Hypothesizing “Reward” Gene Polymorphisms May Predict High Rates of Injury and Addiction in the Workforce: A Nutrient and Electrotherapeutic Based Solution

作     者：Kenneth Blum Thomas Simpaatico Roger L. Waite Seth H. Blum Kristina Dushaj Margaret A. Madigan Eric R. Braverman Marlene Oscar-Bermanm 

作者机构：Department of Psychiatry and McKnight Brain Institute University of Florida College of Medicine Gainesville USA Department of Nutrigenomic Research RDSolutions LLC Del Mar USA Department of Neurology PATH Foundation NY New York USA Dominion Diagnostics LLC North Kingstown USA Department of Psychiatry Human Integrated Services Unit University of Vermont Center for Clinical & Translational Science College of Medicine Burlington USA Department of Genomics IGENE LLC Austin USA Department of Addiction Research & Therapy Malibu Beach Recovery Center Malibu Beach USA Departments of Psychiatry Neurology and Anatomy & Neurobiology Boston University School of Medicine and Boston VA Healthcare System Boston USA 

出 版 物：《Health》 (健康（英文）)

年 卷 期：2014年第6卷第16期

页      面：2261-2285页

学科分类：1002[医学-临床医学] 100214[医学-肿瘤学] 10[医学] 

主　　题：Injuries Workforce Reward Gene Polymorphisms KB220Z Electrotherapy Device & Program Iatrogenic Analgesic Addiction Reward Deficiency System Solution 

摘      要：We hypothesize that individuals with genetic predisposition to Substance Use Disorder (SUD) may have greater likelihood of experiencing work related accidents. We further hypothesize that high risk populations will carry single or multiple polymorphisms associated with brain reward circuitry and/or brain reward cascade, including: Dopaminergic (i.e. DRD2 receptor genes);Serotonergic (i.e. 5-HTT2 receptor genes);Endorphinergic (i.e. pre-enkephalin genes);Gabergic (i.e. GABAA receptor genes);Neurotransmitter Metabolizing genes (i.e. MAO and COMT genes) among others (GARSRXTM). Analgesic addiction as well as “pseudoaddiction must be treated to improve pain control and its management. We propose that non-pharmacological alternatives to pain relief, in high risk, addiction-prone individuals, are Electrotherapeutic Device(s) and Programs. We further propose patented KB220Z, a nutraceutical designed to release dopamine at the nucleus accumbens, will reduce craving behavior, in genetically programmed individuals. By utilizing both alternatives in DNA analyzed injured workers, a reduction in analgesic addiction (genuine or pseudo) leads to improved health and quicker return to work. We also hypothesize that this novel approach will impact costs related to injuries in the workforce. Effective management of chronic pain, especially in high addiction-prone workforce populations, is possible in spite of being particularly elusive. A series of factors encumber pain assessment and management, including analgesia addiction, pharmacogenomic response to pain medications, and genetically inherited factors involving gene polymorphisms. Additional research is required to test these stipulated hypotheses related to genetic proneness to addiction, but also proneness to accidents in the workplace and reduction of craving behavior. Our hypothesis that genotyping coupled with both KB220ZTM and the pharmaceutical-free Electrotherapy, will reduce iatrogenic induced analgesia addiction. This a