Taking central nervous system regenerative therapies to the clinic: curing rodents versus nonhuman primates versus humans

作     者：Magdalini Tsintou Kyriakos Dalamagkas Nikos Makris Magdalini Tsintou;Kyriakos Dalamagkas;Nikos Makris

作者机构：Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology ServicesCenter for Neural Systems InvestigationsCenter for Morphometric AnalysisAthinoula A.Martinos Center for Biomedical ImagingMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Department of PsychiatryPsychiatry Neuroimaging LaboratoryBrigham and Women’s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA University College of London Division of Surgery&Interventional ScienceCenter for Nanotechnology&Regenerative MedicineUniversity College LondonLondonUK Department of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTXUSA The Institute for Rehabilitation and Research Memorial Hermann Research CenterThe Institute for Rehabilitation and Research Memorial Hermann HospitalHoustonTXUSA Department of Anatomy&NeurobiologyBoston University School of MedicineBostonMAUSA 

出 版 物：《Neural Regeneration Research》 (中国神经再生研究（英文版）)

年 卷 期：2020年第15卷第3期

页      面：425-437页

核心收录：

学科分类：0710[理学-生物学] 1002[医学-临床医学] 1001[医学-基础医学(可授医学、理学学位)] 100214[医学-肿瘤学] 10[医学] 

基　　金：supported by Onassis Foundation(to MT) the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health(NCCIH),No.R21AT008865(to NM) National Institute of Aging(NIA)/National Institute of Mental Health(NIMH),No.R01AG042512(to NM) 

主　　题：animal models central nervous system regeneration clinical translation exosomes hydrogels neural tissue engineering nonhuman primates spinal cord injury stem cells stroke 

摘      要：The central nervous system is known to have limited regenerative capacity.Not only does this halt the human body’s reparative processes after central nervous system lesions,but it also impedes the establishment of effective and safe therapeutic options for such patients.Despite the high prevalence of stroke and spinal cord injury in the general population,these conditions remain incurable and place a heavy burden on patients’families and on society more broadly.Neuroregeneration and neural engineering are diverse biomedical fields that attempt reparative treatments,utilizing stem cells-based strategies,biologically active molecules,nanotechnology,exosomes and highly tunable biodegradable systems(e.g.,certain hydrogels).Although there are studies demonstrating promising preclinical results,safe clinical translation has not yet been accomplished.A key gap in clinical translation is the absence of an ideal animal or ex vivo model that can perfectly simulate the human microenvironment,and also correspond to all the complex pathophysiological and neuroanatomical factors that affect functional outcomes in humans after central nervous system injury.Such an ideal model does not currently exist,but it seems that the nonhuman primate model is uniquely qualified for this role,given its close resemblance to humans.This review considers some regenerative therapies for central nervous system repair that hold promise for future clinical translation.In addition,it attempts to uncover some of the main reasons why clinical translation might fail without the implementation of nonhuman primate models in the research pipeline.