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Potential land for plantation of Jatropha curcas as feedstocks for biodiesel in china

Science china Earth Sciences 2010年第1期53卷 120-127页

作者： WU WeiGuang 1,2,3,HUANG JiKun 1,3 & DENG XiangZheng 1,3 1 Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,china 2 department of economics and Management,zhejiang forestry university,{4.,china 3 Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,china Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China department of economics and Management Zhejiang Forestry University Linan China Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

As a renewable energy,biofuel has attracted great attention in china and the rest of *** with the national food security,china recently has shifted its biofuel development priority from grain-based to non-grain-based biofuels,including forest-based biodiesel,since *** curcas is one of major biodiesel ***,there is rising debate on availability of land for expanding Jatropha curcas *** overall goal of this paper is to evaluate potential land for Jatropha curcas used as feedstock for biodiesel in *** on remote sensing data on land use,data on meteorological,soil and land slope,and suitable environment for Jatropha curcas plantation,this study uses Agro Ecological Zone method and considers social-economic constraints to evaluate potential suitable land for Jatropha curcas plantation in china's major Jatropha curcas production region,Southwest *** results show that while there are some potential lands to expand Jatropha curcas areas,amount of these lands will hardly meet the government's target for Jatropha curcas-based biodiesels development in the *** may need to reconsider its long-term targets on the development of Jatropha curcas-based biodiesels.

关键词： biodiesel Jatropha curcas potential land suitability evaluation Southwest china

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Comparative study on using carbon or nitrogen limited medium to culture white rot fungi for reactive brilliant red dye K-2BP decolotization under non-sterile conditions

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Science china Chemistry 2007年第5期50卷 718-724页

作者： GAO DaWen1,2, WEN XiangHua1 & QIAN Yi1 1 State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, department of Environment Science and Engi- neering, Tsinghua university, Beijing 100084. china 2 School of forestry, Northeast forestry university, Harbin 15004., china State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control Department of Environment Science and Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing China School of forestry Northeast Forestry University Harbin China

In order to explore ways for the application of white rot fungus in dye effluent treatment under non-sterile conditions, experiment on decolorization of reactive brilliant red was carried out, employing nitrogen-limited and carbon-limited medium with C/N ratio of 56/2.2 and 28/4. (in mmol/L), respectively. The results showed that the decolorization rate reached 92% while culturing white rot fungus with ni- trogen-limited medium; however, the decolorization process ended in carbon-limited medium (n(C)/n(N) = 28/4.) because of bacterial contamination. In addition, pH rose up to 9.31 after 4.d of decolorization, which was caused by bacterial contamination in the carbon-limited system. Therefore, it is concluded that nitrogen-limited medium can inhibit bacterial growth to some extent while carbon-limited medium is more easily contaminated by bacteria. Nitrogen-limited medium is more suitable in culture of white rot fungus for decolorization of reactive dye. Medium with the ability of inhibiting yeast growth should be developed by adjusting other components of nitrogen-limited medium.

关键词： white rot fungus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, non-sterile, decolorization, dye

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Test of magnetic susceptibility and grain-size age models of loess

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2007年第11期17卷 1312-1317页

作者： Chen Yimeng1,2,3, Feng Zhaodong4.and Gong Huili1,2(1. MOE and Key Laboratory of Resources Environment and GIS of Beijing, Beijing 100037, china 2. Key Laboratory of 3D information Acquisition and Application, The Capital Normal university, Beijing 100037, china 3. department of {4. & Management of Huizhou university, Huizhou 516007, china 4. Key Laboratory of Western china’s Environmental Systems, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou university, Lanzhou 730000, china) Key Laboratory of Resources Environment and GIS of Beijing Beijing 100037 China Key Laboratory of 3D information Acquisition and Application Capital Normal University Beijing 100037 China department of economics and Management Huizhou University Huizhou 516007 China Key Laboratory of Western china's Environmental Systems Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China

Ages of the stratigraphic boundary MIS1/2 and MIS3/4.of the Yuanbu loess section in Linxia are used as the basis of the nodal control age. The age of MIS1/2 and MIS3/4.are obtained from the latest international research result—the climatic events recorded in the stalagmite in the Hulu Cave in Nanjing, that MIS1/2 is 11.5 kaB.P. and MIS3/4.is 59.8 kaB.P.. The ages of the two climatic events contain three nodal age control models (Model 1: 0 kaB.P.—59.8 kaB.P.; Model 2: 0 kaB.P.—11.5 kaB.P. and 11.5 kaB.P.—59.8 kaB.P.; Model 3: 11.5 kaB.P.—59.8 kaB.P.), which are used as the nodal control age separately. The deposition times of various stratigraphic horizons are calculated by using the magnetic susceptibility age model and grain-size age model, and then compared with each other. In addition, the AMS14. age, OSL age and the ages of YD and H events are compared with the ages of the corresponding horizons calculated by the three models of nodal control ages. From the analyses of lithologic characters and climatic stages it has been found that both the magnetic susceptibility age model and the grain-size age model have some defects. Because the accurate control ages are selected as the nodal points of the glacial period or interglacial period, the stratigraphic deposition times determined by the high resolution of magnetic susceptibility age model and grain-size age model approximate to the actual ages. As for the relative accuracy of the two age models, the magnetic susceptibility age model is more accurate than the grain-size age model.

关键词： loess nodal control age magnetic susceptibility age model grain-size age model test

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Checking for normality in linear mixed models

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Science china Mathematics 2012年第4期55卷 787-804页

作者： WU Ping 1,,ZHU LiXing 2,3 & FANG Yun 4.1 School of Finance and Statistics,East china Normal university,Shanghai 20024.,china 2 School of Statistics and Mathematics,Yunnan university of Finance and {4.,Yunnan 650221,china 3 The department of Mathematics,Hong Kong Baptist university,Hong Kong 999077,china 4.Mathematics and Science College,Shanghai Normal university,Shanghai 200234.china School of Finance and Statistics East China Normal University Shanghai China School of Statistics and Mathematics Yunnan University of Finance and Economics Yunnan China The department of Mathematics Hong Kong Baptist University Hong Kong China Mathematics and Science College Shanghai Normal University Shanghai China

Linear mixed models are popularly used to fit continuous longitudinal data, and the random effects are commonly assumed to have normal distribution. However, this assumption needs to be tested so that further analysis can be proceeded well. In this paper, we consider the Baringhaus-Henze-Epps-Pulley （BHEP） tests, which are based on an empirical characteristic function. Differing from their case, we consider the normality checking for the random effects which are unobservable and the test should be based on their predictors. The test is consistent against global alternatives, and is sensitive to the local alternatives converging to the null at a certain rate arbitrarily close to 1/V~ where n is sample size. ^-hlrthermore, to overcome the problem that the limiting null distribution of the test is not tractable, we suggest a new method： use a conditional Monte Carlo test （CMCT） to approximate the null distribution, and then to simulate p-values. The test is compared with existing methods, the power is examined, and several examples are applied to illustrate the usefulness of our test in the analysis of longitudinal data.

关键词： linear mixed models estimated best linear unbiased predictors BHEP tests conditional MonteCarlo test

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Suspended sediment flux of river:Wavelet analysis in the Panlong basin of the Upper Red River (Honghe River),china

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2007年第A2期52卷 172-179页

作者： DING WenRong~(1,2+) ZHOU Yue~(1,3) L XiXi~4.1 The Faculty of Environment Science and Engineering,Kunming university of Science and Technology,Kunming 650093,china 2 College of Tourism and Geography Science,Yunnan Normal university,Kunming 650092,china 3 Yunnan university of Finance and economics,Kunming 650221,china 4.department of Geography,National university of Singapore 119260,Singapore The Faculty of Environment Science and Engineering Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming China College of Tourism and Geography Science Yunnan Normal University Kunming China Yunnan university of Finance and economics Kunming China department of Geography National University of Singapore Singapore

这份报纸把小浪分析用于检验变化趋势，多时间规模变化，在上面的红河的 Panlong 盆的推迟的沉积流动(SSF ) 的周期、突然的变化特征，中国。结果显示 SSF 从 1951 ～ 1997 增加了，但是自从 1998，衰退了。SSF 的变化把多时间规模特征... 详细信息

这份报纸把小浪分析用于检验变化趋势，多时间规模变化，在上面的红河的 Panlong 盆的推迟的沉积流动(SSF ) 的周期、突然的变化特征，中国。结果显示 SSF 从 1951 ～ 1997 增加了，但是自从 1998，衰退了。SSF 的变化把多时间规模特征和变化在不同时间时期改变了。三周期的时间规模， 4. 7 和 22 年，被决定。22 年的周期的时间规模，是在三次规模之中的最明显的，通过整个研究时期延长了，而第 4.a 7 年的时间规模在某些时间时期仅仅是明显的。分别地有 27 次越过 4.年的时间规模，越过 7 年的时间规模的 16 次和越过 22 年的时间规模的 5 次的突然的变化。根据统计的聚会和气候数据分析，我们断定人的活动是导致了多时间规模的 SSF，而是特征的变化趋势的主要原因，周期、突然的变化被气候变化主要影响。

关键词：河流中国红河微波分析

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Climate instability during the last glaciation recorded in the Yuanbu loess section

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2009年第4期19卷 453-459页

作者： Yimeng Chen department of economics & Management, Huizhou university, Huizhou 516007, china department of economics & Management Huizhou University Huizhou 516007 China

Abrupt events within the Linxia Yuanbu loess section in the western Loess Plateau in china were investigated. The climatic proxy index of the content of mean grain-size and >4.lm grain-size fraction of the section was used as a climatic indicator, and a moving average method was applied in the statistical analysis to extract the abrupt events recorded in the section. It was found that the loess of the last glaciation recorded not only the abrupt events teleconnected with the high-latitude North Atlantic and Greenland regions but also as many as 15 abrupt events in addition to the Heinrich (H) and Younger Dryas (YD) events. This indicates that abrupt climate changes were typical of the climate changes occurring in the Loess Plateau during the last glaciation. The widely recognized mechanisms of the abrupt climate changes, including the heat transfer theory of the North Atlantic Ocean, the atmospheric circulation theory, and the theory of the interac- tion between low-latitude ocean and the atmosphere remains to be discussed. Perhaps this problem could be resolved by revealing the rela- tion between the evolution of the features of the East Asian monsoon climate and the climate in the surrounding areas. Through a detailed study of the features of the Heinrich and YD events, criteria on which the abrupt events recorded in the loess could be distinguished were tentatively defined. The events were associated with a large grain size, high carbonate content, high lightness, low susceptibility, low redness and low yellowness. In addition, the variation amplitude of the adjacent peak and valley on the curve of the content of the mean grain-size and >4. lm grain-size fraction was larger than 3.4.lm and the content of >4. lm grain-size fraction was larger than 2.0 lm. Lastly, the length of the variation time was less than 500 years. If all these criteria were met, the event was viewed as an abrupt event.

关键词： Climate instability Moving average Abrupt event Last glaciation Loess section

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Carbon isotope ratios of C_(4. plants in loess areas of North china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2006年第1期49卷 97-102页

作者： WANG Guoan1,2,3, HAN Jiamao 2, ZHOU Liping3, XIONG Xiaogang4. TAN Ming2, WU Zhenhai5 & PENG Jun6 1. department of Plant Nutrition, china Agricultural university, Beijing 100094. china 2. Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, china 3. College of Environmental Sciences, MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking university, Beijing 100871, china 4. Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, china 5. Northwest Sci-Tech university of Agriculture and forestry, Yangling 712100, china 6. Network Center, china Agricultural university, Beijing 100094. china department of Plant Nutrition China Agricultural University Beijing China Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China College of Environmental Sciences MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes Peking University Beijing China Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Northwest Sci-Tech university of Agriculture and forestry Yangling China Network Center China Agricultural University Beijing China

Carbon isotope ratios (δ^(13)C) of 89 C_4.plant samples were determined fromthe loess area in North china. δ^(13)C values vary between -10.5per thousand and -14.6per thousandwith a mean of -12.6per thousand. Along a precipitation gradient from the semi-moist area to thesemiarid area, then to the arid area, the δ^(13)C values of C_4.plants show a slight decreasingtrend. The δ^(13)C values of C_4.plants in the dry season are found lower than those in the wetseason. These trends are opposite to those observed for C_3 species.

关键词： C4 plants, carbon isotope ratios, loess area.

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The impact of vegetation restoration on erosion-induced sediment yield in the middle Yellow River and management prospect

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第6期48卷 724-741页

作者： CHEN Hao1, ZHOU Jinxing2, CAI Qiangguo1, YUE Zhongqi3, LU Zhongchen4. LIANG Guanglin1& HUANG Jianguo5 1. Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Re-search, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, china 2. Institute of forestry, Chinese Academy of forestry Sciences, Beijing 100091, china 3. {4. of Civil Engineering, university of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, china 4. Eco-environmental Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, china 5. College of Resources and Environment, Southwest Agricultural university, Chongqing 4.0716, china Correspondence should be addressed to Chen Hao Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Institute of forestry Chinese Academy of Forestry Sciences Beijing China department of Civil Engineering University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China Eco-environmental Research Center Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China College of Resources and Environment Southwest Agricultural University Chongqing China

According to the characteristics of water and erosion environments of different natural zones on the Loess Plateau, this paper studies changes of vegetation types, distribution boundaries of forest and grass as well as restoration capacity of vegetation in different natural zones in the middle Yellow River. The annual precipitation of 530 mm is the critical annual pre-cipitation for forest and grass distribution in the middle Yellow River. Among the zonal and azonal environmental factors affecting watershed sediment yield, the intermediate diameter D50 (mm) of suspended load and forest coverage (V, %) play the leading role. Of them the effect weight of forest coverage (V, %) on catchments sediment yield is only 3.4. less than the role of the intermediate diameter (D50, mm), they are almost the same. To effectively control soil erosion in semiarid, especially in hilly-gullied areas and make sediment transport modulus reduce to less than 6000 t/km2, it is rather difficult by merely relying on natural restoration of forest. In the process of cultivated land conversion into forest land and grassland, measures suiting local conditions should be adopted in tree species selection and artificial afforestation (grass planting) based on management with biological measures for slopeland and engineering measures for hilly-gullied areas, so that watershed forest coverage in key counties can reach at least over 30%.Compared with the standard period of precipitation prior to the 1960s, with the decrease of an-nual precipitation at various periods, plant productivities decline to different degrees under natural conditions. The main reason accountable for the low survival rate of new seedlings and grass over years is due to precipitation decrease. In light with regression models of annual pre-cipitation and natural vegetation productivities, it is possible to obtain estimated values of wa-tershed natural vegetation productivity and eco-water consumption needed for the restoration to

关键词： vegetation restoration, eco-water requirement, watershed sediment yield, the middle Yellow River.

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Molecular dynamics simulation of kink in 〈100〉 edge dislocation in body centred cubic iron

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2007年第16期52卷 2291-2296页

作者： CHEN LiQun1,2,WANG ChongYu2,3,4.& YU Tao2 1 College of Sciences,Central South university of forestry & Technology,Changsha 4.0004.china 2 Central Iron and Steel Research Institute,Beijing 100081,china 3 {4. of Physics,Tsinghua university,Beijing 100084.china 4.International Center for Materials Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenyang 110016,china College of Sciences Central South University of Forestry & Technology Changsha China Central Iron and Steel Research Institute Beijing China department of Physics Tsinghua University Beijing China International Center for Materials Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang China

Using the molecular dynamics method,we have constructed two kink models corresponding to the 〈100〉{010} and 〈100〉{011} edge dislocations (EDs) in body centred cubic (bcc) Fe. It is found that the geometric structure of a kink depends on the type of edge dislocation and the structural energies of the atoms sites in the dislocation core region. The formation energies,migration energies and widths of the kinks in different types of EDs are calculated. The results show that formation and migration of the kink in the 〈100〉{010} edge dislocation are difficult. The 〈100〉{011} edge dislocation moves primarily through kink nucleation,rather than kink migration.

关键词：分子动力学边缘位移铁纽结结构

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The effect of hydrogen on the electronic structure of kink in bcc iron

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2009年第5期52卷 1212-1218页

作者： CHEN LiQun1,QIU ZhengChen1,YU Tao2 & WANG ChongYu2,3,4.1 College of Sciences,Central South university of forestry and Technology,Changsha 4.0004.china 2 Central Iron and Steel Research Institute,Beijing 100081,china 3 {4. of Physics,Tsinghua university,Beijing 100084.china 4.International Center for Materials Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenyang 110016,china College of Sciences Central South University of Forestry and Technology Changsha China Central Iron and Steel Research Institute Beijing China department of Physics Tsinghua University Beijing China International Center for Materials Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang China

The electronic structures of kinks in the [100](010) and 1/2[111](-110) edge dislocations in bcc iron containing hydrogen are investigated by means of the first-principles DMol method and the discrete variational *** effects of hydrogen on the kinks are *** results show that hydro-gen forms weak bonding states with its neighboring host atoms,and since hydrogen draws charge from its neighboring host atoms,the interactions between most of the host atoms are weakened com-pared with those of the corresponding atomic pairs in the clean *** indicates that the migration of kink,*** motion of dislocation,is easier in the doping hydrogen kink than in the clean kink,which may be the solid solution softening effect resulting from the impurity hydrogen.

关键词： electronic structure dislocation kink impurity

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