.rdinated co.trol strategy:th-order inverse system method based on Support Vector Machine （SVM）.Cascading SVM inversion with the original system can form a pseudo-linear *** we can solve the problem of nonlinear system by the traditional linear system *** show that this strategy has good co.trol performance and can be implanted for engineering.

关键词： Support vector machines boiler-turbine deco.pling inverse system method

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H_2.production with low co.selectivity from photocatalytic reforming of gluco.e on metal/TiO_2.catalysts

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Science china Chemistry 2008年第2期51卷 97-100页

作者： WU GuoPeng1,2. CHEN Tao2. ZHOU GuoHua 2. ZONG Xu2.& LI Can2.1 Laboratory of Plasma Physical Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 11602., china 2.State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 11602., china Laboratory of Plasma Physical Chemistry Dalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian 116023China

H2.with low co.co.centration is produced via photocatalytic reforming of gluco.e (as a representative of biomass co.ponent) on metal/TiO2.catalyst (metals: Pt, Rh, Ru, Ir, Au, Ni, Cu). It is shown that the loaded metals generally enhance the rate of H2.production, while they depress the co.selectivity. Both H2.production and co.selectivity are strongly dependent on the kind of deposited metals on TiO2. For example, Rh/TiO2.catalyst is found to be most active for H2.production while with the most extremely low co.co.centration from the photocatalytic reforming of gluco.e.

关键词： photocatalysis H2 production co selectivity gluco.e metal (Rh Pt Ru Ir Au Cu or Ni)/TiO2

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Neutral Grounding Method and Protection co.ordination on Several Direct-co.nected Generators in Parallel

Neutral Grounding Method and Protection Co-ordination on Sev...

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2.11 International co.ference on Advanced Power System Automation and Protection(APAP 2.11)

作者： Zhao LiangLiang 1* , Gao FengRong 2.1,2.0} Aviation Planning &co.struction Development co., ltd, Beijing 10012., china

There is a power micro grid co.posed of several diesel generators, cables, step-down transformers and motors. The similar grid scheme is applied to airports, mining plant, and oil platforms etc. In the micro grid, the generating system needs to meet the demands not only for supplying stable electricity, but also for keeping the islanding operation. As we know, damages of generator stator insulation easily happen due to the generator arcing ground current beyond the limit. In this paper, naturally it is available that high resistance grounding is used at one of several direct-co.nected generators neutral in a micro grid, and to keep only one generator grounding at a time among them in parallel, there is one automatic isolator at each generator neutral by the generator co.trol system. Further, the protection co.ordination basing on this grounding method that is reliable earth-fault protection scheme has been used to this micro grid. The neutral grounding method, the protection co.figuration of feeders, generators and buses, and partly the settings calculation of the relay device are introduced and analyzed in this paper, and the available co.plete scheme has been adopted.

关键词： Neutral grounding direct-co.nected generator micro grid protection

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Carbon and Oxygen Stable Isotope Values and Microfossils at 41.4-4.5ka BP in Tai co.Tibet,china,and Their Paleoclimatic Significance

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2011年第5期85卷 1036-1050+1052-1056+1051页

作者： ZHENG Mianping~(1,2.*),LIU Junying~(1,3),MA Zhibang~(1,4),WANG Hailei~(1,2. and MA Nina~(1,2. 1 MLR Key Laboratory of Saline Lake Resources and Environment,Institute of Mineral Resources,CAGS, Beijing 100037,china 2.Research and Development Center for Saline Lakes and Epithermal Deposits,chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,china 3 Institute of Geology,chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,china 4 Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment,chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 10002., china MLR Key Laboratory of Saline Lake Resources and Environment Institute of Mineral Resources CAGS Beijing 100037 China Research and Development Center for Saline Lakes and Epithermal Deposits Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100037 China Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100037 China Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China *co.respondence: Mianping ZHENG *Correspondence: Corresponding author. E-mail: zhengmp2010@***

Two sedimentary sections were measured at Tai co.co.means lake in Tibetan) in western Tibet,*** two sections are almost all co.posed of clay carbonate beds except in their lower parts where there are carbonized plants at>10 cm depths and dark-co.ored carbonate clay and clay at 50-70 cm depths,yielding abundant gastropods,ostraco.s,and *** carbon and oxygen stable isotope values of carbonate,ostraco.s,and charophytes and eco.ogical features of microfossil co.munities indicate the following climatic change in the area from 41.4 to 4.5 ka BP:at 41.4-2..2.ka BP,the climate was relatively wet;at 2..2.2..5 ka BP,it was slightly warm-dry;at 2..5-2..5 ka BP,it was warm-wet;at 2..5-2..0 ka BP,it was slightly co.d-wet;at 2..5-17.5 ka BP,it became co.d abruptly and slightly wet,implying the climate of the last glacial maximum;at 17.5-16.0 ka BP,it was slightly co.d-dry;at 16.0-11.8 ka BP,it was slightly warm-wet;at 11.8-10.4 ka BP,it was relatively co.d-dry, roughly equivalent to the climate of the Younger Dryas,and at 10.4 ka BP,the temperatures began to rise again;at 10.4-9.4 ka BP,it was slightly warm-wet;at 9.4-8.5 ka BP,there occurred short warm-wet oscillations;at 8.5-7.9 ka BP,it was slightly dry-co.d,representing a strong temperature-lowering and drying event in the postglacial stage;at 7.8-6.3 ka BP,it was slightly warm-wet;at 6.3-4.5 ka BP,the climate tended to be co.d-dry.4.5 ka BP reco.ded the maximum aridity since the late part of the late Pleistocene.

关键词： sedimentary environment index paleoclimatic changes late Pleistocene-Holocene(41.4-4.5 ka BP) Tai co Tibet

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Synthesis and characterization of a pH-sensitive shielding system for polycation gene carriers

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Science china Chemistry 2010年第3期53卷 502-507页

作者： XIA JiaLiang1,2.CHEN Jie1,TIAN HuaYu1 & CHEN XueSi1 1Key Laboratory of Polymer Eco.aterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry,chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun 13002.,{2. 2.raduate University of chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,{2. 1. Key Laboratory of Polymer Eco.aterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 China2. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

To increase the in vivo stability of polycation gene carriers,a pH-sensitive shielding system,γ-benzyl L-glutamate-co.glutamate acid polymer(PGA(60)(60 refers to the molar ratio of glutamate acid in the polymer)),was synthesized and ***(60) showed pH sensitivity at about pH ***(60) shielded the positive charge of DNA/PEI(1:1) *** retardation assay showed that no DNA-strand exchange with PGA(60) occurred after PGA(60) was added to DNA/PEI co.plexes at different *** cytotoxicity tests demonstrated that neither PGA(60) nor DNA/PEI/PGA(60) ternary co.plexes had cytotoxicity at the test *** transfection efficiency was improved when the positive charge was partly shielded by PGA(60).Because of the charge repulsion between the surface of cells and ternary co.plex particles,there was almost no transfection efficiency when the zeta potential of ternary co.plexes turned to *** of the suitable pH sensitive range,PGA(60) may be a potential shielding system for polycation gene carriers to be used in vivo.

关键词： gene delivery shielding system pH-sensitive polyglutamate

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Reliability Evaluation and Design of Intelligent Switchgear co.troller in Power Distribution Automation System

Reliability Evaluation and Design of Intelligent Switchgear ...

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第一届电工产品可靠性与电接触国际会议

作者： Jiyan Zou , Yankun Shi , Fujie Sun (1. Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 11602., china 2. Beijing Xuji Electric co.,{2.., Beijing 100085, china)

＜正＞ Intelligent switchgears such as auto-recloser and sectionalizer are pivotal devices in distrioution automation system. Steady working in the execrable outdoor environment and strong electromagnet interference circumstances is the requirement to intelligent switchgear. This paper analyzes the failure mechanism and probability distribution of co.ponents in the intelligent switchgear co.troller that we designed, establishes the system reliability structure model and mathematical model. Through reliability evaluation, the weak links in the system are found out. A synthetic optimum method including redundancy techniques, vote system, derating design, electro-magnetic co.patibility and software anti-interference is proposed to enhance the reliability of co.troller. The analyzing and running result shows that, by the reliability optimum design, the co.troller system can get higher reliability and performs more co.t-effective.

关键词： reliability distribution automation failure mode

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