Viral and cellular determinants involved in hepadnaviral entry

作     者：Dieter Glebe Stephan Urban 

作者机构：Institute of Medical Virology Justus-Liebig University of Giessen Frankfurter Str. 107 D-35392 Giessen Germany Department of Molecular Virology Otto Meyerhof Zentrum University of Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 350 D-69120 Heidelberg Germany 

出 版 物：《World Journal of Gastroenterology》 (世界胃肠病学杂志（英文版）)

年 卷 期：2007年第13卷第1期

页      面：22-38页

核心收录：

学科分类：1007[医学-药学(可授医学、理学学位)] 100705[医学-微生物与生化药学] 1001[医学-基础医学(可授医学、理学学位)] 100103[医学-病原生物学] 10[医学] 

基　　金：Supported by grant SFB535/A2 from DFG  EU QLK 2000- 01476 and DFG UR72/1-3  UR72/1-4 

主　　题：Hepatitis B virus Duck hepatitis B virus Infection models Receptor Viral attachment Tupaia belangeri HepaRG Carboxypeptidase D 

摘      要：Hepadnaviridae is a family of hepatotropic DNA viruses that is divided into the genera orthohepadnavirus of mammals and avihepadnavirus of birds. All members of this family can cause acute and chronic hepatic infection, which in the case of human hepatitis B virus （HBV） constitutes a major global health problem. Although our knowledge about the molecular biology of these highly liver-specific viruses has profoundly increased in the last two decades, the mechanisms of attachment and productive entrance into the differentiated host hepatocytes are still enigmatic. The difficulties in studying hepadnaviral entry were primarily caused by the lack of easily accessible in vitro infection systems. Thus, for more than twenty years, differentiated primary hepatocytes from the respective species were the only in vitro models for both orthohepadnaviruses （e.g. HBV） and avihepadnaviruses （e.g. duck hepatitis B virus [DHBV]）. Two important discoveries have been made recently regarding HBV： （1） primary hepatoo/tes from tree-shrews; i.e., Tupaia belangeri, can be substituted for primary human hepatocytes, and （2） a human hepatoma cell line （HepaRG） was established that gains susceptibility for HBV infection upon induction of differentiation in vitro. A number of potential HBV receptor candidates have been described in the past, but none of them have been confirmed to function as a receptor. For DHBV and probably all other avian hepadnaviruses, carboxypeptidase D （CPD） has been shown to be indispensable for infection, although the exact role of this molecule is still under debate. While still restricted to the use of primary duck hepatocytes （PDH）, investigations performed with DHBV provided important general concepts on the first steps of hepadnaviral infection. However, with emerging data obtained from the new HBV infection systems, the hope that DHBV utilizes the same mechanism as HBV only partially held true. Nevertheless, both HBV and DHBV in vitro infection systems will help