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Valorization of Agricultural Residues for Hydrogen-Based Electricity Generation towards Circular Bioeconomy

Open Journal of Energy Efficiency 2024年第2期13卷 57-78页

作者： patience Afi Seglah Komikouma Apelike Wobuibe Neglo International Education School III Guangzhou College of Technology and Business Foshan China School of Foreign Languages Guangzhou College of Technology and Business Guangzhou China Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China Institute of Agricultural Economics and Development Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China

Global crises, notably climate shocks, degraded ecosystems, and growing energy demand, enforce sustainable production and consumption pathways. A circular bioeconomy offers the opportunities to actualize resource and eco-efficiency enhancement, valorization of waste streams, reduction of fossil energy and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Albeit biomass resources are a potential feedstock for bio-hydrogen (bio-H2) production, Ghana’s agricultural residues are not fully utilized. This paper examines the economic and environmental impact of bio-H2 electricity generation using agricultural residues in Ghana. The bio-H2 potential was determined based on biogas steam reforming (BSR). The research highlights that BSR could generate 2617 kt of bio-H2, corresponding to 2.78% of the global hydrogen demand. Yam and maize residues contribute 50.47% of the bio-H2 produced, while millet residues have the most negligible share. A tonne of residues could produce 16.59 kg of bio-H2 and 29.83 kWh of electricity. A total of 4,705.89 GWh of electricity produced could replace the consumption of 21.92% of Ghana’s electricity. The economic viability reveals that electricity cost is $0.174/kWh and has a positive net present value of $2135550609.45 with a benefit-to-cost ratio of 1.26. The fossil diesel displaced is 1421.09 ML, and 3862.55 kt CO2eq of carbon emissions decreased corresponding to an annual reduction potential of 386.26 kt CO2eq. This accounts for reducing 10.26% of Ghana’s GHG emissions. The study demonstrates that hydrogen-based electricity production as an energy transition is a strategic innovation pillar to advance the circular bioeconomy and achieve sustainable development goals.

关键词： Agricultural Residues Biogas Steam Reforming Bio-Hydrogen Electricity Circular Bioeconomy

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Comparison of Semi-Parametric Shared Frailty Models for Bees’Survival

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Journal of Data Analysis and Information Processing 2024年第2期12卷 267-288页

作者： patience Isiaho Daisy Salifu Samuel Mwalili Henri E. Z. Tonnang Department of Statistics and Actuarial Sciences Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya Data Management Modelling and Geo-Information Unit International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE) Nairobi Kenya

Survival analysis is a fundamental tool in medical science for time-to-event data. However, its application to colony organisms like bees poses challenges due to their social nature. Traditional survival models may not accurately capture the interdependence among individuals within a colony. Frailty models, accounting for shared risks within groups, offer a promising alternative. This study evaluates the performance of semi-parametric shared frailty models (gamma, inverse normal, and positive stable-in comparison to the traditional Cox model using bees’ survival data). We examined the effect of misspecification of the frailty distribution on regression and heterogeneity parameters using simulation and concluded that the heterogeneity parameter was more sensitive to misspecification of the frailty distribution and choice of initial parameters (cluster size and true heterogeneity parameter) compared to the regression parameter. From the data, parameter estimates for covariates were close for the four models but slightly higher for the Cox model. The shared gamma frailty model provided a better fit to the data in comparison with the other models. Therefore, when focusing on regression parameters, the gamma frailty model is recommended. This research underscores the importance of tailored survival methodologies for accurately analyzing time-to-event data in social organisms.

关键词： Correlated Failure Times Frailty Survival Analysis Unobserved Heterogeneity

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Modelling the Survival of Western Honey Bee Apis mellifera and the African Stingless Bee Meliponula ferruginea Using Semiparametric Marginal Proportional Hazards Mixture Cure Model

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Journal of Data Analysis and Information Processing 2024年第1期12卷 24-39页

Classical survival analysis assumes all subjects will experience the event of interest, but in some cases, a portion of the population may never encounter the event. These survival methods further assume independent survival times, which is not valid for honey bees, which live in nests. The study introduces a semi-parametric marginal proportional hazards mixture cure (PHMC) model with exchangeable correlation structure, using generalized estimating equations for survival data analysis. The model was tested on clustered right-censored bees survival data with a cured fraction, where two bee species were subjected to different entomopathogens to test the effect of the entomopathogens on the survival of the bee species. The Expectation-Solution algorithm is used to estimate the parameters. The study notes a weak positive association between cure statuses (ρ1=0.0007) and survival times for uncured bees (ρ2=0.0890), emphasizing their importance. The odds of being uncured for A. mellifera is higher than the odds for species M. ferruginea. The bee species, A. mellifera are more susceptible to entomopathogens icipe 7, icipe 20, and icipe 69. The Cox-Snell residuals show that the proposed semiparametric PH model generally fits the data well as compared to model that assume independent correlation structure. Thus, the semi parametric marginal proportional hazards mixture cure is parsimonious model for correlated bees survival data.

关键词： Mixture Cure Models Clustered Survival Data Correlation Structure Cox-Snell Residuals EM Algorithm Expectation-Solution Algorithm

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Phenotypic Characterization of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase, Class C Cephalosporinase and Carbapenemase-Producing Klebsiella Species Isolated from Patients Consulted at Four Yaounde-Based Hospitals

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2024年第2期14卷 105-119页

作者： Emilia Enjema Lyonga Mbamyah Mangum patience Kumcho Michel Toukam Dieudonné Sedena Florence Anjabie Enyeji Aime-Caesar Teukam Modestine Djuissi Martha Tongo Mesembe George Mondinde Ikomey Agnes Bedie Eyoh Hortense Kamga Gonsu Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences The University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon Center for the Study and Control of Communicable Diseases Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences The University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon Department of Microbiology School of Health Sciences Catholic University of Central Africa Yaounde Cameroon Faculty of Science University of Buea Buea Cameroon Bacteriology Unit Yaounde University Teaching Hospital Yaounde Cameroon

Background: Klebsiella spp. are bacteria of medical importance for their role in opportunistic infections which are often difficult to treat because of resistance to one or several antimicrobials. The aim of this study was to determine antimicrobial resistance due to Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase (ESBL), Class C cephalosporinase (AmpC) and carbapenemase enzymes in Klebsiella spp. isolated from patients consulted at four hospitals. Methodology: The study was cross-sectional and descriptive. A total of 4190 non-repetitive patients specimens from 13 types of clinical specimens were analysed from February to November 2020. Two hundred and twenty-five (225) Klebsiella spp isolates were identified using API 20E and antimicrobial susceptibility testing done according to the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. ESBL and AmpC phenotypes were determined by the combination disc method and carbapenemases by double disc synergy method, referenced by EUCAST guidelines for the resistance testing. Results: The frequency of the species was Klebsiella pneumoniae (69%, 155/255), K. oxytoca (14%, 31/255), K. ozaenae (12%, 27/225) and K. rhinoscleromatis (5%, 11/225). Isolates were most resistant to sulphomethoxazole trimethoprim (84%, 189/225), cepaholosporins (80%, 180/225), and least resistant to carbapenems (10.7%, 24/225). Two K. oxytoca and one K. pneumoniae were resistant to all antibiotics tested. Klebsiella pneumoniae had the most multidrug resistant isolates (59.4%, 134/225). Most isolates (83.6%, 188/225) expressed at least one enzyme, while 63.6% (143/225) of the isolates expressed at least two enzymes. Some isolates were ESBL (71.6%, 161/225), carbapenemase (10.7%, 24/225) and AmpC (6.6%, 15/225) producers. Three carbapenemases (Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-KPC, Metallo-Beta Lactamase-MBL and OXA-48) were detected. Conclusion: These results revealed that resistance of Klebsiella spp. to cephalosporins is high and this may be exacerbated by co-expression of AmpC and

关键词： Klebsiella Spp. Multidrug Resistance ESBL AmpC Carbapenemase

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Xylose: absorption, fermentation, and post-absorptive metabolism in the pig

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2018年第1期9卷 1-9页

作者： Nichole F.Huntley John F.patience Department of Animal Science 213 Kildee HallIowa State University Department of Animal Science 201B Kildee HallIowa State University

Xylose, as β-1,4-linked xylan, makes up much of the hemicel ulose in cel wal s of cereal carbohydrates fed to pigs. As inclusion of fibrous ingredients in swine diets continues to increase, supplementation of carbohydrases, such as xylanase,is of interest. However, much progress is warranted to achieve consistent enzyme efficacy, including an improved understanding of the utilization and energetic contribution of xylanase hydrolysis product（i.e. xylooligosaccharides or monomeric xylose）. This review examines reports on xylose absorption and metabolism in the pig and identifies gaps in this knowledge that are essential to understanding the value of carbohydrase hydrolysis products in the nutrition of the pig. Xylose research in pigs was first reported in 1954, with only sporadic contributions since. Therefore, this review also discusses relevant xylose research in other monogastric species, including humans. In both pigs and poultry, increasing purified D-xylose inclusion general y results in linear decreases in performance, efficiency, and diet digestibility. However,supplementation levels studied thus far have ranged from 5% to 40%, while theoretical xylose release due to xylanase supplementation would be less than 4%. More than 95% of ingested D-xylose disappears before the terminal ileum but mechanisms of absorption have yet to be ful y elucidated. Some data support the hypothesis that mechanisms exist to handle low xylose concentrations but become overwhelmed as luminal concentrations increase. Very little is known about xylose metabolic utilization in vertebrates but it is wel recognized that a large proportion of dietary xylose appears in the urine and significantly decreases the metabolizable energy available from the diet. Nevertheless, evidence of labeled D-xylose-1-^（14）C appearing as expired^（14）CO_2 in both humans and guinea pigs suggests that there is potential,although small, for xylose oxidation. It is yet to be determined if pigs develop increased xy

关键词： Pentose utilization Swine Threitol Xylose absorption Xylose metabolism

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High Capacity Data Rate System:Review of Visible Light Communications Technology

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Journal of Electronic Science and Technology 2020年第3期18卷 241-265页

作者： Augustus Ehiremen Ibhaze patience Ebehiremen Orukpe Frederick Obataimen Edeko Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering University of LagosLagos 100213 Department of Electrical/Electronic Engineering University of BeninBenin City 300283

Wireless communications have become an integral part of global convergence as global connectedness has gradually become dependent on its efficient *** need for"more-broadband"techniques in relation to the ever increasing growth rate of the data hungry society now necessitates novel techniques for the high-speed data *** advancements have been made in this regard,the projection of having an eventual Internet of everything (IoE) deployment will result in an unimaginable transmission data rate requirement as huge data traffic will be conveyed per time within the communications network,which will require a capacity upgrade of the existing *** light communications (VLCs),as an integral part of optical wireless communications (OWCs),have been reviewed in this article,having the capacity to extend the achievable data rate requirement of the wireless communications *** technologies,techniques,and best practices have been presented alongside technology integration for the seamless high capacity wireless broadband deployment.

关键词： Channel equalization heterogeneous network(HetNet) light-fidelity(Li-Fi) propagation link visible light communications(VLCs) wireless-fidelity(Wi-Fi)

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Studies on the mechanisms of anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts and fractions of Alchornea floribunda leaves

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2009年第3期2卷 7-14页

作者： Festus BC Okoye patience O.Osadebe Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of NigeriaNsukka410001Enugu StateNigeria

Objective:Alchornea floribunda leaves are widely used in ethnomedicinal management of inflammatory disorders. The present work is aimed at investigating this folkloric ***:The anti-inflammatory effect of the leaf extracts and fractions was investigated in experimental animal models of acute and chronic inflammation. The possible mechanisms by which the two most active fractions,hexane(HE) and ethyl acetate(EF) exert their effects were also ***:The crude extract(200 mg/kg) showed moderate inhibition of egg albumen-induced edema in rats(%edema inhibition = 54.69) at 4 *** and EF showed very high activity(%edema inhibition of 81.25 and 67.19 respectively at 200 mg/kg) at 4h as compared to the control. Both fractions ameliorated arthritis induced by formaldehyde in *** 400 mg/kg,HE evofeed a significant irritation of gastric mucosa in ***(200 mg/kg,p.o.) significantly inhibited leucocytes(%inhibition = 36.79) migration in vivo,but could not stabilize heat and hypotonicity-indueed lysis of human erythrocyte at 200 and 400μg/mL in *** investigation revealed the presence of terpenoids and steroids in HE and flavonoids,tannins and saponins in ***:These results suggest that the leaves of Alchornea floribunda possess anti-inflammatory activity in acute and chronic *** activity may derive from a combination of inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis and leucocytes *** phytochemical constituents detected in HE and EF may account for the anti-inflammatory activity.

关键词： Alchornea floribunda Anti-inflammatory Arthritis Leucocytes migration Membrane stabilization Plant extracts

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Lipopolysaccharide immune stimulation but not β-mannanase supplementation affects maintenance energy requirements in young weaned pigs

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2018年第4期9卷 901-916页

作者： Nichole F.Huntley C.Martin Nyachoti John F.patience Department of Animal Science Iowa State University Department of Animal Science University of Manitoba

Background: Pathogen or diet-induced immune activation can partition energy and nutrients away from growth,but clear relationships between immune responses and the direction and magnitude of energy partitioning responses have yet to be elucidated. The objectives were to determine how β-mannanase supplementation and lipopolysaccharide(LPS) immune stimulation affect maintenance energy requirements(MEm) and to characterize immune parameters, digestibility, growth performance, and energy ***: In a randomized complete block design, 30 young weaned pigs were assigned to either the control treatment(CON; basal corn, soybean meal and soybean hul s diet), the enzyme treatment(ENZ; basal diet + 0.056% β-mannanase),or the immune system stimulation treatment(ISS; basal diet + 0.056% β-mannanase, chal enged with repeated increasing doses of Escherichia coli LPS). The experiment consisted of a 10-d adaptation period, 5-d digestibility and nitrogen balance measurement, 22 h of heat production(HP) measurements, and 12 h of fasting HP measurements in indirect calorimetry chambers. The immune chal enge consisted of 4 injections of either LPS(ISS) or sterile saline(CON and ENZ), one every48 h beginning on d 10. Blood was collected pre-and post-challenge for complete blood counts with differential,haptoglobin and mannan binding lectin, 12 cytokines, and glucose and insulin ***: Beta-mannanase supplementation did not affect immune status, nutrient digestibility, growth performance,energy balance, or MEm. The ISS treatment induced fever, elevated proinflammatory cytokines and decreased leukocyte concentrations(P 0.10),but increased total HP(21%) and MEm(23%), resulting in decreased lipid deposition(-30%) and average daily gain(-18%)(P < 0.05).Conclusions: This experiment provides novel data on β-mannanase supplementation effects on immune parameters and energy balance i

关键词： Acute phase proteins β-Mannan Cytokines Digestibility Feed induced immune response Heat production Inflammation Lipopolysaccharide Nitrogen balance Swine

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A Mother-to-Child Transmission Study in Nigeria:The Impact of Maternal HIV Infection and HAART on Plasma Immunoglobulins,Cytokine Profiles and Infant Outcome

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Virologica Sinica 2020年第4期35卷 468-477页

作者： Chinwe O.Ewenighi-Amankwah Charles Chinedum Onyenekwe Ogochukwu Udemba patience Muogbo Lijun Rong Department of Medical Laboratory Science Ebonyi State UniversityAbakaliki 480214Nigeria Department of Microbiology and Immunology College of MedicineUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIL 60612USA Department of Medical Laboratory Science Faculty of Health Science and TechnologyNnamdi Azikiwe UniversityAwka 5025Nigeria Laboratory Unit Mother of Christ Specialist HospitalOguiEnugu 400252Nigeria Monitoring and Evaluation Unit ART DepartmentMother of Christ Specialist HospitalOguiEnugu 400252Nigeria

Prevention of mother-to-child transmission(PMTCT)of HIV with highly active antiretroviral therapy(HARRT)allows the HIV^+pregnant mothers to have vaginal delivery and *** we investigated the maternal plasma immunoglobulin,cytokine secretion and the outcome of the exposed infants among the HIV^+HAART treated pregnan women in *** this study,different plasma immunoglobulins and cytokines were measured in the HIV^+HAART treated pregnant *** culture supernatants of B and T lymphocytes showed lower levels of IFN-γ,IL-10 and *** were lower IFN-γand IL-10 secretions at 1st trimester;however,IL-10 continued to be lower throughout 2nd and 3rd ***-αsecretion significantly decreased as pregnancy progressed to *** were high plasma IgG and low IgM in the HIV^+HAART treated pregnant *** IgG was high during 1st and 3rd *** one year of follow up,all the exposed children were seronegative for HIV-1 and *** delivery and breastfeeding among HIV^+HAART treated mothers have shown to be *** use of HAART by the infected mothers and the use of septrin and niverapin by the exposed infants prevented mother to-child transmission of HIV.

关键词： Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) Prevention from mother-to-child transmission(PMTCT) Highly active antiretroviral therapy(HAART) Lymphocyte stimulation Mitogen Cytokine Immunoglobulins

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A review of feed efficiency in swine:biology and application

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2015年第4期6卷 369-377页

作者： John F.patience Mariana C.Rossoni-Seräo Nestor A.Gutiérrez Department of Animal Science Iowa State University

Feed efficiency represents the cumulative efficiency with which the pig utilizes dietary nutrients for maintenance, lean gain and lipid accretion. It is closely linked with energy metabolism, as the oxidation of carbon-containing components in the feed drive all metabolic processes. While much is known about nutrient utilization and tissue metabolism, blending these subjects into a discussion on feed efficiency has proven to be difficult. For example, while increasing dietary energy concentration will almost certainly increase feed efficiency, the correlation between dietary energy concentration and feed efficiency is surprisingly low. This is likely due to the plethora of non-dietary factors that impact feed efficiency, such as the environment and health as well as individual variation in maintenance requirements, body composition and body weight. Nonetheless, a deeper understanding of feed efficiency is critical at many levels. To individual farms, it impacts profitability. To the pork industry, it represents its competitive position against other protein sources. To food economists, it means less demand on global feed resources. There are environmental and other societal implications as well. Interestingly, feed efficiency is not always reported simply as a ratio of body weight gain to feed consumed. This review will explain why this arithmetic calculation, as simple as it initially seems, and as universally applied as it is in science and commerce, can often be misleading due to errors inherent in recording of both weight gain and feed intake. This review discusses the importance of feed efficiency, the manner in which it can be measured and reported, its basis in biology and approaches to its improvement. It concludes with a summary of findings and recommendations for future efforts.

关键词： Caloric efficiency Energy Feed efficiency Residual feed intake Swine

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