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MAPK signaling： A key element in plant defense response to insects

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Insect Science 2015年第2期22卷 157-164页

作者： christian.Hettenhausen Meredith C. Schuman Jianqiang Wu Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology Hans-Knoell Str. 8 07745 Jena Germany

Insects have long been the most abundant herbivores, and plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to defend against their attack, In particular, plants can perceive specific patterns of tissue damage associated with insect herbivory. Some plant species can perceive certain elicitors in insect oral secretions （OS） that enter wounds during feeding, and rapidly activate a series of intertwined signaling pathways to orchestrate the biosynthesis of various defensive metabolites. Mitogen-activated protein kinases （MAPKs）, common to all eukaryotes, are involved in the orchestration of many cellular processes, including development and stress responses. In plants, at least two MAPKs, salicylic acid-induced protein kinase （SIPK） and wound-induced protein kinase （WlPK）, are rapidly activated by wounding or insect 0S; importantly, genetic studies us- ing transgenic or mutant plants impaired in MAPK signaling indicated that MAPKs play critical roles in regulating the herbivory-induced dynamics of phytohormones, such as jasmonic acid, ethylene and salicylic acid, and MAPKs are also required for transcriptional activation of herbivore defense-related genes and accumulation of defensive metabolites. In this review, we summarize recent developments in understanding the functions of MAPKs in plant resistance to insect herbivores.

关键词： defense FAC insect jasmonate mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) plant-insect interaction

Modeling Preparative Chromatographic Separation of Heavy Rare Earth Elements and Optimization of Thulium Purification

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Advances in Materials Physics and Chemistry 2015年第5期5卷 151-160页

作者： Mark Max-hansen hans-Kristian Knutson christian.Jonsson Marcus Degerman Bernt Nilsson Department of Chemical Engineering Lund UniversityLundSweden

Rare Earth Elements are in growing demand globally. This paper presents a case study of applied mathematical modeling and multi objective optimization to optimize the separation of heavy Rare Earth Elements, Terbium-Lutetium, by means of preparative solid phase extraction chromatography, which means that an extraction ligand, HDEHP, is immobilized on a C18 silica phase, and nitric acid is used as an eluent. An ICP-MS was used for online detection of the Rare Earths. A methodology for calibration and optimization is presented, and applied to an industrially relevant mixture. Results show that Thulium is produced at 99% purity, with a productivity of 0.2 - 0.5 kg Tm per m3 stationary phase and second, with Yields from 74% to 99%.

关键词： Rare Earth Elements Chromatography Model Calibration Optimization Multi-Objective HDEHP

Early response evaluation and prediction in neoadjuvant-treated patients with esophageal cancer

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2009年第1期1卷 30-37页

作者： Joerg Theisen Bernd Krause christian.Peschel Roland Schmid hans Geinitz Helmut Friess Department of Surgery Klinikum rechts der IsarTU Muenchen Department of Nuclear Medicine Klinikum rechts der IsarTU Muenchen Department of Oncology Klinikum rechts der IsarTU Muenchen Department of Gastroenterology Klinikum rechts der IsarTU Muenchen Department of Radiation Oncology Klinikum rechts der IsarTU Muenchen

Since the introduction of multimodal therapy regimens,the prognosis of esophageal cancer has *** is undoubtedly true for patients with surgically resected tumors in the case of a response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy or *** conclusions can be drawn from this regarding the indication for perioperative therapies,the radicality of surgery,or the surgical ***,most of the current research in this f ield is aimed at the early identif ication of this subset of patients,at the beginning of,or even before,neoadjuvant *** staging tools have failed to predict responses to neoadjuvant ***,molecular imaging methods,*** emission tomography(PET)-scans,have shown promising results in the early selection of responders and non-responders during the course of neoadjuvant therapy,allowing physicians to alter the treatment plan *** more desirable is the identif ication of potential responders before the start of neoadjuvant *** molecular data on biopsy specimens demonstrate the possibility of early response prediction in these *** present the current knowledge on response evaluation and prediction in esophageal cancer and draw conclusions for future clinical practice and studies in this review.

关键词： Esophageal cancer Response prediction Individualized therapy

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海的女儿（中学版·第1级下） 1

Health economic evaluation of moist wound care in chronic cutaneous leishmaniasis ulcers in Afghanistan

丛书名：轻松英语名作欣赏

2007年

作者：（丹）安徒生（hans christian.Andersen）

本书是一个关于爱与理想的故事。生活在海底的人鱼公主一直向往着陆地上的世界和人类不灭的灵魂。在她15岁生日那天，她第一次来到海面，在暴风雨中救了一位溺水的王子，并深深地爱上了他。为了去到爱人身边，小人鱼向女巫求来药水，把... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9787560070124

本书是一个关于爱与理想的故事。生活在海底的人鱼公主一直向往着陆地上的世界和人类不灭的灵魂。在她15岁生日那天，她第一次来到海面，在暴风雨中救了一位溺水的王子，并深深地爱上了他。为了去到爱人身边，小人鱼向女巫求来药水，把自己变成了人类女孩的模样，却从此变成了哑巴，而且要每天忍受无尽的痛苦等。

关键词：英语汉语对照读物童话丹麦近代

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2018年第1期7卷 129-144页

作者： hans-christian.Stahl Faridullah Ahmadi Sami Mohammad Nahzat Heng-Jin Dong Kurt-Wilhelm Stahl Rainer Sauerborn Institute of Public Health University Hospital HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany Malaria and Leishmaniasis Centre Provincial Civil Balkh HospitalMazar-e-SharifAfghanistan National Malaria and Leishmaniasis Control Program Ministry of Public HealthKabulAfghanistan Center for Health Policy Studies School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina NGO Waisenmedizin e.V.–Promoting Access to Essential Medicine FreiburgGermany

Background:The present health economic evaluation in Afghanistan aims to support public health decision makers and health care managers to allocate resources efficiently to appropriate treatments for cutaneous leishmaniasis(CL)elicited by Leishmania tropica or Leishmania ***:A decision tree was used to analyse the cost and the effectiveness of two wound care regimens versus intra-lesional antimony in CL patients in *** were collected from a societal *** was measured in wound free *** incremental cost-effectiveness ratio(ICER)and incremental net monetary benefit(NMB)were *** model was parameterized with baseline parameters,sensitivity ranges,and parameter ***,the model was simulated and results were evaluated with deterministic and probability sensitivity *** outcomes were the efficiency of the regimens and a budget impact analysis in the context of ***:Average costs per patients were US$11(SE=0.016)(Group I:Intra-dermal Sodium Stibogluconate[IL SSG]),US$16(SE=7.58)(Group II:Electro-thermo-debridement[ETD]+Moist wound treatment[MWT])and US$25(SE=0.48)(Group III:MWT)in patients with a single chronic CL *** a societal perspective the budget impact analysis shows that the regimens’drug costs are lower than indirect disease *** effectiveness in wound free days are 177(SE=0.36)in Group II,147(SE=0.33)in Group III,and 129(SE=0.27)in Group *** ICER of Group II versus Group I was US$0.09 and Group III versus Group I US$0.77,which is very costeffective with a willingness-to-pay threshold of US$2 per wound free *** a Monte-Carlo probabilistic sensitivity analysis Group II was cost-effective in 80%of the cases starting at a willingness-to-pay of 80 cent per wound free ***:Group II provided the most cost-effective *** non-treatment alternative is not an option in the management of chronic CL *** of Group III should at le

关键词： Cutaneous leishmaniasis Wound healing Cost-effectiveness Sodium Stibogluconate Moist wound treatment

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Voxel-based analyses of magnetization transfer imaging of the brain in hepatic encephalopathy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第41期15卷 5157-5164页

作者： Falk R Miese hans-Jrg Wittsack Gerald Kircheis Arne Holstein christian.Mathys Ulrich Mdder Mathias Cohnen Institute of Radiology University Hospital Düsseldorf MNR Clinic Moorenstrasse 5 Düsseldorf 40225 Germany Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Infectious Diseases University Hospital Düsseldorf Moorenstrasse 5 Düsseldorf 40225 Germany

AIM: To evaluate the spatial distribution of cerebral abnormalities in cirrhotic subjects with and without hepatic encephalopathy (HE) found with magnetization transfer imaging (MTI).METHODS: Nineteen cirrhotic patients graded from neurologically normal to HE grade 2 and 18 healthy control subjects underwent magnetic resonance imaging. They gave institutional-review-board-approved written consent. Magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) maps were generated from MTI. We tested for significant differences compared to the control group using statistical non-parametric mapping (SnPM) for a voxelbased ***: The MTR of grey and white matter was lower in subjects with more severe HE. Changes were found in patients with cirrhosis without neurological defi cits in the basal ganglia and bilateral white matter. The loss in magnetization transfer increased in severity and spatial extent in patients with overt HE. Patients with HE grade 2 showed an MTR decrease in white and grey matter: the maximum loss of magnetization transfer effect was located in the basal ganglia [SnPM (pseudo-)t = 17.98, P = 0.0001].CONCLUSION: The distribution of MTR changes in HE points to an early involvement of basal ganglia and white matter in HE.

关键词： Brain Hepatic encephalopathy Magnetic resonance imaging Uver cirrhosis Magnetization transfer imaging

利用激光显微切割／压力弹射技术和纳流液相色谱／质谱／质谱联用系统(LC／MS／MS)对死后人脑组织中的蛋白质进行鉴定

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药物分析杂志 2004年第6期24卷 i001-i004页

作者： christian.Sauber Bernd Sgmüller Manuela Neumann hans A.Kretschmar 安捷伦科技 PALM显微激光科技慕尼黑路德维希-马克西米利安大学

大多数神经退化性疾病，例如帕金森氏症、阿滋海默症等的在分子层面的发病机理目前尚不清楚．大多数蛋白质的表达分析都是在完整组织均质化制备的样品的基础上完成的．用这种方法制备的样品，没有提供特定细胞类型的相关改变的信息．本... 详细信息

大多数神经退化性疾病，例如帕金森氏症、阿滋海默症等的在分子层面的发病机理目前尚不清楚．大多数蛋白质的表达分析都是在完整组织均质化制备的样品的基础上完成的．用这种方法制备的样品，没有提供特定细胞类型的相关改变的信息．本研究的目的在于检查用激光显微切割方法制备死后脑组织单细胞类型样品能否用于蛋白质表达分析．

关键词：激光显微切割压力弹射技术纳流液相色谱质谱 LC/MS/MS 死后人脑组织蛋白质鉴定

Growth and form of Quercus robur and Fraxinus excelsior respond distinctly different to initial growing space: results from 24-year-old Nelder experiments

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Journal of Forestry Research 2013年第1期24卷 1-14页

作者： christian.Kuehne Patrick Pyttel Edgar Kublin Jürgen Bauhus Institute of Silviculture University of FreiburgD-79085 Freiburg i.Br.Germany. Faculty of Forests and Forestry University of Applied Sciences Wei- henstephan-TriesdorfHans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 3D-85354 FreisingGermany Department of Biometry and Informatics Forest Research Station Baden-WürttembergPostfach 708D-79007 FreiburgGermany

Initial growing space is of critical importance to growth and quality development of individual trees. We investigated how mortality, growth （diameter at breast height, total height）, natural pruning （height to first dead and first live branch and branchiness） and stem and crown form of 24-year-old pedunculate oak （Quercus robur [L.]） and European ash （Fraxinus excelsior [L.]） were affected by initial spacing. Data were recorded from two replicate single-species Nelder wheels located in southern Germany with eight initial stocking regimes varying from 1,020 to 30,780 seedlings·ha？1. Mortality substantially decreased with increasing initial growing space but significantly differed among the two species, averaging 59% and 15% for oak and ash plots, respectively. In contrast to oak, the low self-thinning rate found in the ash plots over the investigated study period resulted in a high number of smaller intermediate or suppressed trees, eventually retarding individual tree as well as overall stand development. As a result, oak gained greater stem dimensions throughout all initial spacing regimes and the average height of ash significantly increased with initial growing space. The survival of lower crown class ashes also appeared to accelerate self-pruning dynamics. In comparison to oak, we observed less dead and live primary branches as well as a smaller number of epicormic shoots along the first 6 m of the lower stem of dominant and co-dominant ashes in all spacing regimes. Whereas stem form of both species was hardly affected by initial growing space, the percentage of brushy crowns significantly increased with initial spacing in oak and ash. Our findings suggest that initial stockings of ca. 12,000 seedlings per hectare in oak and 2,500 seedlings per hectare in ash will guarantee a sufficient number of at least 300 potential crop trees per hectare in pure oak and ash plantations at the end of the self-thinning phase, respectively. If the problem of epicormic shoots a

关键词： spacing trial stocking self-thinning intraspecific competition qualification spatially explicit modelling generalized additive model

Clinical characteristics and outcome of a cohort of 101 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2001年第2期7卷 208-215页

作者： christian.Rabe Tillmann Pilz Christoph Klostermann Marc Berna hans H.Schild Tilman Sauerbruch Wolfgang H.Caselmann Department of Medicine I Department of RadiologyUniversity of BonnGermany

AIM: To conduct a cohort study of 101 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) presenting to a tertiary care medical referral center in Germany between 1997 and 1999. METHODS AND RESULTS: Data were retrospectively analyzed by chart review. In 95 cases (72 males and 23 females) sufficient data were available for analysis. Twenty five (29%) of 85 patients were HBsAg or anti HBc positive, 21/85 (25%) were anti HCV positive, and 6/85 (7%) were positive for both HBV and HCV-markers. Age was significantly lower in HBV positive patients than in the other two groups. Thirty one (34%) of 90 patients had histories of alcohol abuse. In 79/94 (84%) patients, cirrhosis was diagnosed. Of these cirrhotic patients, 29/79 (37%) belonged to Child Pugh's group (CHILD) A, 32/79 (40%) to CHILD B, and 18/79 (23%) to CHILD C. AFP was elevated in 61/91 (67%) patients. A single tumor nodule was found in 38/94 (40%), more than one nodule in 31/94 (34%), and 25/94 (26%) had a diffusely infiltrating tumor, i.e. the tumor margins could not be seen on imaging procedures. Portal vein thrombosis was present in 19/94 (20%). Imaging data consistent with lymph node metastases were found in 10/92 (11%), while distant metastases were found in 8/93 (9%). According to Okuda 28/94 (30%) were grouped to stage I, 53/94 (56%) were grouped to stage II, and 13/94 (14%) were grouped to stage II. Survival data were available for 83 patients. The Kaplan-Meier estimate for median survival was 8 4 months. Factors influencing survival were the Okuda score, the presence of portal vein thrombosis, and the presence of ascites. The presence of non complicated liver cirrhosis by itself, distant metastases, or infection with hepatitis viruses did not influence survival. AFP positivity by itself did not influence survival, though patients with an AFP value greater than 100 microg/L did experience shortened survival. Treatment besides tamoxifen or supportive care was associated with prolonged survival. The influence of

关键词： Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Carcinoma, Hepatocellular Cohort Studies Female Germany Hepatitis B Hepatitis C Humans Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic Liver Neoplasms Male Middle Aged Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Retrospective Studies Risk Factors Survival Analysis