tRNA cleavage: a new insight

作     者：Sherif Rashad Kuniyasu Niizuma Teiji Tominaga Sherif Rashad;Kuniyasu Niizuma;Teiji Tominaga

作者机构：Department of NeurosurgeryTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan Department of Neurosurgical Engineering and Translational NeuroscienceTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan Department of Neurosurgical Engineering and Translational NeuroscienceGraduate School of Biomedical EngineeringTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan 

出 版 物：《Neural Regeneration Research》 (中国神经再生研究（英文版）)

年 卷 期：2020年第15卷第1期

页      面：47-52页

核心收录：

学科分类：0710[理学-生物学] 1002[医学-临床医学] 1001[医学-基础医学(可授医学、理学学位)] 100214[医学-肿瘤学] 10[医学] 

主　　题：angiogenin apoptosis cell stress RNA modification stress granules stroke tiRNA translation repression tRNA tRNA cleavage 

摘      要：Over the past decades,tRNA was found to be a rich hub of RNA modifications such as 1-methyladenosine and 5-methycytosine modifications and others,holding more than half of all modifications occurring in RNA molecules.Moreover,tRNA was discovered to be a source of various small noncoding RNA species,such as the stress induced angiogenin cleaved tRNA halves(tiRNA)or the miRNA like tRNA derived fragments.tRNA cleavage under stress was fist discovered in bacteria and later was found to be conserved across different species,including mammals.Under cellular stress conditions,tRNA undergoes conformational changes and angiogenin cleaves it into 3′and 5′halves.5′tiRNA halves were shown to repress protein translations.tRNA cleavage is thought of to be a cytoprotective mechanism by which cells evade apoptosis,however some data hints to the opposite;that tiRNA are cytotoxic or at least related to apoptosis initiation.tRNA cleavage also was shown to be affected by tRNA modifications via different enzymes in the cytosol and mitochondria.In this review,we will highlight the biology of tRNA cleavage,show the evidence of it being cytoprotective or a marker of cell death and shed a light on its role in disease models and human diseases as well as possible future directions in this field of RNA research.