Resistance mechanisms in melanoma to immuneoncologic therapy with checkpoint inhibitors

作     者：Sarah E.Fenton Jeffrey A.Sosman Sunandana Chandra 

作者机构：Division of Hematology OncologyNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIL 60611USA. 

出 版 物：《Cancer Drug Resistance》 (癌症耐药（英文）)

年 卷 期：2019年第2卷第3期

页      面：744-761页

学科分类：1002[医学-临床医学] 100214[医学-肿瘤学] 10[医学] 

主　　题：Melanoma checkpoint inhibitor resistance nonresponder secondary resistance 

摘      要：Checkpoint inhibitors act by blocking physiologic mechanisms coopted by tumor cells to evade immune surveillance,restoring the immune system’s ability to identify and kill malignant *** therapies have dramatically improved outcomes in multiple tumor types with durable responses in many patients,leading to FDA approval first in advanced melanoma,then in many other ***,as experience with checkpoint inhibitors has grown,populations of patients who are primary nonresponders or develop secondary resistance have been the majority of cases,even in *** of resistance include those inherent to the tumor microenvironment,the tumor cells themselves,and the function of the patient’s native immune *** review will discuss resistance to checkpoint inhibitors in melanoma as well as possible methods to restore sensitivity.