Histopathological differences utilizing the nonalcoholicfatty liver disease activity score criteria in diabetic （type2 diabetes mellitus） and non-diabetic patients withnonalcoholic fatty liver disease

作     者：Bharat K Puchakayala, Siddharth Verma, Pushpjeet Kanwar, John Hart, Raghavendra R Sanivarapu, Smruti R Mohanty 

作者机构：Bharat K Puchakayala Siddharth Verma Pushpjeet Kanwar Raghavendra R Sanivarapu Smruti R Mohanty Center for Liver Diseases Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology New York Methodist Hospital at Weill Cornell Medical College Brooklyn NY 11215 United StatesJohn Hart Department of Pathology University of Chicago Medical Center Chicago IL 60637 United States 

出 版 物：《World Journal of Hepatology》 (世界肝病学杂志（英文版）（电子版）)

年 卷 期：2015年第7卷第25期

页      面：2619-2630页

学科分类：10[医学] 

主　　题：Human immunodeficiency virus Hepatitis Bvirus Hepatitis C virus Men who have sex with men Female sex workers Injecting drug users Prisoners 

摘      要：AIM To identify gaps in the existing knowledge onsingle, dual and triple infections of human immunodeficiencyvirus （HIV）, hepatitis B virus （HBV） andhepatitis C virus （HCV） in the Middle East and NorthAfrica （MENA） region among men who have sex withmen （MSMs）, female sex workers （FSWs）, injectingdrug users （IDUs） and ***： We performed an extensive literaturesearch on articles published on the topic in the 25countries of the MENA region. PubMed database wasused as the main search engine. Case reports, caseseries, qualitative studies, editorials, commentaries,authors＇ replies and animal studies were *** articles and reviews dealing with the prevalenceof HIV, HBV and HCV and their co-infection wereincluded. Data on population type, sample size, age andmarkers of infections were extracted from the ***： HIV, HBV and HCV are blood-borne viruseswith similar modes of transmission. The categories ofpeople at high risk of acquiring HIV-1, HBV and HCVcommonly include： MSMs, FSW and IDUs. It is wellestablished that HIV-positive individuals co-infectedwith HBV or HCV suffer from liver pathology associatedwith morbidity and mortality. Moreover, HIV-infectedindividuals do not respond well to treatment for HBV orHCV and hence are at increased risk of hepatic ***, co-infection of HIV-positive individualswith HBV and/or HCV is a global health problem of significant magnitude. Our review reveals the paucityof epidemiological data for key populations in manycountries of the region. Limited number of studiesexists in the MENA region on the status of HIV, HBVand HCV and their co-infections among prisoners, MSMsand FSWs. Evidence support the continued increaseof the HIV epidemic among MSMs. In addition to thelack of studies on MSMs and FSWs in the MENA region,our review highlights the lack of data on the practices,characteristics, or the status of HIV infection and viralhepatitis among male sex workers selling or exchanging