Gene expression profiles and treatments for metastatic renal cell carcinoma:What does still need to be defined?

作     者：Emilio F.Giunta Pasquale Rescigno Roberto Pili Emilio F.Giunta;Pasquale Rescigno;Roberto Pili

作者机构：Interdisciplinary Group for Translational Research and Clinical TrialsUrological Cancers(GIRT-Uro)Candiolo Cancer InstituteFPO-IRCCSCandioloTurinItaly Division of Hematology and OncologyJacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical SciencesUniversity at BuffaloBuffaloNYUSA 

出 版 物：《Asian Journal of Urology》 (亚洲泌尿外科杂志（英文）)

年 卷 期：2022年第9卷第3期

页      面：206-207页

核心收录：

学科分类：1002[医学-临床医学] 100214[医学-肿瘤学] 10[医学] 

主　　题：diagnosis metastasis death 

摘      要：Approximately one third of renal cell carcinoma(RCC)patients have metastasis at the time of diagnosis,while one third of localized patients inevitably develop disease recurrence[1,2].To date,there are four drug combinations with immunotherapies which have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration as first-line therapy in metastatic RCC(mRCC):pembrolizumab(anti-programmed cell death protein 1[anti-PD-1]antibody)plus axitinib(vascular endothelial growth factor receptor[VEGF-R]tyrosine kinase inhibitor[TKI]),avelumab(anti-PD-L1 antibody)plus axitinib,nivolumab(anti-PD-1 antibody)plus cabozantinib(multi-target TKI),and nivolumab plus ipilimumab(anticytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 antibody),replacing monotherapies with TKIs targeting the VEGF-R pathway[1].