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Temporal and spatial distribution of dam failure events in china

International Journal of Sediment Research 2008年第4期23卷 398-405页

作者： X.Y.HE 1,Z.Y.WANG 2,and J.C.HUANG 31 Senior Engineer,Department of Water Hazard Research,china Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,beijing 100038,china2 Prof.,state key laboratory of hydroscience and engineering,tsinghua university,beijing 100084,china 3 Prof.,Department of Water Hazard Research,china Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,beijing 100038,china [a]Senior Engineer Department of Water Hazard Research china Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research beijing 100038 china [b]Prof. state key laboratory of hydroscience and engineering tsinghua university beijing 100084 china [c]Prof. Department of Water Hazard Research china Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research beijing 100038 china

Reservoirs play a vital role in economic development and flood control. Nevertheless, both human and natural factors may lead to dam failures with catastrophic consequences. Analyzing the data of dam failure events from 1954 to 2003 and using the method of energy spectrum analysis, this paper studies the periodicity of dam failures. The rate of failure of different dam ages is analyzed. The climate is the main factor affecting the rate of dam failure. Climate diagrams are used to analyze the spatial distribution of dam failure events in china. High rate of dam failure occurs with 25-year and 12.5-year periods. The distribution of the percentage of dam failure shows an L-shape as a function of service age. The first 5 years of operation is known as the "infant period", during which, the probability of dam failure is much higher than during any other periods. The failure rate in areas near or north to the 400 mm annual isopluvial line is notably higher than other areas. In areas with high temperature difference among seasons have a high annual average dam failure rate.

关键词： Dam failure Temporal and spatial distribution Service age Climate diagram

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Peeling-off phenomenon in FRP strengthened concrete beams due to thermal residual stress

Peeling-off phenomenon in FRP strengthened concrete beams du...

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损伤、断裂与微纳米力学学术研讨会

作者： Qianjun Xu~1,Shichang Duan~2 1 state key laboratory of hydroscience and engineering,tsinghua university,beijing 100084,china 2 beijing Institute of Architectural Design,beijing 100045,china

This paper is aimed to study the peeling-off phenomena in FRP strengthened concrete *** on beam theory and fracture mechanics,a new theoretical model is proposed for predicting the peeling-off behavior near FRP-concrete interfaces,which is governed by residual thermal *** examples are provided to give a clear insight into this failure mechanism. Some suggestions are provided to optimize the design of strengthened structures.

关键词： FRP strengthened concrete beams Thermal mismatch Peeling-off Strain energy release rate

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土钉支护的离心模型试验研究

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土木工程学报 2009年第1期42卷 76-80页

作者：张建红张雁濮家骝韦忠欣高印立清华大学水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室北京100084 中国建筑科学研究院北京100013

土钉由于其施工简便、经济高效,已做为原位土体加固和支护技术被广泛应用。但是对于土钉加固机理的了解还有待于深入研究。中国建筑科学研究院地基所和清华大学共同完成了土钉支护机理的离心模型试验研究。采用清华大学中型土工离心机... 详细信息

土钉由于其施工简便、经济高效,已做为原位土体加固和支护技术被广泛应用。但是对于土钉加固机理的了解还有待于深入研究。中国建筑科学研究院地基所和清华大学共同完成了土钉支护机理的离心模型试验研究。采用清华大学中型土工离心机进行了8组土钉支护基坑的离心模型试验。离心模型试验研究表明,土钉能够显著提高基坑土体的稳定性。土钉长度和密度对支护基坑土体的稳定性影响非常显著。在本文所研究的土性和基坑条件下,当土钉最大长度和基坑高度之比(L/H)为0.48和0.8时,基坑土体基本不会发生整体剪切破坏。土钉支护土体发生外部整体剪切破坏的条件是高密度布置短钉情况,土钉支护土体发生内部钉筋拔出破坏的条件是稀疏布置长钉情况。

关键词：土钉支护离心模型试验

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离心机振动台试验中侧向流动地基位移分析方法研究

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世界地震工程 2010年第S1期26卷 225-229页

作者：王睿张建民张嘎清华大学水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室北京100084 清华大学岩土工程研究所北京100084

通过分析倾斜可液化地基的离心机振动台试验,对离心机振动台试验中地基土体位移分析方法进行了研究,得到了能够有效测量和计算可液化地基地震过程中和震后侧向流动的位移的方法。这种分析方法能够通过对加速度数据的处理和计算,有效地... 详细信息

通过分析倾斜可液化地基的离心机振动台试验,对离心机振动台试验中地基土体位移分析方法进行了研究,得到了能够有效测量和计算可液化地基地震过程中和震后侧向流动的位移的方法。这种分析方法能够通过对加速度数据的处理和计算,有效地克服位移传感器在地震过程中反应不够灵敏导致的位移过程测量的误差,得到合理的地震过程中地基位移变化;同时利用位移传感器对低频位移测量准确的优势,通过量测的震后侧向位移值对计算位移值进行修正,可以得到地震结束后,地基的最终变形。本研究为土工离心机振动台试验中侧向流动地基的位移测量和分析提供可靠有效的方法,也能够为进一步的可液化地基离心模型试验的土体位移相关研究分析提供必要基础。

关键词：离心机振动台可液化地基位移滤波

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Settlement Characteristics of Cement Fly-Ash GravelPile-Plate Composite Foundation of High-Speed Railway

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Journal of Southwest Jiaotong university(English Edition) 2010年第1期18卷 13-18页

作者：朱明冷旷代马建林 School of Civil engineering Southwest Jiaotong University state key laboratory of hydroscience and engineering Tsinghua University

Field tests on settlement characteristics were carried out on the cement fly-ash gravel （CFG） pile-plate composite foundation on beijing-Xuzhou section of beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway. The settlements of the piles and the soil between pries were measured and analyzed. The results show that the settlement-time dependency experienced three phases： rapid development phase, stable development phase and stable phase. Therefore, surcharge preloading was necessary to reduce the settlement after construction. The finite element software Plaxis was used to calculate the deformations of the pile top and the soil between piles at the embankment center, as well as the settlements of CFG pile reinforcement area and the underlying stratum under surcharge preloading. The calculation results and the field test results were compared and analyzed. Both the results show that the settlement of the composite foundation mainly occured in underlying stratum. The settlement characteristics of pile-plate composite foundation under high embankment are also concluded.

关键词： High-speed railway CFG pile-plate composite foundation Settlement characteristics Field test

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爆炸荷载下隧道口动力离心模型试验研究

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世界地震工程 2010年第S1期26卷 212-215页

作者：张应刚马立秋张嘎张建民清华大学岩土工程研究所北京100084 水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室北京100084 中国核电工程有限公司总图地质所北京100830

城市生命线工程如地铁隧道已经成为恐怖袭击的目标,抗爆防爆问题成为热点研究问题之一。文中采用清华大学50g-t土工离心机进行了爆炸离心模型试验,研究了隧道口区域在爆炸荷载作用下土体-结构物系统的动力响应规律。通过测量和分析土体... 详细信息

城市生命线工程如地铁隧道已经成为恐怖袭击的目标,抗爆防爆问题成为热点研究问题之一。文中采用清华大学50g-t土工离心机进行了爆炸离心模型试验,研究了隧道口区域在爆炸荷载作用下土体-结构物系统的动力响应规律。通过测量和分析土体位移得到了弹坑塑性区的界限,分析结构的应变响应,得出塑性区与结构的相对位置是影响结构响应的主要因素之一。

关键词：隧道爆炸离心模型试验塑性区动力响应

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拱坝横缝监测数据反馈分析

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水电能源科学 2011年第11期29卷 83-86页

作者：严新军王亚军侍克斌新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院新疆乌鲁木齐830052 清华大学水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室北京100084

为探究拱坝施工期横缝的工作性态,采用SOM神经网络对监测数据进行模糊聚合分类,依据分类结果标识输入样本,进而利用Elman神经网络诊断分析测试样本,并以溪洛渡高拱坝横缝监测数据为例进行实例验证。结果表明,在误差分析过程和诊断结果... 详细信息

为探究拱坝施工期横缝的工作性态,采用SOM神经网络对监测数据进行模糊聚合分类,依据分类结果标识输入样本,进而利用Elman神经网络诊断分析测试样本,并以溪洛渡高拱坝横缝监测数据为例进行实例验证。结果表明,在误差分析过程和诊断结果精度等方面该方法具有良好的适应性和稳定性。

关键词：横缝监测数据聚类分析诊断

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state of the art:Mechanical behavior of soil-structure interface

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2009年第10期19卷 1187-1196页

作者： Ga Zhang,Jianmin Zhang state key laboratory of hydroscience and engineering,tsinghua university,beijing 100084,china [a]state key laboratory of hydroscience and engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

The monotonic and cyclic behavior of a soil-structure interface has a significant effect on the mechanical response of a soil-structure interaction ***,the behavior of the interface should be investigated with focusing on the individual characters different from other geomaterials.A brief introduction and critical review are presented on the state of the art of monotonic and cyclic behavior of soil- structure interface,including the test device and measurement techniques,fundamental rules and deformation mechanism,constitutive models and their applications in the numerical *** tendencies of the investigation on the interface are also predicted in this paper.

关键词： Interface Soil Mechanical behavior Test Constitutive model Numerical analysis

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Simulation of dam breach development for emergency treatment of the Tangjiashan Quake Lake in china

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2008年第S2期51卷 82-94页

作者： WANG GuangQian,LIU Fan,FU XuDong & LI TieJian state key laboratory of hydroscience and engineering,tsinghua university,beijing 100084,china state key laboratory of hydroscience and engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

The Tangjiashan Quake Lake is the largest quake lake triggered by the 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake that happened on May 12,2008 in china,posing high risk of catastrophic flash flood hazards to downstream human life and properties.A physics-based numerical simulation approach is proposed for real-time prediction of dam breach development of the Tangjiashan Quake Lake in the case of emergency *** erosion and lateral development of the dam breach are represented through accounting for the underlying physics including selective sediment transport and gravitational *** breach erosion model that involves few parameters enables quick calibration based on the monitored hydrological data in emergency analysis where fully geotechnical information about the barrier dam is not *** process of dam breach development is found to be nonlinear in cascades due to the combined effects of headcutting and bank *** agreement between the simulation results and the observed data shows the applicability of the present approach for emergency analysis of quake *** will arise in the situation where the soil composition of barrier dam is significantly *** of circular arc failure for cohesive soil and lateral seepage in bank slope will also enhance its applicability to complex situations.

关键词： quake lake earthquake dam breach simulation numerical model erosion collapse headcutting

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Deformation reinforcement theory and its application to high arch dams

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2008年第S2期51卷 32-47页

作者： YANG Qiang,LIU YaoRu,CHEN YingRu & ZHOU WeiYuan state key laboratory of hydroscience and Hydraulic engineering,tsinghua university,beijing 100084,china 1. state key laboratory of hydroscience and Hydraulic engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

In this paper,the deformation reinforcement theory(DRT) proposed by the authors is elaborated with a new definition of instability that an elasto-plastic structure is not stable if it cannot satisfy simultaneously equilibrium condition,kinematical admissibility and constitutive equations under the prescribed *** from the definition,a proof is established to the principle of minimum plastic complementary energy for failured *** is revealed that the principle of mini-mum plastic complementary energy results in relaxed constitutive equations,especially,yield *** is demonstrated with case studies that many key issues in arch dam design,e.g.,global stability,dam-toe reinforcement,dam-toe cracking,dam-abut-ment reinforcement,can be well solved within the framework of the deformation reinforcement *** structural global stability can be described by the curve of the plastic complementary energy vs overloading *** unbalanced-forces obtained by elasto-plastic FEM can be used as the basis of analysis of global stability,dam-heel cracking,dam-toe anchorage and reinforcement of faults of high arch dams and their foundations.

关键词： high arch dams global stability reinforcement unbalanced force plastic complementary energy

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