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Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the rectum: An update and implications for treatment

Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the rectum: An update and implications for treatment

作     者:Glen R Guerra Cherng H Kong Satish K Warrier Andrew C Lynch Alexander G Heriot Samuel Y Ngan 

作者机构:Division of Cancer Surgery Sir Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre University of Melbourne Division of Radiation Oncology Sir Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre University of Melbourne 

出 版 物:《World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery》 (世界胃肠外科杂志(英文版)(电子版))

年 卷 期:2016年第8卷第3期

页      面:252-265页

学科分类:1002[医学-临床医学] 100214[医学-肿瘤学] 10[医学] 

主  题:Squamous cell carcinoma Rectal cancer Chemoradiotherapy Surgery Complete response 

摘      要:AIM: To provide an update on the aetiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, staging and management of rectal squamous cell carcinoma(SCC).METHODS: A systematic review was conducted according to the preferred reporting items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A comprehensive search of Ovid MEDLINE was performed with the reference list of selected articles reviewed to ensure all relevant publications were captured. The search strategy was limited to the English language, spanning from 1946 to 2015. A qualitative analysis was undertaken examining patient demographics, clinical presentation, diagnosis, staging, treatment and outcome. The quantitaive analysis was limited to data extracted on treatment and outcomes including radiological, clinical and pathological complete response where available. The narrative and quantitative review were synthesised in ***: The search identified 487 articles in total with 79 included in the qualitative review. The quantitative analysis involved 63 articles, consisting of 43 case reports and 20 case series with a total of 142 individual cases. The underlying pathogenesis of rectal SCC while unclear, continues to be defined, with increasing evidence of a metaplasia-dysplasia-carcinoma sequence and a possible role for human papilloma virus in this progression. The presentation is similar to rectal adenocarcinoma, with a diagnosis confirmed by endoscopic biopsy. Many presumed rectal SCC s are in fact an extension of an anal SCC, and cytokeratin markers are a useful adjunct in this distinction. Staging is most accurately reflected by the tumour-nodemetastasis classification for rectal adenocarcinoma. It involves examining locoregional disease by way of magnetic resonance imaging and/or endorectal ultrasound, with systemic spread excluded by way of computed tomography. Positron emission tomography is integral in the workup to exclude an external siteof primary SCC with metastasis to the rectum. While the optimal treatm

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