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Does social context affect boldness in juveniles？

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Current Zoology 2017年第6期63卷 639-645页

作者： Siobhan LOFTUS jost BORCHERDING Institute of Zoology of the University of Cologne Department of General Ecology & Limnology Ecological FieldStation Grietherbusch D-50923 Cologne Germany

Differences in boldness are common between populations or between related species and are discussed as part of individual coping style, personality, or behavioral syndrome. Boldness has been found to be dependent on experience, social, and environmental contexts. The major aim of the present study was to establish an experimental environment that would allow analyzing the risk-taking behavior of 2 competing invasive goby species. Neogobius melanostomus was more active in the absence of a predator Sander lucioperca than N. fluviatilis and clearly spent more time ＂swimming＂ and ＂feeding＂ than N. fluviatilis. In addition, N. melanostomus was always faster than N. fluviatilis both when leaving the shelter and reaching offered food. Based on the different behaviors recorded, species-specific boldness scores were established using a principal component analysis. Although there was no overall difference in boldness scores between the 2 species, both competitive conditions and the effect of the predator played significant roles as factors influencing boldness. Neogobius melanostomus was more affected by the presence/absence of the predator than the social circumstances. Neogobius fluviatilis, on the other hand, was more active and bolder in competitive situations. However, when alone, N. fluviatilis was rather inactive and displayed altogether shy behavior, independent of the presence/ absence of the predator. Thus, the study confirms the prediction that there are differences in behavior and behavioral plasticity, and therein predator-avoidance strategies, between ecologically similar species of goby living in sympatry. We argue that these differences may be related to differential habitat use of both invasive species that presently dominate the fish community in the Lower Rhine.

关键词： boldness score Neogobius fluviatilis Neogobius melanostomus predator-avoidance social environment.

Alternative wood treatment with blends of linseed oil,alcohols and pyrolysis oil

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Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2022年第4期7卷 278-287页

作者： jost Ruwoldt Kai Toven RISE PFI AS Høgskoleringen 6BTrondheim 7491Norway

Linseed oil is a common wood treatment agent,which is often blended with naphthenic oil during its *** this study,we developed new types of linseed oil blends,where the naphthenic oil was substituted with alcohols and pyrolysis *** miscibility tests revealed,linseed oil can be blended indefinitely with primary alcohols containing three carbon atoms or *** addition,kinetic stability of three-component-mixtures was found,which comprised linseed oil,alcohol and pyrolysis *** developed blends were further tested for their viscosity and rate of solvent *** last,trial impregnations of wood were done to test this new treatment *** uptake of treatment oil and the effect on water repellency varied,and substituting white spirit with propanol and pyrolysis oil showed *** latter were miscible with 50%(wt)linseed oil at concentrations of 37.5%1-or 2-propanol and 12.5%pyrolysis *** with the reference case,treatment with this agent markedly decreased the water-uptake of the *** study hence attributes great potential to the newly developed linseed oil blends,which may introduce additional product characteristics and generate value to byproducts via pyrolysis.

关键词： Wood treatment Wood impregnation Royal process Linseed oil treatment Pyrolysis oil

Floer Homology:From Generalized Morse–Smale Dynamical Systems to Forman’s Combinatorial Vector Fields

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Communications in Mathematics and Statistics 2024年第4期12卷 695-720页

作者： Marzieh Eidi Jürgen jost Max-Planck Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences LeipzigGermany Santa Fe Institute Santa FeNMUSA

We construct a Floer type boundary operator for generalised Morse–Smale dynamical systems on compact smooth manifolds by counting the number of suitable flow lines between closed(both homoclinic and periodic)orbits and isolated critical *** same principle works for the discrete situation of general combinatorial vector fields,defined by Forman,on CW *** can thus recover the Z2 homology of both smooth and discrete structures directly from the flow lines(V-paths)of our vector field.

关键词： field. Morse flow

Influence of temperature and pressure during thermoforming of softwood pulp

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Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2023年第4期8卷 408-420页

作者： Eva Pasquier Robert Skunde jost Ruwoldt RISE PFI AS Høgskoleringen 6BTrondheim 7491Norway TU-Berlin Institute for Polymer Technology and Polymer PhysicsErnst Reuter Platz 1Berlin 10587Germany

In this study,the influence of thermoforming conditions on the resulting material properties was investigated,which aimed at developing advanced wood-fiber-based materials for the replacement of fossil *** bleached softwood pulps were studied,i.e.,northern bleached softwood Kraft pulp(NBSK)and chemi-thermomechanical softwood pulp(CTMP).The thermoforming conditions were varied between 2–100 MPa and 150–200℃,while pressing sheets of 500 g/m^(2)for 10 min to represent thin-walled packaging more *** our results showed,the temperature had a more pronounced effect on the CTMP substrates than on the Kraft *** was explained by the greater abundance of lignin and hemicelluloses,while fibrillar dimensions and the fines content may play a role in ***,the CTMP exhibited an optimum in terms of tensile strength at intermediate thermoforming *** effect was attributed to two counteracting effects:1)Improved fiber adhesion due to enhanced densification,and 2)embrittlement caused by the loss of *** temperatures likely softened the lignin,enabling fiber collapse and a tighter *** the Kraft substrates,the tensile strength increased linearly with *** pulps showed reduced wetting at elevated thermoforming temperature and pressure,which was attributed to hornification and densification ***,the effect of temperature was again more pronounced for CTMP than for the Kraft *** was concluded that the thermoforming temperature and pressure strongly affected the properties of the final *** chemical composition of the pulps will distinctly affect their response to thermoforming,which could be useful for tailoring cellulose-based replacements for packaging products.

关键词： Thermoforming Molded pulp Fiber-based materials Softwood pulp CTMP NBSK

Facing different predators： adaptiveness of behavioral and morphological traits under predation

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Current Zoology 2017年第3期63卷 249-257页

作者： Martina HEYNEN Nils BUNNEFELD jost BORCHERDING Department of General Ecology and Limnology Ecological Field Station Grietherbusch Zoological Institute of the University of Cologne Rees Germany Department of Chemistry Umea University Umea Sweden Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences Umea University Umea Sweden Department of Life Sciences Biological and Environmental Sciences School of Natural Sciences University of Stirling Stirling UK

Predation is thought to be one of the main structuring forces in animal communities. However, se- lective predation is often measured on isolated traits in response to a single predatory species, but only rarely are selective forces on several traits quantified or even compared between different predators naturally occurring in the same system. In the present study, we therefore measured be- havioral and morphological traits in young-of-the-year Eurasian perch Perca fluviatilis and com- pared their selective values in response to the 2 most common predators, adult perch and pike Esox lucius. Using mixed effects models and model averaging to analyze our data, we quantified and compared the selectivity of the 2 predators on the different morphological and behavioral traits. We found that selection on the behavioral traits was higher than on morphological traits and perch predators preyed overall more selectively than pike predators. Pike tended to positively se- lect shallow bodied and nonvigilant individuals （i.e. individuals not performing predator inspec- tion）. In contrast, perch predators selected mainly for bolder juvenile perch （i.e. individuals spend- ing more time in the open, more active）, which was most important. Our results are to the best of our knowledge the first that analyzed behavioral and morphological adaptations of juvenile perch facing 2 different predation strategies. We found that relative specific predation intensity for the di- vergent traits differed between the predators, providing some additional ideas why juvenile perch display such a high degree of phenotypic plasticity.

关键词： behavior morphological variation Perca f/uviatilis perch pike predator-specific defenses selective predation

A Generalized Discrete Morse-Floer Theory

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Communications in Mathematics and Statistics 2019年第3期7卷 225-252页

作者： Jürgen jost Sylvia Yaptieu Max Planck Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences Inselstrasse 2204103 LeipzigGermany Santa Fe Institute for the Sciences of Complexity Santa FeNM 87501USA

Forman has developed a version of discrete Morse theory that can be understood in terms of arrow patterns on a(simplicial,polyhedral or cellular)complex without closed orbits,where each cell may either have no arrows,receive a single arrow from one of its facets,or conversely,send a single arrow into a cell of which it is a *** following arrows,one can then construct a natural Floer-type boundary ***,we develop such a construction for arrow patterns where each cell may support several outgoing or incoming arrows(but not both),again in the absence of closed *** main technical achievement is the construction of a boundary operator that squares to 0 and therefore recovers the homology of the underlying complex.

关键词： CW complex Boundary operator Floer theory Poincarépolynomial Betti number Discrete Morsetheory Discrete Morse-Floertheory Conleytheory

Bell inequality,separability and entanglement distillation

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2011年第10期56卷 945-954页

作者： LIMing FEI ShaoMing LI-jost XianQing College of Mathematics and Computational Science China University of Petroleum Dongying 257061 China School of Mathematical Sciences Capital Normal University Beijing 100048 China Max-Planck-lnstitute for Mathematics in the Sciences Leipzig 04103 Germany Department of Mathematics Hainan Normal University Haikou 571158 China

In this review,we introduce well-known Bell inequalities,the relations between the Bell inequality and quantum separability,and the entanglement distillation of quantum *** is shown that any pure entangled quantum state violates one of Bell-like ***,quantum states that violate any one of these Bell-like inequalities are shown to be *** Bell inequalities that detect more entangled mixed states are also introduced.

关键词：贝尔不等式可分性纠缠蒸馏量子态混合态

Oxygen tolerance capacity of upflow anaerobic solid-state(UASS) with anaerobic filter(AF) system

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第7期28卷 200-206页

作者： Yao Meng Carsten jost Jan Mumme Kaijun Wang Bernd Linke State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University Department Bioengineering Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering UK Biochar Centre School of Geo Sciences University of Edinburgh

In order to investigate the oxygen tolerance capacity of upflow anaerobic solid-state（UASS）with anaerobic filter（AF） system, the effect of microaeration on thermophilic anaerobic digestion of maize straw was investigated under batch conditions and in the UASS with AF system. Aeration intensities of 0–431 m L O2/gvswere conducted as pretreatment under batch conditions. Aeration pretreatment obviously enhanced anaerobic digestion and an aeration intensity of 431 m L O2/gvsincreased the methane yield by 82.2%. Aeration intensities of 0–355 m L O2/gvswere conducted in the process liquor circulation of the UASS with AF system. Dissolved oxygen（DO） of UASS and AF reactors kept around 1.39 ±0.27 and 0.99 ± 0.38 mg/L, respectively. p H was relatively stable around 7.11 ± 0.04. Volatile fatty acids and soluble chemical oxygen demand concentration in UASS reactor were higher than those in AF reactor. Methane yield of the whole system was almost stable at 85 ± 7 m L/gvs as aeration intensity increased step by step. The UASS with AF system showed good oxygen tolerance capacity.

关键词： Anaerobic digestion Oxygen tolerance capacity UASS Maize straw Microaeration Solid-state

Bipartite Bell Inequality and Maximal Violationt

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2011年第3期55卷 418-420页

作者： LIMing FEI Shao-Ming Xian-Qing Li-jost College of Mathematics and Computational Science China University of Petroleum Dongying 257061 China School of Mathematical Sciences Capital Normal University Beijing 100048 China Max-Planck-Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences Leipzig 04103 Germany Department of Mathematics Hainan Normal University Haikou 571185 China

We present new bell inequalities for arbitrary dimensional bipartite quantum systems. The maximal violation of the inequalities is computed. The Bell inequality is capable of detecting quantum entanglement of both pur... 详细信息

关键词： entanglement bipartite system Bell inequality