Understanding the Human Rights of Modern Individuals—Revisiting Habermas’s Dual Critique and the Reconstruction of Intersubjectivity

作     者：杨畅 PAN Yingzhao(Translated) YANG Chang

作者机构：Department of PhilosophySchool of HumanitiesCentral South University 不详 

出 版 物：《The Journal of Human Rights》 (人权（英文版）)

年 卷 期：2024年第23卷第2期

页      面：420-475页

学科分类：01[哲学] 0101[哲学-哲学] 010103[哲学-外国哲学] 

基　　金：This article is a phased outcome of the research project“Research on Contemporary Chinese Human Rights Theory and Discourse”funded by the Scientific Research Fund of Renmin University of China (Special Funds for Basic Scientific Research of Central Universities)(Project Approval Number 22XNA006) 

主　　题：human rights self-identity practicality historicity intersubjectivity 

摘      要：Human rights are not only pivotal in depicting the relationship between individuals and communities but also a focal point of political philosophical concerns oriented towards reality. The inseparability of human rights from individual self-identity reveals a contradiction between practicality and historicity in understanding individuals, as highlighted in the debate between liberalism and communitarianism. In order to reconcile this contradiction, Habermas,drawing from German classical philosophy, examines practicality and historicity separately: while Fichte intertwines objectivity in self-identity, revealing the practicality of individuals but neglecting their real elements, Hegel interprets self-identity under the concept of unity,examining individuals from a historical dimension but letting rational rules dominate reality. Ultimately, Habermas reconstructs the process of modern individual self-identity from the theory of communicative action by critiquing the shackles of subjective philosophy. He not only reconciles the divergence between practicality and historicity in self-identity, but also elucidates the intersubjective core inherent in human rights.