Skeletal muscle mitochondrial health and spinal cord injury

作     者：Laura C O'Brien Ashraf S Gorgey 

作者机构：Spinal Cord Injury and Disorders Service Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center Department of Physiology and Biophysics Virginia Commonwealth University Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Virginia Commonwealth University 

出 版 物：《World Journal of Orthopedics》 (世界骨科杂志（英文版）)

年 卷 期：2016年第7卷第10期

页      面：628-637页

学科分类：1002[医学-临床医学] 100210[医学-外科学(含：普外、骨外、泌尿外、胸心外、神外、整形、烧伤、野战外)] 10[医学] 

主　　题：Mitochondria Spinal cord injuries Body composition Diabetes mellitus Obesity Metabolism 

摘      要：Mitochondria are the main source of cellular energy production and are dynamic organelles that undergo biogenesis, remodeling, and degradation. Mitochondrial dysfunction is observed in a number of disease states including acute and chronic central or peripheral nervous system injury by traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury(SCI), and neurodegenerative disease as well as in metabolic disturbances such as insulin resistance, type Ⅱ diabetes and obesity. Mitochondrial dysfunction is most commonly observed in high energy requiring tissues like the brain and skeletal muscle. In persons with chronic SCI, changes to skeletal muscle may include remarkable atrophy and conversion of muscle fiber type from oxidative to fast glycolytic, combined with increased infiltration of intramuscular adipose tissue. These changes contribute to a proinflammatory environment, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. The loss of metabolically active muscle combined with inactivity predisposes individuals with SCI to type Ⅱ diabetes and obesity. The contribution of skeletal muscle mitochondrial density and electron transport chain activity to the development of the aforementioned comorbidities following SCI is unclear. A better understanding of the mechanisms involved in skeletal muscle mitochondrial dynamics is imperative to designing and testing effective treatments for this growing population. The current editorial will review ways to study mitochondrial function and the importance of improving skeletal muscle mitochondrial health in clinical populations with a special focus on chronic SCI.