Noninvasive imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma: From diagnosis to prognosis
Noninvasive imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma: From diagnosis to prognosis作者机构：Department of Radiology Sichuan University West China Hospital
出 版 物：《World Journal of Gastroenterology》 (世界胃肠病学杂志（英文版）)
年 卷 期：2018年第24卷第22期
页 面：2348-2362页
核心收录：
学科分类：1002[医学-临床医学] 100201[医学-内科学(含：心血管病、血液病、呼吸系病、消化系病、内分泌与代谢病、肾病、风湿病、传染病)] 10[医学]
基 金：Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81471658 Science and Technology Support Program of Sichuan Province,No.2017SZ0003
主 题：Magnetic resonance imaging Surveillance Computed tomography Staging Ultrasound Guidelines Diagnosis Hepatocellular carcinoma Prognosis
摘 要：Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer and a major public health problem worldwide. Hepatocarcinogenesis is a complex multistep process at molecular, cellular, and histologic levels with key alterations that can be revealed by noninvasive imaging modalities. Therefore, imaging techniques play pivotal roles in the detection, characterization, staging, surveillance, and prognosis evaluation of HCC. Currently, ultrasound is the first-line imaging modality for screening and surveillance purposes. While based on conclusive enhancement patterns comprising arterial phase hyperenhancement and portal venous and/or delayed phase wash-out, contrast enhanced dynamic computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) are the diagnostic tools for HCC without requirements for histopathologic confirmation. Functional MRI techniques, including diffusion-weighted imaging, MRI with hepatobiliary contrast agents, perfusion imaging, and magnetic resonance elastography, show promise in providing further important information regarding tumor biological behaviors. In addition, evaluation of tumor imaging characteristics, including nodule size, margin, number, vascular invasion, and growth patterns, allows preoperative prediction of tumor microvascular invasion and patient prognosis. Therefore, the aim of this article is to review the current state-of-the-art and recent advances in the comprehensive noninvasive imaging evaluation of HCC. We also provide the basic key concepts of HCC development and an overview of the current practice guidelines.
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