Pancreatic stellate cell: Pandora's box for pancreatic disease biology

作     者：Ratnakar R Bynigeri Aparna Jakkampudi Ramaiah Jangala Chivukula Subramanyam Mitnala Sasikala G Venkat Rao D Nageshwar Reddy Rupjyoti Talukdar 

作者机构：Institute of Basic SciencesAsian Healthcare FoundationHyderabad 500082India Department of Medical GastroenterologyAsian Institute of GastroenterologyHyderabad 500082India Department of Surgical GastroenterologyAsian Institute of GastroenterologyHyderabad 500082India 

出 版 物：《World Journal of Gastroenterology》 (世界胃肠病学杂志（英文版）)

年 卷 期：2017年第23卷第3期

页      面：382-405页

核心收录：

学科分类：1002[医学-临床医学] 100201[医学-内科学(含：心血管病、血液病、呼吸系病、消化系病、内分泌与代谢病、肾病、风湿病、传染病)] 10[医学] 

主　　题：Pancreatic stellate cells Pancreatic fibrosis Pancreatic cancer stroma Physiological functions Pancreatic stellate cells-cancer-stromal interactions Therapeutic targets 

摘      要：Pancreatic stellate cells(PSCs) were identified in the early 1980 s, but received much attention after 1998 when the methods to isolate and culture them from murine and human sources were developed. PSCs contribute to a small proportion of all pancreatic cells under physiological condition, but are essential for maintaining the normal pancreatic architecture. Quiescent PSCs are characterized by the presence of vitamin A laden lipid droplets. Upon PSC activation, these perinuclear lipid droplets disappear from the cytosol, attain a myofibroblast like phenotype and expresses the activation marker, alpha smooth muscle actin. PSCs maintain their activated phenotype via an autocrine loop involving different cytokines and contribute to progressive fibrosis in chronic pancreatitis(CP) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC). Several pathways(e.g., JAK-STAT, Smad, Wnt signaling, Hedgehog etc.), transcription factors and mi RNAs have been implicated in the inflammatory and profibrogenic function of PSCs. The role of PSCs goes much beyond fibrosis/desmoplasia in PDAC. It is now shown that PSCs are involved in significant crosstalk between the pancreatic cancer cells and the cancer stroma. These interactions result in tumour progression, metastasis, tumour hypoxia, immune evasion and drug resistance. This is the rationale for therapeutic preclinical and clinical trials that have targeted PSCs and the cancer stroma.