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Infanticide in golden snub-nosed monkeys with multilevel society

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Current Zoology 2024年第2期70卷 273-275页

作者： Wei Li Shixuan Dong Fei Niu Nianlong Li Ziyi Su Chengliang Wang Kang Huang Haitao Zhao Ruliang Pan Pei Zhang Baoguo Li Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation College of Life SciencesNorthwest UniversityXi'an 710069China Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation Shaanxi Institute of ZoologyXi'an 710032China School of Anatomy Physiology and Human BiologyThe University of Western AustraliaWestern Australia 6907Australia International Centre of Biodiversity and Primate Conservation Dali UniversityDali 671003China Division of ExpressiveTherapies.Lesley University.Cambridae.MA02138.USA

Infanticide,killing unweaned offspring in conspecifics,occurs widely among mammals,such as rodents,ungulates,and carnivores,especially in primates(Lukas and Huchard 2014).Such scenarios are often triggered by intruders that have replaced the former dominant males in nonhuman primates(Borries 1997).It has widely been viewed that infanticide is one of the solutions of sexually driven evolutionary selection:males kill infants to end lactational amenorrhea of the victim's mothers,forcing them to return to estrus and providing infanticidal males with the opportunities to sire their new offspring(Hrdy 1979).There is a broad spectrum regarding the patterns and mechanisms causing such events,referring to alternative breeding behaviors and mating systems-monogamy,polyandry,polygyny,and promiscuity(Qi et al.2020).

关键词： primates breeding mother

Achievements and challenges of primate conservation in China

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Zoological Research(Diversity and Conservation) 2024年第1期1卷 66-74页

作者： Bao-Guo Li He Zhang Ming Li Xue-Long Jiang Peng-Fei Fan Jiang Zhou Song-Tao Guo Xiao-Guang Qi Jin-Hua Li Ji-Qi Lu Dong-Po Xia Liang-Wei Cui Zuo-Fu Xiang Qi-Hai Zhou Zhi-Pang Huang Cheng-Ming Huang Wen Xiao Hui-Jian Hu Zhi-Xin Zhou Ming-Yong Chen Da-Yong Li Peng-Lai Fan Yin Yang Ru-Liang Pan Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation College of Life SciencesNorthwest UniversityXi’anShaanxi 710069China Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology College of ForestryJiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchangJiangxi 330045China Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650201China School of Life Sciences Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong 510275China School of Karst Science Guizhou Normal UniversityGuiyangGuizhou 550025China International Collaborative Research Center for Huangshan Biodiversity and Tibetan Macaque Behavioral Ecology Anhui UniversityHefeiAnhui 230601China Institute of Biodiversity and Ecology Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan 450001China Key Laboratory for Conserving Wildlife with Small Populations in Yunnan Southwest Forestry UniversityKunmingYunnan 650224China College of Life Sciences and Technology Central South University of Forestry and TechnologyChangshaHunan 410004China Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection(Ministry of Education) Guangxi Normal UniversityGuilinGuangxi 541004China International Centre of Biodiversity and Primate Conservation Centre Dali UniversityDaliYunnan 671003China Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization Institute of ZoologyGuangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhouGuangdong 510663China School of Life Sciences Yunnan UniversityKunmingYunnan 650500China Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation(Ministry of Education) China West Normal UniversityNanchongSichuan 637001China Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security Yunnan UniversityKunmingYunnan 650500China School of Human Sciences The University of Western AustraliaPerthWA 6009Australia

The dual impact of climate change and human activities has precipitated a sharp decline in primate biodiversity globally.China is home to the most diverse primate species in the Northern hemisphere,which face severe ecological threats due to the expansion of modern agriculture,extensive exploitation and consumption of natural resources,and excessive land development during its transition from an agricultural to a modern society.In response,China has implemented various ecological conservation measures,including habitat restoration and protection.These efforts have made substantial strides in biodiversity conservation,with certain regions witnessing an increase in primate populations.In the current study,we conducted a systematic review of historical documents and field research data related to Chinese primates,evaluating the endangered status of primate species in China.Despite improvements in the habitats of most primate species and some population growth,many species still face severe threats,including declining and small populations.Species such as the Myanmar snub-nosed monkey(Rhinopithecus strykeri),eastern black crested gibbon(Nomascus nasutus),and Hainan gibbon(N.hainanus)remain particularly vulnerable due to their limited distribution ranges and extremely small populations.Insufficient scientific data,fragmented information,and not enough studies in conservation biology further compound the challenges.Moreover,there is a notable lack of detailed population monitoring data for species such as the Bengal slow loris(Nycticebus bengalensis),pygmy slow loris(N.pygmaeus),Indochinese gray langur(Trachypithecus crepusculus),Shortridge’s langur(T.shortridgei),and capped langur(T.pileatus),which hinders the development of practical and targeted conservation management strategies.Therefore,for national biodiversity conservation,there is an urgent need for specialized primate surveys,enhancing habitat protection and restoration,and increasing focus on cross-border conservation strategies and regional cooperation.Ther

关键词： primates Biodiversity Habitat fragmentation Habitat restoration Conservation strategies

Conserved sequences identify the closest living relatives of primates

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Zoological Research 2019年第6期40卷 532-540页

作者： Mei-Ling Zhang Ming-Li Li Adeola Oluwakemi Ayoola Robert W. Murphy Dong-Dong Wu Yong Shao Department of Acute Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention Yunnan Provincial Centre for Disease Control and PreventionKunming Yunnan 650022China State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming Yunnan 650223China Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Biology Royal Ontario MuseumToronto M5S 2C6Canada Kunming College of Life Science University of the Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming Yunnan 650223China

Elucidating the closest living relatives of extant primates is essential for fully understanding important biological processes related to the genomic and phenotypic evolution of primates, especially of humans. However, the phylogenetic placement of these primate relatives remains controversial, with three primary hypotheses currently espoused based on morphological and molecular evidence. In the present study, we used two algorithms to analyze differently partitioned genomic datasets consisting of 45.4 Mb of conserved non-coding elements and 393 kb of concatenated coding sequences to test these hypotheses. We assessed different genomic histories and compared with other molecular studies found solid support for colugos being the closest living relatives of primates. Our phylogeny showed Cercopithecinae to have low levels of nucleotide divergence, especially for Papionini, and gibbons to have a high rate of divergence. The MCMCtree comprehensively updated divergence dates of early evolution of Primatomorpha and primates.

关键词： Phylogeny Colugos primates Conserved non-coding elements Divergence time

Molecular and evolutionary analyses of formyl peptide receptors suggest the absence of VNO-specific FPRs in primates

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2010年第12期37卷 771-778页

作者： Hui Yang Peng Shi State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650223China

Formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) were observed to expand in rodents and were recently suggested as candidate vomeronasal chemo-sensory receptors. Since vomeronasal chemosensory receptors usually underwent positive selection and evolved concordantly with the vomeronasal organ (VNO) morphology, we surveyed FPRs in primates in which VNO morphology is greatly diverse and thus it would provide us a clearer view of VNO-FPRs evolution. By screening available primate genome sequences, we obtained the FPR repertoires in representative primate species. As a result, we did not find FPR family size expansion in primates. Further analyses showed no evolution-ary force variance between primates with or without VNO structure, which indicated that there was no functional divergence among pri-mates FPRs. Our results suggest that primates lack the VNO-specific FPRs and the FPR expansion is not a common phenomenon in mammals outside rodent lineage, regardless of VNO complexity.

关键词： formyl peptide receptor vomeronasal chemosensory receptor primates

Taking central nervous system regenerative therapies to the clinic: curing rodents versus nonhuman primates versus humans

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第3期15卷 425-437页

作者： Magdalini Tsintou Kyriakos Dalamagkas Nikos Makris Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology Services Center for Neural Systems InvestigationsCenter for Morphometric AnalysisAthinoula A.Martinos Center for Biomedical ImagingMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Department of Psychiatry Psychiatry Neuroimaging LaboratoryBrigham and Women’s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA University College of London Division of Surgery&Interventional Science Center for Nanotechnology&Regenerative MedicineUniversity College LondonLondonUK Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation The University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTXUSA The Institute for Rehabilitation and Research Memorial Hermann Research Center The Institute for Rehabilitation and Research Memorial Hermann HospitalHoustonTXUSA Department of Anatomy&Neurobiology Boston University School of MedicineBostonMAUSA

The central nervous system is known to have limited regenerative capacity.Not only does this halt the human body’s reparative processes after central nervous system lesions,but it also impedes the establishment of effective and safe therapeutic options for such patients.Despite the high prevalence of stroke and spinal cord injury in the general population,these conditions remain incurable and place a heavy burden on patients’families and on society more broadly.Neuroregeneration and neural engineering are diverse biomedical fields that attempt reparative treatments,utilizing stem cells-based strategies,biologically active molecules,nanotechnology,exosomes and highly tunable biodegradable systems(e.g.,certain hydrogels).Although there are studies demonstrating promising preclinical results,safe clinical translation has not yet been accomplished.A key gap in clinical translation is the absence of an ideal animal or ex vivo model that can perfectly simulate the human microenvironment,and also correspond to all the complex pathophysiological and neuroanatomical factors that affect functional outcomes in humans after central nervous system injury.Such an ideal model does not currently exist,but it seems that the nonhuman primate model is uniquely qualified for this role,given its close resemblance to humans.This review considers some regenerative therapies for central nervous system repair that hold promise for future clinical translation.In addition,it attempts to uncover some of the main reasons why clinical translation might fail without the implementation of nonhuman primate models in the research pipeline.

关键词： animal models central nervous system regeneration clinical translation exosomes hydrogels neural tissue engineering nonhuman primates spinal cord injury stem cells stroke

Cryptanalysis of primates

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2020年第1期63卷 130-139页

作者： Yanbin LI Meiqin WANG Wenqing LIU Wei WANG Key Laboratory of Cryptologic Technology and Information Security Ministry of EducationShandong University Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computer Networks

primates is a family of authenticated encryption design submitted to competition for authenticated encryption: security, applicability, and robustness. The three modes of operation in primates family are: APE, HANUMAN, GIBBON with security levels: 80, 120 bits. APE is robust despite the nonce misusing. In this study, we revise the algebraic model and find new integral distinguishers for both PRIMATE permutation and its inverse permutation. Moreover, we construct a zero-sum distinguisher for full12-round PRIMATE-80/120 permutation with the 2;/2;complexity, improving over previous work. We also perform an integral attack on 8-round finalization of APE-80/120 with 2;chosen messages. The key recovery process is optimized using the FFT technique presented by Todo and Aoki. Our work is the best attack against APE, demonstrating the practical attack on 8-round finalization of APE-80. The new integral distinguishers apply to create forgeries on 5/6-round finalization of APE and HANUMAN that require2;/2;chosen messages, which is the first forgery attack against APE and HANUMAN.

关键词： primates APE HANUMAN integral distinguisher key recovery attack forgery

Global view on virus infection in non-human primates and implications for public health and wildlife conservation

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Zoological Research 2021年第5期42卷 626-632页

作者： Zhi-Jin Liu Xue-Kun Qian Min-Heng Hong Jia-Li Zhang Da-Yong Li Tian-Han Wang Zuo-Min Yang Li-Ye Zhang Zi-Ming Wang Hua-Jian NieKe-Yue Fan Xiong-Fei Zhang Meng-Meng Chen Wei-Lai Sha Christian Roos Ming Li College of Life Sciences Capital Normal UniversityBeijing 100048China College of Life Sciences Hebei UniversityBaodingHebei 071002China CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of ZoologyBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China College of Life Sciences China West Normal UniversityNanchongSichuan 637009China College of Life Sciences Qufu Normal UniversityQufuShandong 273100China Primate Genetics Laboratory German Primate CenterLeibniz Institute for Primate ResearchGoettingen 37077Germany State Key Laboratory of Mycology Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Gene Bank of primates German Primate CenterLeibniz Institute for Primate ResearchGoettingen 37077Germany Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650223China

Viruses can be transmitted from animals to humans(and vice versa)and across animal species.As such,host-virus interactions and transmission have attracted considerable attention.Non-human primates(NHPs),our closest evolutionary relatives,are susceptible to human viruses and certain pathogens are known to circulate between humans and NHPs.Here,we generated global statistics on virus infections in NHPs(VI-NHPs)based on a literature search and public data mining.In total,140 NHP species from 12 families are reported to be infected by 186 DNA and RNA virus species,68.8%of which are also found in humans,indicating high potential for crossing species boundaries.

关键词： species. primates attention

Seasonal changes in the parasite prevalence of a small Malagasy lemur species (Lepilemur edwardsi)

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Integrative Zoology 2023年第3期18卷 427-439页

作者： Janina BETHGE Jean Claude RAZAFIMAMPIANDRA Arne WULFF Kathrin H.DAUSMANN Institute of Zoology Functional EcologyUniversität HamburgHamburgGermany Mention Zoologie et BiodiversitéAnimale Facultédes SciencesUniversitéd’AntananarivoAntananarivoMadagascar

Parasitic infections can impact theﬁtness of individuals and can have inﬂuence on animals’population dynamics.An individuals’parasite prevalence often changes depending on external or seasonal changes,for example,rainfall and ambient temperatures,but also on internal changes,for example,changes in body condition.In this study we aimed to identify the environmental factors that may inﬂuence the intestinal parasite and ectoparasite prevalence of the folivorous Malagasy primate species,Lepilemur edwardsi,living in a seasonal dry deciduous forest.Species living in this habitat have to adapt to seasonal changes of ambient temperature,with almost no precipitation during the dry season and hence strongﬂuctuations of resource availability throughout the year.We sampled the feces and ectoparasites of L.edwardsi throughout the year.Intestinal parasite prevalence increased from the wet to the dry season and was highest in the late dry season,which might be due to the accompanying decrease in diet quality.Conversely,ectoparasite prevalence decreased in the dry season,presumably due to the prevailing unfavorable environmental conditions for the development of ectoparasites(i.e.,mites and ticks).Paired with the higher resting metabolism and stress level of L.edwardsi during the late dry season,it seems that this species may struggle when dry seasons intensify in its habitat.

关键词： ectoparasites intestinal parasites Madagascar primates seasonality

Collective Computation,Information Flow,and the Emergence of Hunter-Gatherer Small-Worlds

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Journal of Social Computing 2022年第1期3卷 18-37页

作者： Marcus J.Hamilton the Department of Anthropology University of Texas at San AntonioSan AntonioTX 78249USA.

Two key features of human sociality are anatomically complex brains with neuron-dense cerebral cortices,and the propensity to form complex social networks with non-kin.Complex brains and complex social networks facilitate flows of fitness-enhancing energy and information at multiple scales of social organization.Here,we consider how these flows interact to shape the emergence of macroscopic regularities in hunter-gatherer macroecology relative to other mammals and non-human primates.Collective computation is the processing of information by complex adaptive systems to generate inferences in order to solve adaptive problems.In hunter-gatherer societies the adaptive problem is to resolve uncertainty in generative models used to predict complex environments in order to maximize inclusive fitness.The macroecological solution is to link complex brains in social networks to form collective brains that perform collective computations.By developing theory and analyzing data,the author shows hunter-gatherers bands of~16 people,or~4 co-residing families,form the largest collective brains of any social mammal.Moreover,because individuals,families,and bands interact at multiple time scales,these fission-fusion dynamics lead to the emergence of the macroscopic regularities in hunter-gatherer macroecology we observe in cross-cultural data.These results show how computation is distributed across spatially-extended social networks forming decentralized knowledge systems characteristic of hunter-gatherer societies.The flow of information at scales far beyond daily interactions leads to the emergence of small-worlds where highly clustered local interactions are embedded within much larger,but sparsely connected multilevel metapopulations.

关键词： complex adaptive systems hierarchically modular networks collective brains macroecology allometry mammals primates