Conotruncal heart malformations in Egypt: An epidemiological study

作     者：Doa’a A. Saleh Sameera Ezzat Hala Hamza Mohamed Abdel-Hamid Karen S. Kuehl Christopher A. Loffredo 

作者机构：Cairo University Cairo Egypt Children’s National Medical Center Washington DC USA Georgetown University Washington DC USA Menoufiya University Shibin El Kom Egypt Minia University Minia Egypt 

出 版 物：《Open Journal of Epidemiology》 (流行病学期刊（英文）)

年 卷 期：2013年第3卷第4期

页      面：169-176页

学科分类：1002[医学-临床医学] 100214[医学-肿瘤学] 10[医学] 

主　　题：Congenital Heart Disease Cardiovascular Malformations Conotruncal Malformations Epidemiology Environmental Factors Diabetes 

摘      要：Conotruncal malformations of the heart are a major category of birth defects. No previous epidemiological studies on these malformations have been carried out in Egypt;therefore our study aimed to describe associations with maternal and infant factors in order to identify possible risk factors. Cases (N = 255) were children up to two years of age whose heart malformations were confirmed by echocardiography;they were enrolled at the Cardiology Department of the Pediatric Hospital of Cairo University. Controls (N = 155) were free of congenital heart malformations, matched to the cases by age, and recruited from outpatients of the same hospital. Mothers of cases (97%) and controls (89%) provided consent to participate in an interview about their medical, familial, and occupational histories. Odds ratios (OR) and exact 95% confidence intervals (CI) assessed the magnitude and statistical significance of case-control differences. Cases were divided into two groups based on the presence of d-transposition of the great arteries (TGA): there were 139 with TGA and 116 with normally-related great arteries (NGA). Maternal diabetes prevalence was elevated in both the TGA (OR = 3.4) and NGA (OR = 5.5) subgroups. Several agricultural factors were associated with increased risk: raising animals (for TGA: OR = 2.4, 95% CI 1.2-4.6), raising poultry (for NGA: OR = 1.8, 95% CI 1.1-3.2), and using chemical rodenticides (for all conotruncal cases: OR = 3.2, 95% CI 1.1-13.2). These results are consistent with previous studies of associations of maternal diabetes and pesticide exposure with conotruncal malformations. Further research is warranted to explore such associations and determine avenues for prevention.