Identification of the HAK gene family reveals their critical response to potassium regulation during adventitious root formation in apple rootstock

作     者：Muhammad Mobeen Tahir Lu Tong Lingling Xie Tong Wu Muhammad Imran Ghani Xiaoyun Zhang Shaohuan Li Xiuhua Gao Leeza Tariq Dong Zhang Yun Shao Muhammad Mobeen Tahir;Lu Tong;Lingling Xie;Tong Wu;Muhammad Imran Ghani;Xiaoyun Zhang;Shaohuan Li;Xiuhua Gao;Leeza Tariq;Dong Zhang;Yun Shao

作者机构：Yangling Sub-Center of National Center for Apple ImprovementCollege of HorticultureNorthwest Agriculture&Forestry UniversityYanglingShaan 712100China The Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization in Xinjiang Production and Construction GroupCollege of AgricultureShihezi UniversityShiheziXinjiang 832003China Centre of Excellence in Molecular BiologyUniversity of the PunjabLahore 53700Pakistan 

出 版 物：《Horticultural Plant Journal》 (园艺学报（英文版）)

年 卷 期：2023年第9卷第1期

页      面：45-59页

核心收录：

学科分类：0710[理学-生物学] 09[农学] 0902[农学-园艺学] 090201[农学-果树学] 

基　　金：financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2018YFD1000101,2019YFD1000803) Shaanxi Apple Industry Science and Technology Project(Grant No.2020zdzx03-01-04) Tang Scholar by Cyrus Tang Foundation(Grant No.C200022002) The China Apple Research System(Grant No.CARS-27). 

主　　题：Apple rootstock Adventitious root Formation Potassium(K+) HAK transporter 

摘      要：Adventitious root formation is a bottleneck during vegetative proliferation.Potassium(K^(+))is an essential macronutrient for plants.K^(+)accumulation from the soil and its distribution to the different plant organs is mediated by K^(+)transporters named K^(+)transporter(KT),K^(+)uptake(KUP),or high-affinity K^(+)(HAK).This study aimed to identify members of the HAK gene family in apples and to characterize the effects of K^(+)supply on adventitious root formation and on the expression of HAK genes and the genes that putatively control auxin transport,signaling,and cell fate during adventitious root formation.In this study,34 HAK genes(MdHAKs)were identified in the apple(Malus×domestica‘Golden Delicious’)genome.A phylogenetic analysis divided MdHAKs into four clusters(Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,andⅣ),comprising 16,1,4,and 13 genes,respectively.The syntenic relationships revealed that 62.5%of the total MdHAK genes arise from genomic duplication events.Chromosome location,domain structure,motif analysis,and physico-chemical characteristics were subsequently investigated.Furthermore,the application of K^(+)indicated the emergence of adventitious roots at 8 d and produced more adventitious roots at 16 d than the K^(+)-free control(CK)treatment.In addition,various MdHAKs showed root-specific expression in B9 apple rootstock stem cuttings and enhanced expression during the initiation and emergence stages of adventitious root formation in response to K^(+)treatment.Additionally,K^(+)treatment enhanced the expression levels of MdPIN1,MdPIN2,and MdAUX1.Further data indicated that a higher expression of MdWOX11,MdLBD16,and MdLBD29 and of cell cycle-related genes contributed to the auxin-stimulated adventitious root formation in response to K^(+).