Facing different predators： adaptiveness of behavioral and morphological traits under predation

作     者：Martina HEYNEN Nils BUNNEFELD Jost BORCHERDING 

作者机构：Department of General Ecology and Limnology Ecological Field Station Grietherbusch Zoological Institute of the University of Cologne Rees Germany Department of Chemistry Umea University Umea Sweden Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences Umea University Umea Sweden Department of Life Sciences Biological and Environmental Sciences School of Natural Sciences University of Stirling Stirling UK 

出 版 物：《Current Zoology》 (动物学报（英文版）)

年 卷 期：2017年第63卷第3期

页      面：249-257页

核心收录：

学科分类：02[经济学] 0202[经济学-应用经济学] 020208[经济学-统计学] 07[理学] 070104[理学-应用数学] 0714[理学-统计学（可授理学、经济学学位）] 070103[理学-概率论与数理统计] 0701[理学-数学] 

基　　金：financially supported by the German Research Foundation to JB 

主　　题：behavior morphological variation Perca f/uviatilis perch pike predator-specific defenses selective predation 

摘      要：Predation is thought to be one of the main structuring forces in animal communities. However, se- lective predation is often measured on isolated traits in response to a single predatory species, but only rarely are selective forces on several traits quantified or even compared between different predators naturally occurring in the same system. In the present study, we therefore measured be- havioral and morphological traits in young-of-the-year Eurasian perch Perca fluviatilis and com- pared their selective values in response to the 2 most common predators, adult perch and pike Esox lucius. Using mixed effects models and model averaging to analyze our data, we quantified and compared the selectivity of the 2 predators on the different morphological and behavioral traits. We found that selection on the behavioral traits was higher than on morphological traits and perch predators preyed overall more selectively than pike predators. Pike tended to positively se- lect shallow bodied and nonvigilant individuals （i.e. individuals not performing predator inspec- tion）. In contrast, perch predators selected mainly for bolder juvenile perch （i.e. individuals spend- ing more time in the open, more active）, which was most important. Our results are to the best of our knowledge the first that analyzed behavioral and morphological adaptations of juvenile perch facing 2 different predation strategies. We found that relative specific predation intensity for the di- vergent traits differed between the predators, providing some additional ideas why juvenile perch display such a high degree of phenotypic plasticity.